Deck 7: The World of Work

Question 1

According to the text

A) 60% of all women presently work outside the home
B) There has been a steady increase in working women over the past several decades
C) Women are taking on far more significant roles within the workforce.
D) All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

Women in our society are at times forced to aspire only to "women's" occupations, such as teaching, and other nurturing professions that are extensions of motherhood due to:

A) Fear of being viewed as nonconforming to feminine traits
B) Fear of masculine traits
C) Fear of the environment of the corporate world
D) Fear of failure

Answer 2

Fear of being viewed as nonconforming to feminine traits

Question 3

Gibbons and her colleagues asked adolescents from the US, Guatemala, and the Phillipines to interpret drawings that depicted ideal women within both the home and workplace, created by other adolescents within their respective cultural groups. Findings illustrates that:

A) All respondents tended to see working outside the home as a norm for women and a means though which they might realize personal ambitions.
B) Only in the U. S. sample, the women who were engaged in office work were perceived as hardworking and in pursuit of an end.
C) The greatest degree of individualism was found among US respondent, the greatest degree of collectivism among Guatemalan respondents, and Filipino respondents were intermediates in their collectivism- individualism scores.
D) None of the above

Answer 3

None of the above

Question 4

Occupational segregation is a phenomenon that occurs when:

A) Specific occupations are overwhelmingly either female or male
B) An occupation is more than 70 percent male
C) Women are only permitted to play certain roles in the workplace.
D) All of the above

Question 5

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 explicitly prohibits

A) Unequal pay between men and women
B) An increase in the wage gap
C) Discrimination against women with handicaps
D) An increase in the information gap

Question 6

According to research conducted by Glick, there is preference to hiring

A) Men with feminine qualities over men with masculine qualities for remedial jobs
B) Women with masculine qualities over women with feminine qualities for managerial jobs
C) Men with masculine qualities over women with feminine qualities for remedial jobs
D) There are no obvious biases in preference

Question 7

According to the concept of job prestige:

A) Masculine traits are of higher value
B) Feminine traits have no value
C) Feminine and masculine traits are equal in prestige
D) Both a and b

Question 8

Heilman's "lack of fit model" postulates that:

A) Discrimination is always based on appearance; equally for women and men
B) Discrimination is always based on appearance for men
C) Discrimination is always based on appearance for women
D) Gender biases have no basis in the incongruity between an applicant's perceived attributes and the requirements of the position.

Question 9

Women's success is often attributed to:

A) Luck
B) Ability
C) Skill
D) Talent

Question 10

Aversive racism

A) Is a process in which covert forms of discrimination prevail even among those who loudly proclaim egalitarianism
B) Suggests that successful women suffer work related costs as well as personal costs in today's work place
C) Is evidence of racism in the work place
D) None of the above

Question 11

The glass ceiling refers to:

A) Occupational segregation
B) The subtle shield that results in discriminatory practices towards women and ethnic minorities and hinders their advancement in the workplace
C) The concept of entitlement
D) A special set of laws that protect men's employment practices

Question 12

The glass ceiling is responsible for:

A) Inhibiting the professional growth of women within the corporate world
B) Facilitating the professional growth of men within the corporate world
C) Negative effects on both women's and men's professional growth
D) A special threat that men view as a result of women's success

Question 13

According to research on sexual harassment

A) Women are more often harassed by men of equal or greater power
B) Men report the greatest amount of unwanted sexual attention from less powerful women
C) At work and in the private sectors, older and younger women alike were subject to harassment
D) All of the above

Question 14

A source of stress for women who occupy traditional jobs is:

A) low pay
B) family obligations
C) men's superiority
D) none of the above

Question 15

Research findings support the notion of

A) Women's fear of success
B) Penalties associated with violating gender norms
C) Men's fear of women's success
D) Both a and c

Question 16

Occupational segregation restricts women to lower paying jobs, which is a good explanation for:

A) The wage gap
B) Male dominance
C) The notion of entitlement
D) All of the above

Question 17

How does the media support occupational segregation?

A) By portraying women as evil
B) By portraying men as superior
C) By portraying women working at "women's" jobs
D) None of the above

Question 18

In almost all work categories

A) Women are paid less than men
B) Women earn less than men in male dominated jobs, but more in female dominated jobs
C) Women earn more than men in male dominated jobs, but less in female dominated jobs
D) Women's and men's pay is unequal only in industrialized societies

Question 19

The reason for unequal pay between women and men

A) Men work harder
B) Women are not lucky
C) Discrimination against women
D) Women's lower education

Question 20

Which of the following is a factor responsible for the wage gap?

A) Fewer women receive college degrees than men
B) Women require more training than men
C) Women spend less time working out of the home
D) Men have traditionally occupied higher level jobs than women

Question 21

What might be the factors that hold women back when it comes to out of home work?

Question 22

Describe sexual harassment and its effects on the work environment. Give examples.

Question 23

Describe occupational segregation and list its effects.

Question 24

What might be the factors underlying the wage gap discussed in the text? Provide research findings to support your views.

Question 25

What are the effects of physical attractiveness in the workplace on women and men? Use research findings for support.