Deck 5: Growing up

Question 1

An article in Newsweek argues that the field of child development has become obsolete because:

A) it contradicts our traditional psychological approach
B) girls face distinct challenges during childhood
C) the field of child development is replaced by lifespan development
D) the field became multi-disciplinary

Answer 1

girls face distinct challenges during childhood

Question 2

According to Freud, boys achieve morality during the phallic stage, when their castration anxiety forces them to identify with their fathers and adopt their social values. Since girls do no experience castration anxiety, this implies that they:

A) develop a vaguer concept of morality than boys
B) develop a complex type of morality, inferior to those of boys
C) identify with their mothers but fail to learn their values
D) all of the above

Answer 2

develop a vaguer concept of morality than boys

Question 3

One of the main criticisms of psychoanalytical theory is overwhelming evidence that:

A) castration anxiety is not universal
B) castration anxiety is similar to boys as well as girls
C) punishment leads to morality
D) punishment does not produce children with high moral values

Answer 3

punishment does not produce children with high moral values

Question 4

The developmental theory that emphasizes the role of the child in her or his own socialization is:

A) social learning theory
B) psychoanalytic theory
C) cognitive development perspective
D) cognitive behavioral theory

Question 5

If you hear someone claim that children learn by imitation, it is safe to assume that this person has adopted a_________________ perspective

A) social learning perspective
B) psychoanalytic perspective
C) cognitive development perspective
D) cognitive perspective

Question 6

According to Piaget, when the child learns the concept of intentionality, the child is at the

A) heteronymous stage
B) autonomous stage
C) preconventional level
D) postconventional level

Question 7

According to Kohlberg, a person does not pass a red light when driving because that person is concerned about social order. This person is at the

A) conventional level
B) preconventional level
C) postconventional level
D) operational level

Question 8

According to Gilligan, females' morality is guided by:

A) an empathetic understanding of person, context, and situation
B) personal autonomy
C) internalized set of rules that is applicable in all situations
D) their own value system

Question 9

Kohlberg is to Gilligan as_______________ to__________________

A) friendship perspective; sensitivity perspective
B) sensitivity perspective; friendship perspective
C) justice perspective; care perspective
D) care perspective; justice perspective

Question 10

Children diagnosed with "gender identity disorder" display the following:

A) often wish to belong to the other sex
B) show affective and cognitive gender confusion
C) actively avoid gender role behaviors associated with their own sex
D) all of the above

Question 11

Gender schemas provide the individual knowledge structures that categorize gender according to

A) physical appearances of females and males
B) typical interests and activities
C) personality traits
D) all of the above

Question 12

Fagot, Leinbach & O'Doul (1992) found that increased father participation in childrearing during the preschool and elementary school years was found to

A) contribute to more nontraditional views regarding employment
B) contribute to more conservative views regarding employment
C) contribute more to gender schemas development in girls
D) contribute more to gender schemas development in boys

Question 13

Research on parenting found that parents in general tend to:

A) reward girls' independence
B) reward girls' autonomy
C) reward girls for participating in physical activities requiring large motor coordination
D) reward girls for participating in calmer safer activities.

Question 14

Research on absent fathers shows that:

A) girls could develop aggressive tendencies
B) boys could develop aggressive tendencies
C) boys could develop a sense of protectiveness over their mothers
D) all of the above

Question 15

Research found that fathers are most likely to describe their infant sons as:

A) cute
B) small
C) tough
D) adorable

Question 16

We can conclude from studies on "Baby X," that:

A) all intersexed children are reared as boys
B) all intersexed children are reared as girls
C) people reacted differently to same baby when dressed as girl or boy
D) people reacted similarly to same baby when dressed as girl or boy

Question 17

An example of sexism in the English language is:

A) the use of "he" as a generic pronoun referring to women and men
B) referring to man or mankind when talking about all human species
C) referring to women by pets names such as "chick, kitty, etc."
D) all of the above

Question 18

One of the reasons that children prefer same sex playmates is:

A) they have little tolerance for differences
B) a need to establish a gender identity
C) mutual interest
D) social pressure

Question 19

Peer pressure is at its highest for:

A) school age children
B) school age girls
C) teenagers
D) adults

Question 20

In a research study conducted in New Zealand, it was found that

A) teachers valued the participation of male children
B) teachers valued the participation of female children
C) teachers evaluated boys' contributions more harshly
D) non of the above

Question 21

Explain the process by which a girl's morality develops according to the psychoanalytical theory

Question 22

How do parents' views of gender roles influence their sons' and daughters' gender roles? Is it different in single-parent homes?

Question 23

A friend is concerned about the sexist education her children receive. You are requested to give her three tips that promote a nonsexist education.