Deck 1: Drug Use: An Overview

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the term "drug dependence"?

A) It is the use of a substance in a manner, amounts, or situations such that the drug use causes problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring.
B) It is drug use that is not common within a social group and that is disapproved of by the majority, causing members of the group to take corrective action when it occurs.
C) It refers to a state in which an individual uses a drug so frequently and consistently that it appears that it would be difficult for the person to get along without using the drug.
D) It refers to the use of prescribed drugs in greater amounts than, or for purposes other than, those prescribed by a physician or dentist.

Answer 1

It refers to a state in which an individual uses a drug so frequently and consistently that it appears that it would be difficult for the person to get along without using the drug.

Question 2

Which of the following is a limitation of the survey questionnaire studies on drug use among adolescents and young adults?

A) The sample sizes used for research studies are too small.
B) This technique can be used only on students who are in classrooms.
C) The researchers who conduct these studies tend to be biased.
D) The results do not reflect trends in drug use over time due to fluctuating tendencies to overreport or underreport drug use.

Answer 2

This technique can be used only on students who are in classrooms.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of the relationships between substance use and various indicators of individual differences in personality variables?

A) Large-scale survey studies of substance use in the general population have strong correlations with most traditional personality traits.
B) Correlational studies of long-term substance use among young adults have shown a strong link between poor academic performances and substance use.
C) Various ways of measuring a factor called impulsivity can be correlated with rates of substance use in the general population.
D) Personality factors play a big role in whether someone decides to try alcohol or marijuana but a small role in whether that use develops into a serious problem.

Answer 3

Various ways of measuring a factor called impulsivity can be correlated with rates of substance use in the general population.

Question 4

Which of the following statements defines the term "antecedents"?

A) They are characteristics that predict later initiation of drug use.
B) They are variables that are statistically related to some other variables, such as drug use.
C) They are substances that cause one to escalate to more deviant forms of drug use.
D) They are those forms of drug use that are not considered either normal or acceptable by the society at large.

Question 5

In the context of drug use, which of the following statements is true of gateway substances?

A) The order of use of gateway substances determines the rate of deterioration of dopamine neurons in the mesolimbic pathway in the brain.
B) Most people who use gateway substances go on to become cocaine users.
C) Their use is the cause of later illicit drug use among young people and school students.
D) Their use is an early indicator of the basic pattern of deviant behavior resulting from a variety of psychosocial risk factors.

Question 6

________ means that, everything else being equal, each time one takes the drug one increases slightly the probability that he or she will take it again.

A) Reinforcement
B) Altered perception
C) Deviant drug use
D) Drug misuse

Question 7

Michelle is an engineering graduate. She tried cocaine at a friend's party, and it gave her an altered state of consciousness. She gradually became a regular user of the substance. With every use, she increased the chance of using the substance again. Identify this process of repeated use.

A) Drug misuse
B) Correlation
C) Deviant drug use
D) Reinforcement

Question 8

In the context of substance use, addiction refers to cases in which people have struggled to control drug use and have suffered serious negative consequences from that use.

Question 9

It appears that the highest rates of use of alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs in the United States occurred from about 1978-1979.

Question 10

The Monitoring the Future study, conducted by the University of Michigan, allows one to see changes over time in the rates of drug use.

Question 11

It is obviously important for us to monitor which illicit drugs are widely used and whether their use is increasing or decreasing. Describe the most important sources of information we have about drug use in the United States and the major limitations of that kind of information.