Deck 27: The Urinary System

Question 1

The nurse is reviewing the organs and functions of the urinary system with a client who is to have bladder surgery. What information should the nurse give to the client about the function of the urinary bladder?

A) Excretes wastes from the blood, balances body fluids, and forms urine
B) Conducts urine from the bladder to the outside of the body for elimination
C) Serves as a reservoir for urine
D) Conducts urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Answer 1

Serves as a reservoir for urine

Question 2

What is the function of the loop of Henle?

A) Filters water, wastes (urea), glucose, and salts out of the blood
B) Glucose, amino acids, and salts are actively transported across membranes and returned to the blood
C) Concentrates salts by reabsorbing water
D) Reabsorbs sodium, water, and the remainder of glucose

Answer 2

Concentrates salts by reabsorbing water

Question 3

What is the function of ADH in the maintenance of the body's homeostasis?

A) Assists in regulation of water balance
B) Important in blood pressure regulation
C) Promotes sodium and water retention
D) Increases kidney filtration and blood flow

Answer 3

Assists in regulation of water balance

Question 4

What is the function of renin?

A) Assists in regulation of water balance
B) Important in blood pressure regulation
C) Promotes sodium and water retention
D) Increases kidney filtration and blood flow

Question 5

Which condition results in insufficient production of erythropoietin?

A) Hypoxia
B) Cardiac disorders
C) End-stage renal disease
D) Anemia

Question 6

What is the function of aldosterone?

A) Assists in regulation of water balance
B) Important in blood pressure regulation
C) Promotes sodium and water retention
D) Increases kidney filtration and blood flow

Question 7

The mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone responds to which levels of electrolytes? Select all that apply.

A) Low levels of calcium
B) Low levels of sodium
C) High levels of chloride
D) High levels of potassium
E) Low level of potassium

Question 8

What is the function of the afferent arterioles?

A) Brings highly oxygenated blood to the kidneys
B) Supplies blood to the glomeruli
C) Carries blood away from the glomeruli
D) Empties blood into the inferior vena cava

Question 9

What is the function of tubular secretion?

A) Process of removing particles from a solution by allowing the liquid solvent to pass across a barrier
B) Movement of wastes across glomeruli into Bowman's capsule
C) Reabsorption of most small proteins and peptides
D) Process by which substances move from blood into the urine

Question 10

The nurse is reviewing the chemical difference between plasma, glomerular filtrate, and urine with a group of nursing students. What components are involved in glomerular filtrate? Select all that apply.

A) Blood cells
B) Protein
C) Glucose
D) Urea
E) Water

Question 11

The nurse is reviewing the difference between micturition and incontinence with a client. Which statement accurately explains the process of micturition?

A) The maximum of urine in the bladder
B) Waking up at night to void
C) Involuntary voiding on actions such as sneezing and coughing
D) Release of urine from the body

Question 12

Which specific gravity of a urine sample confirms the presences of dehydration?

A) 1.015
B) 1.020
C) 1.025
D) 1.030

Question 13

The client has been drinking 5,000 mL of fluid a day to attempt to flush a kidney stone. Based on this information, which specific gravity is most likely?

A) 1.005
B) 1.010
C) 1.015
D) 1.020

Question 14

The nurse needs to consider the effects of aging on the urinary system. What nursing interventions are related to the effect of ageing on the urinary system? Select all that apply.

A) Monitoring the fluid intake and urinary output.
B) Assessing the client for dehydration.
C) Allowing one hour between the last fluid intake and bedtime.
D) Keeping a nightlight on to make nighttime bathroom visits safe.
E) Assessing the client for edema.

Question 15

Which is the proper sequence for the pathway of urine in the kidney?
1) Afferent arteriole
2) Proximal convoluted tubule
3) Loop of Henle
4) Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
5) Distal convoluted tubule
6) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
7) Collecting duct system

A) 1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
B) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1, 7, 6
C) 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 6, 7
D) 4, 1, 2, 5, 6, 3, 7

Question 16

Which are functions of the kidneys? Select all that apply.

A) Waste removal
B) Regulation of electrolytes by excretion
C) ^{Conversion of vitamin B}12 ^{to a useful form}
D) Maintenance of acid-base, and fluid and electrolyte balance
E) Regulation of electrolytes and reabsorption

Question 17

A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic nephropathy. The nurse should monitor the client for which urinary complication?

A) Increased incidence of urinary incontinence
B) Concentrated urine
C) Low blood pressure
D) Urinary retention

Question 18

A nurse is caring for a client with history of nocturia who is confined to bed. What intervention should be implemented for this client?

A) Ensure fluid restriction during the day.
B) Have client refrain from drinking cranberry juice.
C) Assist the client in using incontinence pads.
D) Offer the bedpan frequently.

Question 19

Which factor could result in stress incontinence?

A) Reduced bladder capacity
B) Decreased urine formation
C) Reduced renal blood flow
D) Loss of muscle tone

Question 20

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A) Secretes aldosterone
B) Promotes water retention
C) Regulates blood pressure
D) Produces erythropoietin