Deck 50: Endocrine Systems

Question 1

All of the following hormones are lipids derived from cholesterol EXCEPT

A) melatonin.
B) estradiol.
C) cortisol.
D) aldosterone.
E) testosterone.

Answer 1

melatonin.

Question 2

Which of the following is likely NOT to be a mechanism for controlling hormone levels in the blood?

A) Alter the rate of synthesis and subsequent release of hormone into the blood.
B) Change the rate at which an enzyme produces the hormone.
C) Modify the structure of the hormone at its point of production so it no longer binds its receptor.
D) Alter the rate at which the hormone is removed from the blood.
E) Change the rate at which the hormone is excreted into the urine.

Answer 2

Modify the structure of the hormone at its point of production so it no longer binds its receptor.

Question 3

Which of the following is an amine hormone important in the stress response in vertebrates?

A) dopamine
B) melatonin
C) cortisol
D) epinephrine
E) serotonin

Answer 3

epinephrine

Question 4

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulates

A) follicle-stimulating hormone.
B) luteinizing hormone.
C) steroid production by the gonads.
D) both follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones.
E) both follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones as well as steroid production by the gonads.

Question 5

Which hormone regulates milk production in mammals and salt and water balance in other vertebrates?

A) growth hormone
B) prolactin
C) thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) adrenocorticotropic hormone
E) luteinizing hormone

Question 6

Goiter is a disease characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland. Which of the following either leads to or is an outcome of the disease?

A) iodine deficiency in the diet
B) reduced levels of T₃ in the blood
C) reduced levels of T₄ in the blood
D) excessive thyroid-stimulating hormone production
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

A person who has a constant need to eat may show impaired secretion of or response to

A) growth hormone
B) insulin
C) thyroid hormone
D) leptin
E) thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 8

Which hormone requires iodine for its proper function and in excess will increase metabolic rate?

A) cortisol
B) growth hormone
C) insulin
D) thyroid hormone
E) atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 9

What two hormones secreted from the pancreas maintain glucose homeostasis in vertebrates?

A) insulin and glucagon
B) epinephrine and glucagon
C) epinephrine and insulin
D) cortisol and glucagon
E) cortisol and insulin

Question 10

The pathological disorders associated with type I diabetes results from the inability to

A) produce pancreatic insulin.
B) counteract rises in blood glucose levels.
C) counteract drops in blood glucose levels.
D) produce pancreatic insulin to counteract rises in blood glucose levels.
E) produce pancreatic insulin to counteract drops in blood glucose levels.

Question 11

When blood sodium levels fall, which hormone promotes sodium retention by the kidney in mammals?

A) cortisol
B) aldosterone
C) estrogen
D) antidiuretic hormone
E) testosterone

Question 12

What might occur if blood calcium levels rise?

A) Blood parathyroid hormone levels would decrease.
B) Blood parathyroid hormone levels would increase.
C) Blood vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D) would be stimulated.
D) Blood calcium levels are not under control by hormones.
E) Vitamin D would be converted to vitamin E.

Question 13

Which hormones are likely to counteract each other in sodium homeostasis?

A) parathyroid hormone and atrial natriuretic peptide
B) atrial natriuretic petide and aldosterone
C) aldosterone and cortisol
D) atrial natriuretic peptide and cortisol
E) antidiuretic hormone and cortisol

Question 14

Which hormone is inhibited by hypothalamic somatostatin and can be used to treat short stature in children?

A) insulin-like growth factor I
B) testosterone
C) estradiol
D) cortisol
E) growth hormone

Question 15

Which hormone induces male secondary sex characteristics and when used excessively could lead to overly aggressive behavior.

A) estradiol
B) progesterone
C) testosterone
D) cortisol
E) growth hormone

Question 16

Which hormone is involved in maintaining the gamete or egg cell in females?

A) estradiol
B) progesterone
C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone
D) follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

The primary hormone producing organ important to the "fight-or-flight" response is the

A) thyroid gland.
B) adrenal gland.
C) gonad.
D) heart.
E) pituitary gland.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true of a stress or "fight-or-flight" response?

A) Energy stores such as adipose tissue and glycogen are broken down to mobilize fatty acids and glucose.
B) The heart rate increases and airways are dilated to promote maximum oxygen intake.
C) Elevations in cortisol are needed to increase glucose.
D) Catabolic hormones are activated.
E) Leptin levels are increased to enhance appetite.

Question 19

Based on phylogenetic analyses of the mineralcorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors and the presence or absence of their ligands (glucocorticoids and aldosterone) in certain vertebrates, it would appear that hormones always evolve prior to their receptors.

Question 20

It would be reasonable to assume that environmental cues such as photoperiod and temperature might regulate animal reproduction.

Question 21

If blood sodium levels rise sharply above normal limits the heart will release more atrial natriuretic peptide.

Question 22

Glucocorticoids (i.e., cortisol, prednisolone, dexamethasone) have a diverse number of functions. They include glucose mobilization during stress, development of lung tissue, and therapies to reduce inflammation.

Question 23

Metamorphosis in flatfishes and in amphibians is controlled by growth hormone.