Deck 4: Genetic Principles in Blood Banking

Question 1

The linked HLA genes on each chromosome are inherited as a:

A) haplotype.
B) phenotype.
C) genotype.
D) antithetical pair.

Answer 1

A
Closely linked genes on a chromosome such as the HLA genes are inherited as a group or haplotype.

Question 2

In the PCR reaction,what is the term for the short pieces of single-stranded DNA that are complementary and mark the sequence to be amplified?

A) Nucleotides
B) Polymerases
C) Primers
D) Amplicons

Answer 2

C
Complementary strands of DNA that mark the target DNA for the initiation of replication during PCR are called primers.

Question 3

When does crossing over occur?

A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Somatic cell division
D) Zygote formation

Answer 3

A
Crossing over is the sharing of chromosomal material during meiosis and contributes to greater genetic variation among offspring.

Question 4

What is an advantage of Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT)for viral marker testing?

A) Quicker to perform than most other tests
B) More cost effective than traditional test methods
C) A small amount of DNA or RNA can be detected
D) No problem with cross-contamination of samples

Question 5

The children of a group AB mother and a group B father could phenotype as all of the following except:

A) O.
B) A.
C) B.
D) AB.

Question 6

When an individual is group A,which of the following genetic terms applies?

A) Alleles
B) Haplotype
C) Genotype
D) Phenotype

Question 7

If two traits occur higher in a population together than each occurs separately,they may be linked.What does this fact suggest?

A) They are found far apart on the same chromosome.
B) They are inherited on different chromosomes.
C) Crossover has occurred.
D) The genes are close together on the same chromosome.

Question 8

If anti-M was reacted with red cells that are M+N+,how would they compare with red cells that are M+N-?

A) Stronger
B) Weaker
C) The same
D) Varies with the method

Question 9

What is the approximate probability of finding a compatible unit of blood for a D-positive patient with antibodies to C,E,and K,if the frequency of C is 70%,E is 30%,and K is 10%?

A) 2 out of 10 units
B) 4 out of 10 units
C) 2 out of 100 units
D) 4 out of 100 units

Question 10

In relationship testing,a "direct exclusion" is established when a genetic marker is:

A) present in the child but absent in both the mother and alleged father.
B) present in the child, absent in the mother, and present in the alleged father.
C) absent in the child, present in the mother, and the alleged father.
D) absent in the child, present in the mother, and absent in the alleged father.

Question 11

In a random population,16% of the population is homozygous for a particular trait.What percentage of the same population is heterozygous for that particular trait?

A) 32%
B) 64%
C) 48%
D) 84%

Question 12

How is RNA different from DNA?

A) RNA usually exists as a single strand.
B) The sugar ribose is substituted for deoxyribose.
C) The base uracil exists only in RNA.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 13

When using the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate genetic frequencies,which of the following must be TRUE?

A) The population statistics must be large.
B) Mutations cannot occur.
C) Mating must be random.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 14

How are most blood group systems inherited?

A) Autosomal recessive
B) Autosomal dominant
C) Sex-linked recessive
D) Autosomal codominant

Question 15

Mitosis results in ______________________ chromosomes as the original.

A) four cells with half as many
B) two cells with the same number of
C) four cells with the same number of
D) two cells with half as many

Question 16

In a family study,all four siblings in the family had a different blood type: A,B,O,and AB.What is the most likely genotypes of the parents?

A) AA and BB
B) AO and BB
C) OO and AB
D) AO and BO

Question 17

Of the following markers used to test for paternity,which marker provides the most useful statistical value?

A) Human leukocyte antigen typing
B) D antigens
C) ABO system antigens
D) The Kidd system (Jka, Jkb)

Question 18

A person whose red cells type as M+N+ with antisera would be:

A) a homozygote.
B) a heterozygote.
C) unable to be determined without family studies.
D) linked.

Question 19

A father carries the Xgᵃ blood group trait and passes it on to all of his daughters but to none of his sons.What type of inheritance pattern does this demonstrate?

A) X-linked dominant
B) X-linked recessive
C) Autosomal dominant
D) Autosomal recessive

Question 20

What is the meaning of the term autosomal?

A) A trait that is not carried on the sex chromosomes
B) A trait that is carried on the sex chromosome
C) A trait that is expressed only in the parents
D) A gene that does not express a characteristic

Question 21

MATCHING
Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.
a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
Having two or more alleles at a given gene locus

Question 22

Match the term with the definition that best fits.
a.Primer
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon DNA sequence
Marks the sequence to be amplified during PCR

Question 23

Match the term with the definition that best fits.
a.Primer
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon DNA sequence
Short segment of DNA with a known sequence that can be labeled with a marker

Question 24

Match the term with the definition that best fits.
a.Primer
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon DNA sequence
The binding of two complementary pairs of DNA

Question 25

Match the term with the definition that best fits.
a.Primer
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon DNA sequence
Amplified target sequences of DNA produced by polymerase chain reaction

Question 26

MATCHING
Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.
a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
When two genes are close together on the same chromosome and are inherited as a "group" or "bundle"

Question 27

MATCHING
Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.
a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
Equal expression of two different inherited genes as in most blood group systems

Question 28

Parents,who both phenotype as group A,cannot have a group O child.

Question 29

MATCHING
Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.
a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
A gene that does not express a detectable product

Question 30

Match the term with the definition that best fits.
a.Primer
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon DNA sequence
Technique used to replicate a specific DNA sequences

Question 31

Which of the following clinical applications applies to molecular testing for blood group antigens?

A) Confirm the D type of blood donors
B) Identify fetus at risk for HDFN
C) Predict the phenotype of a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
D) All of the above

Question 32

MATCHING
Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.
a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
When a gene product is expressed only when it is inherited by both parents