Deck 8: Exploring the Unity of Phenomena, Laws of Motion, and Scientific Progress

Question 1

The unity of phenomena is called …..

A)Epistemological unity
B)Ontological unity
C)Axiological unity
D)None of these

Answer 1

Ontological unity

Question 2

The belief that the values of science, like its aims and goals, are unified is known as ……..

A)Axiological unity
B)Ontological unity
C)Epistemological unity
D)None of these

Answer 2

Axiological unity

Question 3

Reducing everything to fundamentals is called ………

A)Deduction
B)Reductionism
C)Inference
D)None of these

Answer 3

Reductionism

Question 4

Who discovered the Laws of Motion?

A)Einstein
B)Newton
C)Kepler
D)Darwin

Question 5

The notion that the various concepts, models, theories, etc. that scientists use to explore and explain the phenomena can themselves be reduced to the concepts, models, theories of a more basic science, is known as …..

A)Ontological reduction
B)Epistemological reduction
C)Axiological reduction
D)None of these

Question 6

Kepler's theory or laws can be derived from …….. equations.

A)Einstein's
B)Newton's
C)Darwin's
D)None of these

Question 7

The modern versions of inductivism owe much to ……

A)Francis Bacon
B)Newton
C)John Stuart Mill
D)Darwin

Question 8

The philosopher of the 20 th century , who objected to the foundation of inductive reasoning is ……

A)John Stuart Mill
B)Newton
C)Karl Popper
D)John Gray

Question 9

Popper uses the term ……….instead of verification.

A)Falsification
B)Identification
C)Analysis
D)Simplificatiuon

Question 10

Who challenged the very idea that scientific progress was a steady, linear, cumulative, and rational process.

A)Karl Popper
B)Newton
C)Thomas Kuhn
D)John Gray

Question 11

The new approach introduced by Lakatos to resolve the contradiction between Kuhn's and Popper's approaches is known as …,.,..

A)Methodology of Research Programme
B)Methodology of Research Tradition
C)Methodology of Research Progress
D)None of these

Question 12

Who defines technological infrastruture as a historically determined set of mutually supporting artifacts and structures that enable human activity, and provide the means for its development.

A)Joseph Pitt
B)Thomas Kuhn
C)Karl Popper
D)Laudan

Question 13

………. Is concerned with knowing.

A)Praxis
B)Techne
C)Theoretical Knowledge
D)None of there

Question 14

Praxis is concerned with ……..

A)Manufacturing
B)Doing
C)Knowing
D)None of these

Question 15

Techne is concerned with ……

A)Making or manufacturing
B)Doing
C)Knowing
D)None of these

Question 16

Theoretical knowledge deals with …..

A)Applied science
B)Technology
C)Pure science
D)None of these

Question 17

Praxis deals with …..

A)Pure science
B)Applied science
C)Technology
D)None of these

Question 18

Techne deals with …..

A)Technology
B)Pure science
C)Applied science
D)None of these

Question 19

……. looks for opportunities for using or applying science.

A)Pure science
B)Applied science
C)Technology
D)None of these

Question 20

……….. argue that evolution should have nothing to do with taxonomy and we should proceed purely by traditional considerations of appearances and similarities.

A)Taxonomists
B)Pheneticists
C)Cladists
D)None of These

Question 21

…….. is the requirement that all members of a group should share the same ancestor.

A)Monophyly
B)Taxonomy
C)Evolution
D)None of these

Question 22

Philosophy of …… closely monitors the current work in cognitive neurosciences, evolutionary psychology, and artificial intelligence.

A)Science
B)Biology
C)Physics
D)Psychology

Question 23

Who wrote The Modularity of the Mind?

A)Jerry Fodor
B)John Gray
C)Chomsky
D)Newton

Question 24

The over?reverential attitude towards science is called …….

A)Axiology
B)Metaphysics
C)Scientism
D)None of these

Question 25

The one who spoke about 'Scientific temper' was ……..

A)Jawaharlal Nehru
B)Newton
C)Bacon
D)None of these