Deck 2: Training and Development: Importance, Methods, and Evaluation

Question 1

Organisations develop through training and development which bring benefits to Employees as well as the organisations. Which of the following would not be regarded as a common feature that would result from training in today's modern workplace?

A)Same job for life
B)Be able to move more easily between jobs and other organisations
C)Improve chances of promotion
D)Develop a range of transferable skills

Answer 1

Same job for life

Question 2

Training needs analysis can take place at organisational, task, and person levels. At the organisational level, it broadly examines what are the organisation's strategic plans and where is training and development needed to fit into the planning. Organisational training needs generally occur when:

A)There is some kind of barrier hindering the achievement of organisational aims and objectives which is best removed by training.
B)Information technology systems need upgrading.
C)Other competing organisations are conducting extensive training programmes.
D)Government provides additional funding.

Answer 2

There is some kind of barrier hindering the achievement of organisational aims and objectives which is best removed by training.

Question 3

The first phase of a training programme is a training needs analysis. What does this aim to do?

A)Establish the training resources required
B)Produce selection criteria
C)Identify the training objectives
D)All of the above

Answer 3

Identify the training objectives

Question 4

In his contribution to understanding learning and learning outcomes, Gagne produced six types of learning related to human performance which he called capabilities, but which of the following is correct?

A)All of the below
B)Cognitive strategies
C)Basic learning
D)Motor Skills

Question 5

There is no one theory of learning that can be applied to any training programme. The social learning theory has been used successfully in many settings and can be broken down into component parts involving observation, practise, and feedback. Bandura found that various factors also enhanced training such as:

A)All of the below.
B)Models being the same race and gender as the trainee.
C)Models perceived to be friendly and helpful.
D)High status models

Question 6

Anderson's theory of skill development distinguishes between declarative and procedural knowledge. Procedural knowledge refers to knowing how to do something, but what is declarative knowledge?

A)Factual knowledge about a task
B)Muscle memory
C)Automatic task processing
D)Associative knowledge of the task

Question 7

Evaluation forms the final stage of the training programme and various models of evaluation have been produced to meet this aspect. Whose model has the four levels of Reaction, Learning, Behaviour, and Results?

A)Kirkpatrick
B)Goldstein
C)Cooper and Robertson
D)Alliger and Janak

Question 8

When evaluating interventions, organisations often resort to the lowest level of Kirkpatrick's model and only gather reaction level data. However, reaction level data can be improved by asking trainees:

A)How difficult they found the training.
B)How difficult and useful they found the training.
C)How useful and enjoyable they found the training.
D)How much they enjoyed the training.

Question 9

Transfer of learning to the workplace needs to be made for the training programme to have been successful. Which of the following can hinder this process?

A)All of the below
B)Ridicule from colleagues
C)Low self-efficacy
D)Lack of managerial support

Question 10

In an economic downturn, training budgets are likely to be cut and the case for training needs to be strongly made. Recent research by Anderson (2007) has confirmed previous findings that relatively few organisations perform thorough evaluations. Why could this be?

A)A threat of union action
B)Training success is obvious and no detailed assessment is required
C)Managers do not want to be associated with a training programme that could be assessed as a waste of resources
D)None of the above

Question 11

The concept of communities of practice (CoP) has grown in the past decade and can evolve formally or informally using communication and information technology. What is an appropriate description of a CoP?

A)A gathering of experts in a particular field who allow their work to be disseminated over the internet
B)Groups of people who interact regularly on issues important to them and share best practice for their mutual benefit
C)A workplace based group willing to communicate with others using the internet and intranet
D)An individual who is willing to disseminate relevant information to interested parties

Question 12

Training needs assessment is usually related to:

A)Organizational performance
B)Individual
C)Both organizational and individual performance
D)None of the above

Question 13

____ refers to dynamic and analytical understanding of theories, concepts, principles and issues related to the job of the participants and their application to specific situations in the performance of the job or in the social interactions.

A)Knowledge
B)Skills
C)Competencies
D)Attitude

Question 14

The social and cultural barrier to TNA can be met by:

A)Building organizational trust and confidence
B)Assistance of external consultants
C)Effective monitoring
D)All of the above

Question 15

When the time is less, which techniques are recommended for TNA:

A)Interview
B)Work samples
C)Focus group discussion
D)Test

Question 16

Areas of improvement like knowledge, skills etc. are identified which needs improvement through:

A)Job analysis
B)Performance gap analysis
C)Monitoring
D)Training delivery

Question 17

Training Needs Analysis is important because it:

A)Determines who should receive training first
B)Enables managers to work out the cost of training
C)Identifies the training objectives
D)Provides a profile of an individual's training need.

Question 18

Which of the following is not included in Gagné's six types of learning?

A)Basic learning
B)Affective learning
C)Cognitive strategies
D)Motor Skills

Question 19

According to Kirkpatrick's model, which of the following is the order in which

A)training evaluation should take place?
B)Reaction, learning, behaviour, results
C)Results, learning, reaction, behaviour
D)Learning, behaviour, results, reaction

Question 20

Which of the following should not be included in a training objective?

A)The location of where the behaviour should be exhibited
B)The conditions under which the behaviour is to be exhibited
C)The criterion behaviour
D)The standard of performance of the behavior

Question 21

Fitts (1962) proposed that skill development occurs in which of the following orders?

A)Affective, cognitive, associative, autonomous
B)Associative, cognitive, autonomous
C)Cognitive, affective, associative, autonomous
D)Cognitive, associative, autonomous

Question 22

Declarative knowledge refers to:

A)The ability to explain how to perform a task
B)Knowing what is required in order to perform a task
C)Factual or explicit knowledge
D)Knowing how to do something

Question 23

Aptitude-Treatment Interaction refers to which of the following?

A)Individuals with higher aptitude learn more quickly
B)Different individuals benefit from different types of training methodology
C)The interaction between an individual's ability to perform a task and how they are treated by trainers
D)The relationship between trainers' personality and trainee satisfaction

Question 24

Reaction level data can be improved by asking trainees

A)How much they enjoyed the training
B)How difficult and useful they found the training
C)How useful and enjoyable they found the training
D)How difficult they found the training

Question 25

Which of the following factors did Baldwin and Ford (1988) not identify as

A)Important in the transfer of learning to the workplace?
B)Financial support (resources, funds for training)
C)Work environment (support and opportunities to use)
D)Trainee characteristics (ability, personality and motivation)

Question 26

What are the three main groups of learning outcomes according to Kraiger, Ford and Salas (1993)?

A)skill-based, cognitive and affective
B)Skill-based, motivational and affective
C)Affective, motivational and cognitive
D)Motivational, skill-based and cognitive

Question 27

Training needs analysis can take place at organizational, task, and person levels. At the Organizational level, it broadly examines what are the organization's strategic plans and where is training and development needed to fit into the planning. Organizational training needs generally occur when:

A)Government provides additional funding.
B)Information technology systems need upgrading.
C)There is some kind of barrier hindering the achievement of organizational aims and objectives which is best removed by training.
D)Other competing organisations are conducting extensive training programmes.

Question 28

The first phase of a training programme is a training needs analysis. What does this aim to do?

A)Identify the training objectives
B)Produce selection criteria
C)Establish the training resources required
D)All of the above

Question 29

Communicating leadership' is included in

A)personal competencies
B)interpersonal competencies
C)business management
D)Both A and C

Question 30

The unique characteristics of a learning organization is that the members learn about each other

A)it has the capacity to gather new information and use it for improvement
B)it focuses on selecting new employees who love learning and are highly skilled
C)employees are rewarded for submitting creative suggestions and participating in their implementation
D)none

Question 31

The best reason for presenting a training program is because:

A)it contributes to the organization's goals and objectives
B)it has been highly advertised.
C)Competitors are using the training.
D)Concern about federal agency pressure.

Question 32

The systems model of training contains three phases: __________, training and Development, and evaluation.

A)Preparation
B)Assessment
C)Introduction
D)Organizing

Question 33

In assessing training needs, an examination of production efficiency, labor costs, turnover, and accidents would be part of which training needs analysis?

A)Personnel
B)Task
C)operations
D)organizational

Question 34

The major difference between training and education is that

A)education refers more to acquiring specific skills.
B)education is more closely related to learning a particular job.
C)training provides more general knowledge.
D)training narrows the range of responses while education broadens the range.

Question 35

The unique characteristics of a learning organization is that:

A)the members learn about each other
B)it has the capacity to gather new information and use it for improvement
C)it focuses on selecting new employees who love learning and are highly skilled
D)employees are rewarded for submitting creative suggestions and participating in their implementation

Question 36

The systems model of training contains three phases: __________, training and development, and evaluation.

A)Preparation
B)assessment
C)introduction
D)organizing

Question 37

In assessing training needs, an examination of production efficiency, labor costs, turnover, and accidents would be part of which training needs analysis?

A)Personnel
B)Task
C)Operations
D)organizational

Question 38

The major difference between training and education is that:

A)education refers more to acquiring specific skills.
B)education is more closely related to learning a particular job.
C)training provides more general knowledge.
D)training narrows the range of responses while education broadens the range.

Question 39

The best method for conducting a training needs analysis when data needs to be obtained from a large number of employees is

A)Interviews
B)Observations
C)Questionnaires
D)focus groups

Question 40

The process of selectively reinforcing a response to change the behavior of a person is associated with

A)behavioral modeling
B)operant conditioning
C)education
D)learning

Question 41

The concept in social cognitive theory that behavior is influenced by the environment and personality, and that the environment is likewise influenced by behavior and personality, is called

A)dynamic homeostasis
B)reciprocal determinism
C)reverse interactionism
D)inverse influence

Question 42

A legitimate difference between andragogy versus methods for teaching children focuses on

A)the ability to utilize past experience in the training
B)the desire to participate in the learning experience
C)the desire for relevant learning that is problem-centered
D)the need to involve the learner in the learning process

Question 43

Carefully preparing a training manual so that each idea effectively builds on the previous ideas illustrates which training principle?

A)Stimulus: meaningful organization of materials
B)Response: practice and repetition
C)Feedback: knowledge of results
D)Transfer of Training: sequencing the learning

Question 44

What may be particularly necessary as part of the training process where people are working in another country?

A)e-learning
B)discovery learning
C)cross-cultural training
D)activist learning

Question 45

What is the term used to describe the process of helping a new employee to settle quickly into their job so they become efficient and productive workers?

A)action learning
B)discovery learning
C)sitting by Nellie
D)induction

Question 46

The basic managerial skill(s) is(are)

A)To supervise
B)To stimulate
C)To motivate
D)All of the above

Question 47

Communicating leadership' involves

A)personal competencies
B)interpersonal competencies
C)business management
D)both A and C

Question 48

'Managing tasks effectively' comes under

A)personal competencies
B)interpersonal competencies
C)business management
D)Both A and C

Question 49

Analyzing and identifying specific skills, needed for specific job is called

A)need analysis competency model
B)competency model
C)task analysis
D)Both A and C

Question 50

The 'effective negotiation' is included in

A)personal competencies
B)interpersonal competencies
C)business management
D)Both A and C

Question 51

A Verification of deficiencies in performance to determine training or job rotation is called

A)need analysis competency model
B)competency model
C)task analysis
D)performance analysis

Question 52

The collection of all the exercises and instrument that are used to identify individual needs for development is classified as

A)psychological testing
B)performance appraisals
C)assessment centers
D)both a and c

Question 53

The testing techniques which furnish the information about interpersonal traits, job preferences and leadership style are classified as

A)assessment centers
B)succession appraisals
C)psychological testing
D)performance appraisals

Question 54

The psychological testing, performance appraisals and the assessment centers are methods used to assess

A)development needs
B)staffing needs
C)tactile learning
D)massed learning

Question 55

The first step in training process is

A)need analysis
B)instructional design
C)implement
D)evaluate