Deck 10: Launching the New Ship of State, 1789-1800

Question 1

Which amendment guards against the danger that enumerating rights might lead to the conclusion that they were the only ones protected?  

A) First
B) Second
C) Fifth
D) Ninth
E) Tenth

Answer 1

Ninth

Question 2

Alexander Hamilton's financial program for the economic development of the United States favored  

A) agricultural interests.
B) trade with France.
C) the wealthier class.
D) the poor.
E) the middle class.

Answer 2

the wealthier class.

Question 3

Match the individual with his office in the new government.
A.Thomas Jefferson
B.Alexander Hamilton
C.Henry Knox
D.John Jay
1)Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
2)secretary of state
3)secretary of war
4)secretary of treasury

A) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
B) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
C) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
D) A-4, B-2, C-l, D-3
E) A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2

Answer 3

A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

Question 4

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​The United States, Spanish Louisiana, and the Old Northwest Around 1789 and Before the Louisiana Purchase 

____ Vermont

Question 5

All of the following are accurate descriptions of the young American nation except  

A) its population was still about 90 percent rural, despite the flourishing cities.
B) the first official census of 1790 recorded almost 4 million people.
C) all but 5 percent of the people lived east of the Appalachian Mountains.
D) most of the population lived in the eastern seaboard cities.
E) foreign visitors looked down at the roughness and crudity of the pioneering life.

Question 6

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​The United States, Spanish Louisiana, and the Old Northwest Around 1789 and Before the Louisiana Purchase 

____ Tennessee

Question 7

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​The United States, Spanish Louisiana, and the Old Northwest Around 1789 and Before the Louisiana Purchase 

____ Baltimore

Question 8

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​The United States, Spanish Louisiana, and the Old Northwest Around 1789 and Before the Louisiana Purchase 

____ ​Spanish Louisiana

Question 9

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​The United States, Spanish Louisiana, and the Old Northwest Around 1789 and Before the Louisiana Purchase 

____ Ohio

Question 10

Hamilton believed that, together, his funding and assumption programs would  

A) gain the monetary and political support of the rich for the federal government.
B) restore the principles of state sovereignty.
C) be the quickest way to pay off the national debt.
D) guarantee the fairest treatment of the original holders of government bonds.
E) keep taxes low and therefore create a feeling of loyalty to the new federal government.

Question 11

One of the major criticisms of the Constitution, as drafted in Philadelphia, was that it  

A) was too long and detailed.
B) was far too short and required more detail.
C) failed to guarantee property rights.
D) failed to provide a mechanism for amendment.
E) did not provide guarantees for individual rights.

Question 12

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​The United States, Spanish Louisiana, and the Old Northwest Around 1789 and Before the Louisiana Purchase 

____ Potomac River

Question 13

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​The United States, Spanish Louisiana, and the Old Northwest Around 1789 and Before the Louisiana Purchase 

____ Kentucky

Question 14

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​The United States, Spanish Louisiana, and the Old Northwest Around 1789 and Before the Louisiana Purchase 

____ Old Northwest

Question 15

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​The United States, Spanish Louisiana, and the Old Northwest Around 1789 and Before the Louisiana Purchase 

____ District of Columbia

Question 16

When the new government was launched in 1789  

A) the nation's population was doubling about every twenty-five years.
B) most people lived in the fast-growing cities.
C) most people lived west of the Allegheny Mountains.
D) New York was the largest city in the nation.
E) Great Britain refused to establish diplomatic relations with the United States.

Question 17

All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights except  

A) the right to vote for all citizens.
B) freedom of speech.
C) freedom of religion.
D) freedom of the press.
E) right to a trial by a jury.

Question 18

The Bill of Rights was intended to protect ____ against the potential tyranny of ____.  

A) the prerogatives of Congress, the president
B) the army and the navy, the national government
C) the South, the northern majority
D) individual liberties, a strong central government
E) civilian authorities, the military

Question 19

The ____ Amendment might rightly be called the states' rights amendment.  

A) First
B) Sixth
C) Eighth
D) Ninth
E) Tenth

Question 20

All of the following were true of Alexander Hamilton except  

A) he served as the first Secretary of the Treasury.
B) his intelligence was constantly under question, but his loyalty to the republican experiment never wavered.
C) he would have been president if it were not for his ultraconservatism, a scandalous adultery, and a duelist's bullet.
D) his chief rival was Thomas Jefferson.
E) he claimed that the "British Government was the best in the world."

Question 21

The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal government  

A) levied an excise tax on whiskey.
B) tried to prohibit the sale of whiskey.
C) allowed the import of foreign whiskey.
D) halted the export of American whiskey.
E) tried to prohibit the manufacturing of whiskey.

Question 22

Alexander Hamilton believed that a limited national debt  

A) would do great harm to the nation's economy.
B) might lead to military weakness.
C) could persuade individuals and nations not to lend money to the United States.
D) was beneficial, because people to whom the government owed money would work hard to make the nation a success.
E) could help his economic plans but not his political plans.

Question 23

Which American political group was most alarmed by the Reign of Terror that occurred in France shortly after the French Revolution of 1789?  

A) Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans
B) Hamiltonian Federalists
C) African American slaves
D) Free African Americans
E) American Indian tribes on the western frontier such as the Miamis

Question 24

The aspect of Hamilton's financial program that received the least support in Congress, because of its heavy agricultural and commercial interests, was  

A) funding at par.
B) assumption.
C) the National Bank.
D) a protective tariff.
E) excise taxes.

Question 25

During its first quarter-century as a nation, one of the most vexing problems facing America was  

A) developing and implementing a foreing policy strategy that would prevent the United States from entangling itself in the rivalry and warfare between France and Britain.
B) a lack of good political leadership.
C) the continued fighting between the United States and the Armed Neutrality League.
D) managing Indian affairs and wars throughout the country.
E) separation of church and state.

Question 26

All of the following were part of Alexander Hamilton's economic program except  

A) the creation of a national bank.
B) funding the entire national debt at par.
C) vigorous foreign trade.
D) protective tariffs.
E) paying only domestic debts but not foreign debts.

Question 27

When the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, George Washington and the American government  

A) supported Britain.
B) assisted France militarily.
C) tried to capture French possessions in North America and the West Indies.
D) remained neutral.
E) captured British possessions in North America.

Question 28

Match each political leader with his positions on public policy in the 1790s.
A.Hamilton
B.Jefferson
1)rule by the "best people" or the elites
2)pro-British
3)sympathy for agrarian interests
4)potent central government
5)reduce the national debt as quickly and as much as possible
6)government support and financial incentives for business development
7)pro-French
8)universal education of the white masses

A) A-1, 2, 4, 6⎯B-3, 5, 7, 8
B) A-1, 5, 6, 7⎯B-2, 3, 4, 8
C) A-2, 3, 5, 8⎯B-1, 4, 6, 7
D) A-3, 6, 7, 8⎯B-1, 2, 4, 5
E) A-5, 2, 6, 3⎯B-1, 4, 7, 8

Question 29

The Founders had not envisioned the existence of permanent political parties because they  

A) opposed anyone who disagreed with them.
B) were not part of the early colonial governments.
C) had existed in Britain.
D) saw them as a sign of disloyalty and lack of national unity.
E) had caused the fall of republican Rome.

Question 30

Jefferson's argument against the constitutionality of a Bank of the United States were based on the strict construction principles, especially embodied in the  

A) Articles of Confederation.
B) "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution.
C) Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.
D) Tenth Amendment in the Bill of Rights.
E) restrictions on Congress's power in Article I, section 10 of the Constitution.

Question 31

The legal basis for Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton's Bank of the United States was 

A) rejected by the House of Representatives and the Senate.
B) supported by Thomas Jefferson.
C) accepted by the bank's opponents, even if they disagreed with the goals and objectives of the bank on policy grounds.
D) based on the "necessary and proper," or "elastic," clause in the Constitution.
E) rejected by President George Washington.

Question 32

Opposition by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to the financial plan of Alexander Hamilton resulted in  

A) the formation of permanent political parties.
B) Hamilton's dismissal from the cabinet by George Washington.
C) politics drifting too far out of kilter with the wishes of the people.
D) the rejection of Hamilton's plan by Washington.
E) their dismissal from the cabinet of George Washington.

Question 33

Political opponents of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton asserted that his major economic programs infringed on  

A) constitutional guarantees ofchecks and balances of political power and authority among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the central government.
B) national security.
C) states' rights, explicitly reserved to them by pending ratification of theTenth Amendment of the Constitution.
D) free enterprise.
E) federal authority.

Question 34

As secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton's first objective was to  

A) help the wealthy.
B) bring more industry to the United States.
C) see that more agricultural products were exported.
D) bolster the national credit.
E) put the country on the gold standard.

Question 35

All of the following are true statements about the Whiskey Rebellion except  

A) backcountry pioneer folk saw whiskey not as a luxury but as an economic necessity and medium of exchange.
B) protesters felt burdened by Hamilton's economic programs.
C) President Washington responded to the Whiskey Rebellion by negotiating a peaceful resolution of the conflictwith the protestors.
D) protesters erected whiskey poles similar to liberty poles used against the Stamp Act in 1765.
E) whiskey rebels tarred and feathered revenue officers.

Question 36

The political party out of power in Congress and the executive branch of government that provided the loyal opposition to the party in power in the 1790s was the  

A) Whigs.
B) Federalists.
C) Democratic-Republicans.
D) Whigs
E) Tories.

Question 37

Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793  

A) was based on calculations of American self-interest.
B) fulfilled America's obligations under the Franco-American Treaty.
C) was opposed by both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson.
D) dealt a severe blow to French military and naval strategists.
E) had little impact on future American foreign policy.

Question 38

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A)XYZ affair, (B)Neutrality Proclamation, (C)Jay's Treaty, and (D)Kentucky and Virginia resolutions.  

A) C, B, A, D
B) B, A, C, D
C) B, C, A, D
D) C, B, D, A
E) A, B, D, C

Question 39

The formal Franco-American political and military defense alliance of 1778  

A) was ended by mutual agreement in 1789.
B) bound the United States to neutrality in the event of war between France and Britain.
C) was weakened significantly by the issuance of President Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793.
D) was invoked by the French to obtain American aid in France's war with Britain after 1793.
E) led the United States to war with Great Britain in 1812.

Question 40

Hamilton expected that the revenue to pay the interest on the national debt would come from  

A) sales taxes and licensing fees.
B) customs duties and excise tax.
C) income and property taxes.
D) western land sales and foreign loans.
E) foreign aid.

Question 41

The main purpose of the Alien Laws and Sedition Acts was to  

A) capture French and British spies.
B) control the Federalists.
C) silence and punish critics of the Federalists.
D) keep Thomas Jefferson from becoming president.
E) provide support for the Democratic-Republican party.

Question 42

The Treaty of Greenville signed in August with the Miami Confederation of Indian nations resulted in all of the following except  

A) giving to the United States vast tracts of land in the Old Northwest.
B) the anticipated recognition of the sovereign status on the Miami Confederation of Indian nations.
C) an annual annuity of $9,000 to the Indians.
D) the right of the Indians to hunt the land they had ceded.
E) fair and reasonable financial compensation to the Miamis in exchange for an iron-clad promise from the U.S. government to restrict further westward expansion along the Old Northwest frontier.

Question 43

Foreign relations between the United States and France deteriorated in the late 1790s over  

A) the deportation of Citizen Genêt.
B) French seizure of American merchant ships.
C) the adjustment of the Florida boundary.
D) America's unilateral withdrawal from the Franco-American alliance.
E) Pinckney's Treaty.

Question 44

Jay's Treaty contained all of the following provisions except  

A) a British promise to evacuate its chain of forts on U.S. soil.
B) British consent to pay damages for the recent seizure of American ships.
C) that Americans were bound to pay debts still owed to British merchants on pre-Revolutionary accounts.
D) no promise by the British to pay for future seizure of American ships.
E) a promise by the British to stop selling arms to the Indians.

Question 45

The High Federalists were  

A) politicalsupporters of Adams and were led by Hamilton.
B) political supporters of Jefferson.
C) supporters of the war faction of the Federalist party.
D) Federalists who voted for the Republicans in the election of 1800.
E) backcountry supporters of the Whiskey Rebellion living in southwestern Pennsylvania and near the Indian frontier in the Old Northwest.

Question 46

The immediate cause of the undeclared war between the United States and France was  

A) the XYZ affair.
B) the Genêt mission.
C) the Neutrality Proclamation.
D) Washington's Farewell Address.
E) Jay's Treaty.

Question 47

In Jay's Treaty, the British  

A) pledged to stop seizing American ships.
B) released Americans from their pre-Revolutionary War debt obligations to British merchants.
C) promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest.
D) refused to pay damages for seizures of American ships.
E) were denied most favored nation status.

Question 48

President Adams sought a peaceful solution to the undeclared war with France in order to  

A) ensure his chances of reelection in 1800.
B) align himself with the Hamiltonian wing of the Federalist party.
C) save the Franco-American alliance of 1778.
D) prevent the outbreak of a full-scale war.
E) keep trade with France in place.

Question 49

The 1796 presidential campaign focused heavily on  

A) the Bank of the United States.
B) the candidates' personalities.
C) slavery.
D) foreign trade.
E) real issues.

Question 50

The United States acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River, the rights of deposit at New Orleans, and the large disputed territory north of Florida in  

A) the Treaty of Greenville.
B) Jay's Treaty.
C) the Convention of 1800.
D) the Pinckney Treaty.
E) the Treaty of Paris.

Question 51

The French grew angry with the United States shortly after 1794 because  

A) of Jay's Treaty.
B) Congress appointed second-rate ambassadors.
C) of the XYZ affair.
D) John Adams had been elected president.
E) Thomas Jefferson was removed as ambassador.

Question 52

Hamilton's position on the war between Britain and France in 1793 was primarily influenced by  

A) his commitment to the Franco-American alliance of 1778.
B) the threat of British naval action against the American coast.
C) the national government's dependence on customs collections for revenue and the promotion of international trade with favored partners.
D) his personal commitment to democratic government as a world ideal.
E) his connection to the French foreign minister Citizen Edmond Genêt.

Question 53

Among the handicaps John Adams faced upon assuming the presidency were all of the following except  

A) trying to fill the popular George Washington's shoes.
B) Hamilton's hatred of him and efforts to undermine him.
C) his ambivalentpositions on the critical political, economic, and foreign policy issues of the day.
D) his demeanor as an intellectual and elite, which made him unappealing to the masses.
E) his narrow victory in his bid for office.

Question 54

Britain made neutrality very difficult for the United States during the French and British conflicts of the 1790s by  

A) granting America numerous trade privileges.
B) seizing American merchant ships in the West Indies.
C) leaving frontier outposts on American soil.
D) helping to relieve tensions between Indians and Americans.
E) blocking the major United States' seaports.

Question 55

John Jay's 1794 treaty with Britain  

A) increased George Washington's huge popularity.
B) provided further evidence of American support for France.
C) alienated America from Spain.
D) created deeper splits between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
E) led to the election of Thomas Jefferson.

Question 56

Washington's decision to retire from the presidency in 1797  

A) paved the way for Thomas Jefferson to step into the presidency.
B) established a two-term tradition for American presidents.
C) was capped off with a powerful Farewell Address, delivered before thousands of people.
D) had political leaders singing his praises for his accomplishments and dedication.
E) led England to see the fledgling nation as vulnerable.

Question 57

Washington's Farewell Address in 1796  

A) warmly endorsed the appearance of two contending political parties in America.
B) warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances.
C) was delivered to a joint session of Congress by Washington himself.
D) proposed a two-term limitation on the presidency.
E) called for the country to rally behind the political party of the Jeffersonian-Republicans.

Question 58

In the election campaign of 1796, the Democratic-Republicans made their primary issue  

A) the content of Washington's Farewell Address.
B) Washington's refusal to consult Congress before issuing the Neutrality Proclamation.
C) the terms of Jay's Treaty and the crushing of the Whiskey Rebellion.
D) the terms of the Pinckney Treaty.
E) Alexander Hamilton's idea for a national bank.

Question 59

The United States finally negotiated a peace settlement with France in 1800 mainly because Napoleon  

A) had also reached a peace agreement with Britain.
B) wanted to concentrate on gaining more power and territory in Europe.
C) realized that the French could not win a military victory over the American forces.
D) had been convinced by the Democratic-Republican pleas for cooperation.
E) had been removed from power.

Question 60

One of George Washington's most significant contributions as president was  

A) keeping the nation out of foreign wars.
B) the signing of Jay's Treaty.
C) his advice against forming permanent alliances with foreign nations.
D) securing a pledge from Britain to stop arming Indians on the western lands.
E) establishing the political party system.

Question 61

Thomas Jefferson appealed to all of the following groups except  

A) small shopkeepers.
B) small yeoman farmers.
C) the middle class.
D) manufacturers.
E) artisans.

Question 62

Which of ​the following elements represent Democratic-Republican (Jeffersonian)political features?  

A) A​pro-British foreign policy
B) ​A preference for promoting agricultural interests over manufacturers
C) ​Viewing the national debt as major problem that should be reduced
D) ​Favoring a powerful central bank
E) ​A protective tariff

Question 63

Thomas Jefferson argued that the emergence of a large landless class of white citizens could be avoided in part by  

A) a redistribution of land.
B) a reduced property tax.
C) abolishing the property qualification to vote.
D) continuing slavery.
E) restricting the amount of property owned by each citizen.

Question 64

Jeffersonian Republicans favored a political system in which  

A) the central government possessed the bulk of the power.
B) cities were the primary focus of political activity.
C) a large standing army ensured peace.
D) the states retained the majority of political power.
E) manufacturing interests dominated.

Question 65

The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were written in response to  

A) the XYZ affair.
B) Thomas Jefferson's presidential candidacy in 1800.
C) the Alien and Sedition Acts.
D) the compact theory of government.
E) the Federalist papers.

Question 66

Jefferson asserted landlessness threatened democracy as much as illiteracy because  

A) poorer people would not have the means to travel the long distances to the polls to vote.
B) he feared that those without property could become political pawns of those who owned land.
C) he feared an uprising of the landless, leading to mobocracy.
D) only people with land had the means to obtain the education needed to be good citizens.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 67

To the Jeffersonian Republicans, the ideal citizen of a republic was a(n)  

A) seaboard merchant.
B) town artisan.
C) indentured servant.
D) independent farmer.
E) industrialist.

Question 68

The Federalist-dominated Congress enacted the Alien Laws, which were aimed at ____; whereas, the Sedition Act was primarily aimed at ____.  

A) rebellious slaves; Jeffersonian newspapers and other outspoken political opponents of the Federalists
B) recent immigrants; Jeffersonian newspapers and other outspoken political opponents of the Federalists
C) recent immigrants; merchants
D) merchant smuggling; rebellious slaves
E) Indians; farmers

Question 69

The Sedition Act  

A) threatened First Amendment freedoms of speech and press.
B) established criteria for deporting dangerous foreigners.
C) changed naturalization requirements for new citizens.
D) was never enforced.
E) was found by the Supreme Court to be unconstitutional.

Question 70

For its continued success, Hamilton's financial program relied heavily on  

A) foreign trade with Britain and Europe.
B) removal of the Spanish from the Mississippi Valley.
C) aid from France.
D) retiring the national debt.
E) high taxes.

Question 71

As a result of the Sedition Acts,  

A) illegal immigrants were deported.
B) newspaper editors critical of the Adams administration were indicted, tried, convicted, and sent to jail.
C) many Americans, staging political protests, found their Constitutional right to peaceful assembly was violated.
D) the nation implemented its first military draft.
E) citizens' rights to trial by jury were suspended.

Question 72

Jeffersonian Republicans believed in all of the following except  

A) opposition to a national debt.
B) agriculture as the ideal occupation.
C) every adult white male's right to vote.
D) freedom of speech.
E) central authority should be kept to a minimum.

Question 73

Federalists advocated rule by  

A) the majority.
B) elites uninfluenced by the informed masses or "the best people."
C) farmers.
D) industrial workers.
E) native-born citizens only.

Question 74

According to the compact theory advocated by Jefferson and Madison  

A) the national government was the creation of the thirteen sovereign states.
B) nullification was an invalid policy.
C) the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were illegal.
D) legislation such as the Alien and Sedition Acts was proper.
E) individuals, not the states, created the federal government.

Question 75

According many Federalists, the duty of judging the unconstitutionality of legislation passed by Congress lay with  

A) state legislatures.
B) the president.
C) state supreme courts.
D) the Supreme Court.
E) the people.

Question 76

Assess how and the extent to which the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 and the French Revolution of 1789 influenced the emerging stark political differences between the Federalist and Democratic-Republican political parties in the 1790s.

Question 77

Federalists strongly supported  

A) law and order.
B) states' rights.
C) strict construction of the Constitution.
D) popular democracy.
E) a weak military.

Question 78

Compare and contrast loose (broad)constructionism and strict constructionism in analyzing the scope of the constitutional powers to tax, to regulate trade, and to create the Bank of the United States.What is the textual basis of support in the Constitution for each legal viewpoint?

Question 79

​Which of the following laws, resolutions, and treaties were enacted by the Federalist Congress in 1798 in an effort to muzzle politically their Jeffersonian opponents?  

A) ​The Alien Laws
B) ​The Sedition Act
C) ​The Convention of 1800
D) ​The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
E) ​Jay's Treaty

Question 80

Hamiltonian Federalists advocated  

A) a preference for promoting agriculture over manufacturing in the United States.
B) a strong central grovernment.
C) a full-blown democracy.
D) strong ties with France.
E) a low national debt.