Deck 22: The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What statement is accurate concerning the description of the heart's endocardium layer?

A) Thick, strong muscles making up the middle layer
B) Thin outer layer of the cardiac wall
C) A membrane lining the heart's interior wall
D) Outermost layer anchoring the heart

Answer 1

A membrane lining the heart's interior wall

Question 2

Which layer of the heart comprises the strongest, thickest layer?

A) Myocardium
B) Endocardium
C) Pericardium
D) Tunica media

Answer 2

Myocardium

Question 3

What statement accurately describes the structure of the tunica intima layer of a cardiac blood vessel?

A) This layer is composed of connective tissues and nerve cells, as well as nutrient capillaries in larger vessels.
B) This layer contains the thickest elastic fibers, as well as connective tissue composed of polysaccharides.
C) This layer protects the outside of the vessel.
D) This layer is the thinnest-a single layer of simple squamous endothelium held together by an intercellular matrix.

Answer 3

This layer is the thinnest-a single layer of simple squamous endothelium held together by an intercellular matrix.

Question 4

What layer of a vein contains the thickest elastic fibers, as well as connective tissue?

A) Tunica intima
B) Tunica adventitia
C) Tunica media
D) Tunica matrix.

Question 5

What statements demonstrate a correct understanding about the four chambers into which the heart is divided? Select all that apply.

A) The interior of the heart is divided into two chambers.
B) The thin-walled, low-pressure chambers are the receiving centers for blood.
C) Ventricles are high-pressure chambers because they pump blood out of the heart.
D) The left ventricle is the thickest chamber and it pumps blood to the rest of the body.
E) Each side of the heart has an atrium and a ventricle

Question 6

A nurse is explaining to a client the physiology of the heart with reference to the cardiac valves. Which statement by the client demonstrates the correct understanding of the function of the cardiac valves?

A) "They contract with sufficient force to pump blood."
B) "They act as receiving centers for blood."
C) "They divide the heart into right and left sides."
D) "They keep blood to flow in one direction only."

Question 7

What is the correct sequence that occurs during the process of blood flowing through the body beginning at the heart?
1) It travels through the mitral valves and into the left ventricle.
2) Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
3) Blood enters the pulmonary artery and lungs, where it receives oxygen.
4) It moves on through the pulmonic valve during ventricular contraction
5) The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus
6) It returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins

A) 2, 3, 4, 6, 1, 5
B) 4, 3, 6, 5, 1, 2
C) 5, 2, 4, 3, 6, 1
D) 6, 4, 2, 5, 3, 1

Question 8

Which statements demonstrate the correct understanding of the function of the heart's arteries and veins? Select all that apply.

A) The right coronary artery supplies the heart muscle with blood.
B) The left coronary artery supplies the heart muscle with blood.
C) The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood.
D) The pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated blood.
E) The pericardial muscle is oxygenated by the coronary vessels

Question 9

Events in the cardiac cycle create recognizable heart sounds. What information should the nurse provide the client about the first heart sound?

A) Produced by the closure of the AV valves when the ventricles contract
B) Produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves when the ventricles relax
C) Produced when ventricular filling creates audible vibrations during the silent diastolic phase
D) Produced from turbulent blood flow through the heart's chambers and valves

Question 10

What term is used to identify the sound that results from the turbulent blood flow through the heart's chambers and valves?

A) ^{First heart sound (S}1⁾
B) ^{Second heart sound (S}2⁾
C) Gallop
D) Murmur

Question 11

What information should the nurse include in a discussion focusing on describing cardiac output?

A) It is the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in 1 minute
B) Normally cardiac output is between 2 and 4 L/minute
C) It is the volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat
D) It is the amount of pressure or stretching force against the ventricular wall

Question 12

Which response by the client demonstrates the correct understanding of what the number 80 in the blood pressure 120/80 represents?

A) "It means my blood pressure is good."
B) "It means my heart is beating 80 per minute."
C) "It's the force my heart creates when it's contracting."
D) "It's the force in my heart's ventricles when they relax."

Question 13

Based on the changes in the cardiovascular system caused by aging, what is the most likely reason an older adult is at an increased risk for a heart block that requires an electrical pacemaker?

A) Calcification of vessel walls
B) Lipid accumulation in the cardiovascular system
C) Decreased fibers in the bundle of His
D) Decreased number of pacemaker cells in the SA node

Question 14

What is an internal process that attempts to maintain blood pressure within normal limits?

A) Special sensory receptors in blood vessel walls called baroreceptors are stimulated.
B) The arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood will increase in size.
C) The right and left coronary arteries divide into smaller branches over the surface.
D) Blood moves on through the heart valve during contraction to enter lungs.

Question 15

What is measured when taking a blood pressure (BP)?

A) Pressure of blood within the veins
B) Pressure of blood within the arteries
C) Pressure of blood within the heart
D) Pressure of blood within the lungs

Question 16

The volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat, depends on:

A) the preload and afterload factors.
B) influence of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
C) ventricular filling with audible vibrations.
D) rhythmic expansion of arterial walls.

Question 17

What are the processes in the conduction system of the heart that stimulate the heart to beat?

A) The cardiac cycle consisting of the contraction and relaxation
B) The formation, transmission, and coordination of electrical impulses
C) The force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels
D) The amount of pressure against the ventricular wall at end diastole

Question 18

Why are systemic veins and venules called "blood reservoirs"?

A) The branches of veins grow larger and larger as they near the heart.
B) The total length of blood vessels in the body is about 60,000 miles.
C) The normal amount of blood pumped is 4 to 6 L in 1 minute.
D) They house approximately 60% of the body's blood volume at rest.

Question 19

What is the cause of the visible black and blue marks that result from traumatic injuries?

A) Ruptured capillaries containing cellular waste products
B) Constriction and dilation of the arterioles diameters
C) Holding of large volumes of blood under high pressures
D) Reversible cell injury owing to decreased blood and oxygen

Question 20

What explanation should the nurse provide when discussing the function of arteries?

A) They serve as a capacitance vessels for blood
B) They support the exchange oxygen and nutrients with body cells
C) They return systemic blood back into the heart's right atrium
D) They carry oxygenated blood to the body cells