Deck 1: Psychology: Topics, Perspectives, and Methods

Question 1

Psychology includes the study of

A) perception.
B) emotions.
C) physiological processes.
D) All of these

Answer 1

All of these

Question 2

In order to study mind and behaviour, psychologists:

A) rely on the scientific method.
B) use their intuition.
C) consult a magic eight-ball.
D) take careful notes while watching talk shows.

Answer 2

rely on the scientific method.

Question 3

Which of the following areas is/are CORRECTLY matched with its description?

A) Evolutionary psychology-seeks to understand how we might inherit certain behavioural traits and how the environment influences whether we display those traits.
B) Behavioural genetics-considers how our behaviour is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.
C) Clinical neuropsychology-focuses on our understanding of the structure and chemistry of the brain.
D) All of these are correctly matched.

Answer 3

Clinical neuropsychology-focuses on our understanding of the structure and chemistry of the brain.

Question 4

Approximately how many psychologists are there in the Canada?

A) 18,000
B) 10,000
C) 16,000
D) 20,000

Question 5

Which of the following locations is associated with the formal beginning of psychology?

A) Soddy Daisy, Tennessee
B) Leipzig, Germany
C) Berlin, Germany
D) Oxford, England

Question 6

Which perspective below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?

A) Structuralism-emphasized what the mind does and how behaviour functions
B) Functionalism-emphasized uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, thinking, . emotions, and other kinds of mental states and activities
C) Humanism-emphasized that behaviour is motivated by unconscious forces and conflicts
D) Gestalt psychology-emphasized the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense

Question 7

Which of the following psychologists would have been most likely to advocate for the application of psychology to improving educational practices?

A) Freud
B) Wundt
C) Dewey
D) Washburn

Question 8

Which of the following early women psychologists might be considered developmental psychologist(s)?

A) Leta Stetter Hollingworth
B) Margaret Floy Washburn
C) Karen Horney
D) all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following early women psychologists might be considered personality psychologist(s)?

A) Leta Stetter Hollingworth
B) Mary Calkins
C) Karen Horney
D) Mamie Phipps

Question 10

Important contributions of the neuroscience perspective include:

A) the development of drug therapies for people with severe mental disorders.
B) cures for certain types of deafness.
C) both of these options
D) none of these options

Question 11

Which contemporary perspective is CORRECTLY matched with its description?

A) Psychodynamic perspective-emphasizes people's motivation to grow and develop and gain control over their destinies.
B) Humanistic perspective-emphasizes how people know, understand, and think about the world.
C) Behavioural perspective-emphasizes observable behaviour and objectivity.
D) None of these is correctly matched.

Question 12

Your text suggests that the stereotype of psychology held by many people who have never taken a psychology course accords most closely with the ________ perspective.

A) neuroscience
B) behavioural
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Question 13

Psychologists that follow the ________ perspective are probably the LEAST likely to emphasize a "nature" explanation for behaviour in the nature versus nurture issue.

A) behaviourist
B) cognitive
C) neuroscience
D) evolutionary

Question 14

Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method?

A) having a theory
B) asking a question
C) communicating results
D) conducting research

Question 15

Regarding theories, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A) Theories are broad explanations and predictions.
B) Theories help to organize data.
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these

Question 16

A group of researchers examined the factors that influence attraction between persons interested in romantic relationships. Their investigation exemplifies the subfield of ________ psychology in contemporary psychology.

A) social
B) developmental
C) health
D) personality

Question 17

Disadvantages of naturalistic observation include which of the following?

A) It is very expensive to conduct.
B) The researchers cannot control any of the variables in the situation.
C) It takes too much time
D) all of these are disadvantages

Question 18

Which of the following descriptive research methods is described INCORRECTLY?

A) Survey research-a small sample representing the larger population are asked questions about behaviour and thought processes.
B) Naturalistic observation-an investigator observes some naturally occurring behaviour and does not make a change in the situation.
C) Case study-a sample is asked a series of questions about their thoughts, attitudes, or behaviours.
D) None of these is incorrectly matched.

Question 19

In a social psychology experiment, one group of participants is reminded of a social stereotype they are likely to hold and another group is not reminded. All participants then interact with a member of the group to which the stereotype refers, and the nature of their interactions is recorded. What is/are the treatment(s) in this study?

A) the reminding
B) the interaction
C) Both are treatments
D) Neither are treatments

Question 20

Ethical guidelines intended to protect the rights of human research participants include which of the following?

A) Participants must be protected from physical and mental harm.
B) Participants must be assured that their participation is completely voluntary.
C) Participants must be aware of the general procedures involved before the study begins.
D) All of these

Question 21

Which of the following guidelines is NOT among those that researchers are required to follow when they use animals as research subjects?

A) They must minimize discomfort, illness, and pain.
B) Procedures that subject animals to distress are permitted only when an alternative approach is . unavailable and when the research is justified by its prospective value.
C) They must promote the psychological well being for some species of animals.
D) They must use a large number of animals in order to ensure the validity of the research.

Question 22

Experimental bias includes:

A) experimenter expectations.
B) participant expectations.
C) both of these options
D) none of these options

Question 23

Which of the following issues have resulted in an increase in the number of psychologists in Canada?

A) aging population
B) child and youth behavioural problems
C) increased mental health problems
D) all of the above

Question 24

The majority of psychologists in Canada work where?

A) health care centres
B) educational institutes
C) self-employed psychologists
D) local, provincial, or government setting

Question 25

When did Canadian women start attaining PhDs in psychology?

A) early 1900s
B) 1920s to 1930s
C) 1930s to 1940s
D) 1940s to 1950s

Question 26

Which of the following is a potential pitfall of internet surveys?

A) difficult to obtain informed consent
B) not representative of the population
C) cannot provide proper debriefing
D) all of the above

Question 27

The process of turning a hypothesis into a specific and testable procedure that can be measured and observed is called a(n)?

A) theory
B) hypothesis
C) operational definition
D) none of the above

Question 28

The PsyD is obtained by psychologists who wish to focus on which area of psychology?

A) developmental
B) clinical
C) social
D) cross-cultural

Question 29

Who became the first female president of the Canadian Psychological Association?

A) Mary Wright
B) Katharine Banham
C) Mary Ainsworth
D) Brenda Milner

Question 30

Dr. Kidd examines how behaviour and thinking differs across different cultures. Which of the seven major perspectives would her work fall under?

A) behavioural
B) cognitive
C) sociocultural
D) evolutionary

Question 31

Which of the seven major perspectives would examine religious beliefs, social pressures, and family systems to explain behaviour and mental processes?

A) humanistic
B) psychodynamic
C) neuroscience
D) socioculutral

Question 32

The ________ perspective draws on Darwin's theory of natural selection.

A) behavioural
B) evolutionary
C) sociocultural
D) psychodynamic

Question 33

Being afraid of spiders and/or snakes could be adaptive for survival. This way of thinking would fit with which of the seven major perspectives?

A) evolutionary
B) behavioural
C) humanistic
D) sociocultural

Question 34

The PsyD degree is ________ research-oriented than the PhD.

Question 35

Xaviera identifies herself as a learning psychologist. She probably adheres to the ________perspective.

Question 36

The approach used by psychologists to acquire information about behaviour in a systematic fashion is called the ________.

Question 37

In one descriptive research method, the number .35 would be an example of a positive ________.

Question 38

Sometimes, the expectations of either the experimenter or participants can influence research results.These expectations are collectively known as ________.

Question 39

The four goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and ________ behaviour and mentalprocesses.

Question 40

A ________ is a variable that may influence the outcome of a study.

Question 41

In Canada, the number of women psychologists ________ the number of men psychologists.

Question 42

The ________ perspective examines the social and cultural influences on behaviour.

Question 43

The ________ perspective believes behaviour is functional to natural selection and is adapted to ensuresurvival.

Question 44

Your friend is interested in pursuing a career in psychology. Identify the advanced degrees typically earned by psychologists and describe the career options associated with each degree.

Question 45

Describe several trends the author of your text foresees in psychology's future. Provide original examples or illustrations where appropriate.