Deck 4: Language Development and Disorders: Exploring Approaches, Milestones, and Challenges

Question 1

Six- year- old Stacey has a serious language delay as a sole impairment. To help Stacey with her language, the BEST approach to use is

A) a natural setting such as the general classroom.
B) a syntax- based program taught in the regular classroom.
C) a remedial program based on time and drill.
D) a diagnostic- prescriptive approach in a clinic setting.
E) an interpersonal- interactive approach.

Answer 1

a natural setting such as the general classroom.

Question 2

A Father says to his 16 month old son, "Get your shoe."If the child is following the stages of normal language development, he is likely to

A) not understand the direction.
B) get his shoe.
C) ignore his father.
D) imitate the sentence in parrot fashion.
E) get a toy.

Answer 2

get his shoe.

Question 3

When a teacher has a child with a language disorder in the classroom, the teacher should

A) ask questions that require only a yes or no answer.
B) insist that the child take part in all oral language activities.
C) speak very slowly with much overenunciation so that the child will understand.
D) use an FM communication device.
E) present new words with incidental teaching and in a variety of different contexts.

Answer 3

present new words with incidental teaching and in a variety of different contexts.

Question 4

Chris is a first- born baby who has been carefully nurtured by his mother. He has been cooing for some time, and is now starting to use consanants. It appears likely that Chris's age is approaching

A) 9 months.
B) 18 months.
C) 12 months.
D) 3 months.
E) 6 months.

Question 5

Six- year old Mark has a restricted vocabulary and many mispronunciations in his speech, especially with the "th", "s", and "zh"sounds. When Mark's mother and his teacher discuss the problems, the mother wants Mark referred for individual speech therapy. The teacher is reluctant to accept this suggestion and explains why. Which one of the teacher's explanations is INCORRECT?

A) children are eight years of age before they acquire all the sounds of English
B) in young children, mispronunciations are common
C) Mark is too young for remediation
D) Mark is showing only minor delays, not deviations in his speech and language development, and should catch up
E) language and speech are best learned in a natural setting where Mark can model his peers

Question 6

Prevalence estimates in the field of speech and language disorders are difficult. One reason for this is

A) researchers often disagree on the definition and classification of speech and language delays and disorders.
B) children in other categories of exceptionality rarely show speech delays but they often have language disorders which muddy prevalence figures.
C) many terms are used to describe language delays and disorders although terminology in the area of speech disorders is fairly clear- cut.
D) health statistics are unreliable.
E) although we can clearly define the different types of speech disorders, language disorders remain controversial and ambiguous.

Question 7

The French physician Jean Marc Gaspard Itard intervened with Victor because

A) he was superstitious about Bastille Day.
B) he was required to do so by the French government.
C) he wanted to prove that mental retardation was not open to environmental modification.
D) he was searching for a cure for mutism.
E) he believed that Victor was mentally retarded and could be humanized by appropriate environmental conditions.

Question 8

Grammatical approaches to teaching language can be associated with

A) semantic deficits.
B) lisping.
C) a problem with pragmatics.
D) syntactic disorders.
E) articulation disorders.

Question 9

According to the research, English speakers talk at an average rate of____ words per minute.

A) 100
B) 125
C) 75
D) 90
E) 150

Question 10

The story of Victor is important in the study of language acquisition and development because it shows that

A) children with mental retardation such as Victor are far slower than others in developing language.
B) there are critical periods for language development and children who miss these periods do not later develop language fully.
C) children who are abused or neglected face many difficulties in language development.
D) environmental deprivation is not as important in language development as are intellectual disabilities.
E) language acquisition is hereditary.

Question 11

Lily has a speech disorder resulting from cerebral palsy, which is a disability caused by damage to the motor areas of the brain. Given Lily's condition, the type of speech disorder she demonstrates is most likely to be

A) dysarthria.
B) voice disorder.
C) phonological disorder.
D) elective mutism.
E) dysfluency.

Question 12

Michael is 10 years of age. He has always seemed to be lagging in speech and language development. However, it now appears that when compared to his peers, the problems are becoming more obvious. Michael omits sounds, substitutes his own words and sounds, and generally distorts pronunciations. It's likely that Michael suffers from

A) cluttering.
B) mutism.
C) phonological difficulties.
D) dysfluency.
E) an articulation disorder.

Question 13

Stuttering can be described as

A) a nervous reaction.
B) a language disorder.
C) a condition invariably caused by chronic emotional problems.
D) a disturbance in the rhythm and fluency of speech.
E) the most common type of speech disorder.

Question 14

Which of the following assumptions is INCORRECT? A natural environment is the most appropriate setting for the assessment and training of language because

A) generalization is easier in natural contexts.
B) language acquisition takes place best in the peace and serenity of natural surroundings.
C) language is learned in a social context.
D) language learned in natural contexts is sure to be functional.
E) language is best taught through naturally occurring events.

Question 15

When learning to read, students with language disorders generally

A) mispronounce "th" words.
B) have difficulties in reading.
C) read well, but spell poorly.
D) tend to be above average in reading.
E) achieve normally in reading.

Question 16

The ability to produce sound is

A) modulation.
B) articulation.
C) syntax.
D) vocalization.
E) pragmatics.

Question 17

Typically, infants in the neonatal period initially produce

A) cooing and lalling.
B) cluttering.
C) duplicated babbling, stuttering, and lalling.
D) cooing and simple babbling.
E) reflexive cries and involuntary sounds.

Question 18

Of the following components of language, which continues to develop over an individual's lifetime?

A) morphology
B) pragmatics
C) semantics
D) phonology
E) syntax

Question 19

A child who says, "I pwayed a twick on you,"is demonstrating an articulation disorder characterized by

A) presuppositions.
B) substitutions.
C) omissions.
D) distortions.
E) additions.

Question 20

Almost all children babble. However, early babbling may not be present in children with

A) schizophrenia and mild intellectual disabilities.
B) moderate intellectual disabilities and severe visual problems.
C) autism and neurological disorders.
D) multiple disabilities.
E) deafness and Down syndrome.

Question 21

Children's language passes through predictable stages. Typically, the prepositions that children acquire first

A) are "in" and "on."
B) are "before" and "after."
C) are "under" and "over."
D) are "to" and "from."
E) depend on the child.

Question 22

Jude loves to sing along with the class but his singing is characterized by sudden breaks in pitch, loudness, and other problems. Jude may have a _ disorder.

A) dysfluency
B) dysarthriatic
C) phonological
D) hearing
E) voice

Question 23

Which of the following does NOT specifically refer to speech disorders?

A) articulation problems are often present
B) voice production may be disturbed
C) fluency may be affected
D) rapid stumbling speech with glaring omissions
E) syntactic and semantic problems are manifested

Question 24

The ability to form specific sounds is

A) syntax.
B) modulation.
C) pragmatics.
D) vocalization.
E) articulation.

Question 25

The stage at which normally developing children use single- word utterances lasts from about

A) 19 to 24 months.
B) 3 to 6 months.
C) 24 to 36 months.
D) 9 to 19 months.
E) 36 to 48 months.

Question 26

The most common type of speech disorder is

A) mild aphasia.
B) acute stuttering.
C) voice quality.
D) articulation.
E) delayed speech.

Question 27

Dysfluency or stuttering is classified as a

A) language disorder.
B) speech disorder.
C) language delay.
D) syntax disorder.
E) speech delay.

Question 28

A child who has a normal, but slower pattern of language development demonstrates

A) different language.
B) low intelligence.
C) delayed language.
D) deviant language.
E) nonverbal language.

Question 29

Voice disorders are characterized by deviations of

A) pitch, quality, and loudness.
B) phonology and quality.
C) pitch and loudness.
D) pitch only.
E) fluency.

Question 30

The general goal of all language programs is

A) to improve linguistic competence.
B) to screen for children with defective language.
C) to demonstrate the efficacy of a particular approach.
D) to improve reading skills and skills in written language.
E) to provide children with perfect speech and language.

Question 31

Chris is a first- born baby whose mother has nurtured him carefully. He has been cooing for some time, and is now starting to use some consonants. It's likely that Chris's age is

A) 9- 12 months.
B) 18- 24 months.
C) 6- 8 months.
D) 3- 4 months.
E) 12- 15 months.

Question 32

Researchers and practitioners have difficulty estimating numbers of children with language difficulties because

A) privacy policies prevent collecting statistics.
B) confusion surrounds definitional and classification systems.
C) parents are reluctant to allow their child to be labelled.
D) a child can never be identified as language disordered if other disabilities are present.
E) there is a shortage of speech therapists. .

Question 33

A ___ ____ is a type of orofacial defect.

Question 34

____is the most common speech dysfluency problem.

Question 35

Studies indicate that students with ____ ____ anomalies are two to three times more likely than their peers to have parent and teacher reports of behavioural problems when they enter school.

Question 36

If children have difficulty in understanding and using language in the early grades,____ is the subject in which they will meet the greatest barriers.

Question 37

In English there are about _____different phonemes.

Question 38

The term____ describes emotionally disturbed children who do not speak.

Question 39

The repair of physical anomalies such as a cleft lip is referred to as _____ surgery.

Question 40

Denise has a serious accident and is in a coma for a few days. She discovers that she hasserious difficulties understanding what people say and even greater problems in formulating responses. Denise's language problems are referred to as____ .

Question 41

To improve Victor's visual, auditory, and motor skills, Jean Marc Gaspard Itard used an approach founded on ____ .

Question 42

Children with language delays will generally demonstrate lags but still progress toward normal language development.

Question 43

As a general rule, language- disordered children require structured and systematic intervention.

Question 44

In language acquisition and development, the sentence emerges at about the 13- 18 month mark.

Question 45

Arthur has problems comprehending language. He probably has a receptive language defect.

Question 46

Morphology is concerned with the rules that apply to language use in situational contexts.

Question 47

When examining prevalence figures for language disabilities, about two- thirds of all cases are boys.

Question 48

Identify some of the family variables and possible reactions associated with having a childwith speech and language difficulties.

Question 49

Explain what is meant by the term metalinguistics.

Question 50

Provide a definition for the term emergent literacy.

Question 51

Compare and contrast the difference(s) between holophrasic speech and telegraphic speech.

Question 52

List four approaches that a teacher can take in the classroom to assist a child with an expressive language delay.

Question 53

Compare and contrast language delays and language disorders. Provide examples.

Question 54

Explain the difference(s) between assessing language problems as opposed to speech problems.

Question 55

Describe and discuss four examples of strategies used in a natural approach to language intervention with language- disordered students.