Deck 15: The Hematologic System

Question 1

Which statement about the hematologic system is accurate?

A) "African Americans have the highest incidence of sickle cell disease."
B) "Iatrogenic blood disorders are congenital in origin."
C) "Folic acid is directly related to synthesis of hemoglobin."
D) "Bruising in the older adult patient is of great concern."

Answer 1

"African Americans have the highest incidence of sickle cell disease."

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a patient with pernicious anemia.The patient asks the nurse why she experiences constant fatigue.Which response most accurately answers the patient's question?

A) "Your anemia causes inadequate oxygen delivery to your cells, which causes you to feel fatigue."
B) "Your anemia causes an enlarged spleen, which makes breathing difficult and leads to fatigue."
C) "Your anemia causes proliferation of white cells, which leads to fatigue."
D) "Your anemia causes excessive manufacture of red blood cells, which overworks your body and leads to fatigue."

Answer 2

"Your anemia causes inadequate oxygen delivery to your cells, which causes you to feel fatigue."

Question 3

Which organ(s)compose the lymphatic system?

A) Thymus
B) Lymph nodes
C) Kidneys
D) Spleen
E) Tonsils

Answer 3

Thymus
Lymph nodes
Spleen

Question 4

The nurse is caring for an older adult patient.A family member of the patient seems to frequently catch colds.Which response is best?

A) "After the age of 60, the plasma volume decreases so there is less infection fighting ability."
B) "Bone marrow activity decreases by about 50% with aging, which lowers the immune response to infection."
C) "The older adult's blood is more prone to clotting, so infection-fighting cells don't get to the source of infection quickly."
D) "His antibody response to vaccines is overactive."

Question 5

The nurse is caring for an older adult patient who is confused and irritable.The nurse reviews the patient's history and notes that it is negative for dementia.Which potential underlying problem should the nurse suspect?

A) Leukopenia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypoxia
D) Hyperbilirubinemia

Question 6

Jaundice results from excessive release of which substance into the bloodstream?

A) Histamine
B) Bilirubin
C) Plasma
D) Platelets

Question 7

The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old African American patient.On assessment,the nurse observes yellow sclera.Which other finding would support the nurse's suspicion that hemolysis is occurring?

A) Koilonychia
B) Circumoral cyanosis
C) Tea colored urine
D) Hemangioma

Question 8

The nurse is reviewing laboratory reports for multiple patients.Which patient's laboratory values require the nurse's immediate attention?

A) Hemoglobin (Hgb) of 7.1 g/dL; white blood cell (WBC) count of 4500 mL/mm³
B) Potassium of 5.5 mEq/L; WBC count of 7000 mL/mm³
C) Sodium of 129 mEq/L; WBC of 6000 mL/mm³; 13.2 g/dL
D) Calcium of 8.8 mg/dL; WBC count of 8000 mL/mm³

Question 9

What is the average life span of a platelet cell?

A) 10 days
B) 14 days
C) 30 days
D) 45 days

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a patient whose complete blood count reports an abnormal amount of "bands," or immature granulocytes.Based on this finding,which problem does the nurse suspect?

A) An ongoing bacterial infection
B) An allergic reaction
C) Impending anemia
D) An overwhelming viral infection

Question 11

Which statement(s)describe functions of blood?

A) To absorb nutrients
B) To transport blood gases
C) To regulate pH by buffering
D) To regulate fluid distribution
E) To regulate body temperature

Question 12

Which organ releases the erythropoietin-stimulating factor that directs stem cells in the bone marrow to make blood cells?

A) Brain
B) Lung
C) Kidney
D) Liver

Question 13

The nurse is reviewing a patient's assessment data upon admission to the acute care facility.Which finding best indicates iron deficiency anemia?

A) Pulse of 90 beats/min
B) Yellow sclera
C) Tea-colored urine
D) Pale conjunctivae

Question 14

Which organ can help the body compensate in the event of a massive hemorrhagic episode by contracting and adding blood to the circulating volume?

A) Spleen
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Bone marrow

Question 15

The nurse uses a visual aid to depict the several kinds of hemoglobin.Which hemoglobin changes the shape of the red blood cell RBC on which it resides?

A) hemoglobin A
B) hemoglobin A1c
C) hemoglobin F
D) hemoglobin S

Question 16

When the nurse notes a rise in the eosinophil count,which problem does she suspect?

A) Bacterial infection
B) Allergy
C) Viral infection
D) Blood dyscrasia

Question 17

The nurse is caring for a patient with pernicious anemia immediately following a bone marrow biopsy of the left posterior iliac crest.Which action should the nurse perform first?

A) Inform the patient that he may feel pressure and sharp, brief pain.
B) Check the pulses in the leg and foot distal to the puncture.
C) Administer an ordered analgesic.
D) Apply pressure to the site for 5 minutes with an ice pack.

Question 18

If melena appears,a minimum of what amount of blood has been deposited into the gastrointestinal (GI)tract?

A) 35 mL
B) 50 mL
C) 80 mL
D) 100 mL

Question 19

The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking radiation treatments.The patient has a platelet count of 100,000/mm³.Which action is most important for the nurse to add to the patient's care plan?

A) Instruct the patient to change positions slowly.
B) Remove the clutter from the patient's room.
C) Remove the fresh orange from the patient's meal tray.
D) Limit the number of visitors in the room at a time.

Question 20

What is the average life span of a red blood cell (RBC)?

A) 30 days
B) 90 days
C) 100 days
D) 120 days

Question 21

Which actions should the nurse take to help the severely anemic patient conserve energy?

A) Manage care to include frequent rest periods.
B) Assist with activities of daily living (ADLs).
C) Place personal care items close at hand.
D) Arrange for small meals with between-meal snacks.
E) Ensure that exercise sessions are planned during the morning.

Question 22

In making an assessment of a patient with a bleeding disorder who has a dark complexion,the nurse should check the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet for _____________.

Question 23

The nurse is assessing a patient with a dark complexion for cyanosis.To ensure the most accurate assessment,which locations should the nurse inspect?

A) Conjunctiva
B) Gums
C) Roof of the mouth
D) Nail beds
E) Palms of the hands

Question 24

The student nurse is drawing a diagram of the phases of the monocyte cell to present to the nursing class.The student correctly diagrams the phases in which order of occurrence?

Step 4

A)Becomes a phagocyte
B)Becomes a macrophage
C)Engulfs bacteria
D)Migrates into tissues
E)Becomes a monocyte
F)Becomes a leukocyte

Question 25

Which age-related changes occur in the hematologic system?

A) Decreased blood volume
B) Decreased bone marrow production
C) Decreased rate of blood cell production
D) Increased immune response
E) Increased clotting time

Question 26

Which assessment technique assures accuracy in daily abdominal girth measurement?

A) Place marks on the lateral sides of the abdomen where the tape is placed.
B) Use the same tape every day.
C) Measure girth with the tape placed 1 inch above the umbilicus.
D) Measure the same area every day.
E) Measure girth at the same time every day.

Question 27

The student nurse is drawing a diagram of the phases of the monocyte cell to present to the nursing class.The student correctly diagrams the phases in which order of occurrence?

Step 6

A)Becomes a phagocyte
B)Becomes a macrophage
C)Engulfs bacteria
D)Migrates into tissues
E)Becomes a monocyte
F)Becomes a leukocyte

Question 28

The student nurse is drawing a diagram of the phases of the monocyte cell to present to the nursing class.The student correctly diagrams the phases in which order of occurrence?

Step 3

A)Becomes a phagocyte
B)Becomes a macrophage
C)Engulfs bacteria
D)Migrates into tissues
E)Becomes a monocyte
F)Becomes a leukocyte

Question 29

A female patient being seen in an outpatient clinic states she is having excessive menstruation and reports saturating four peri-pads per day.The nurse estimates the blood loss for this patient as ______ mL per day.

Question 30

The student nurse is drawing a diagram of the phases of the monocyte cell to present to the nursing class.The student correctly diagrams the phases in which order of occurrence?

Step 5

A)Becomes a phagocyte
B)Becomes a macrophage
C)Engulfs bacteria
D)Migrates into tissues
E)Becomes a monocyte
F)Becomes a leukocyte

Question 31

The normal range of hemoglobin is from _____ g/dL to _____ g/dL.

Question 32

The student nurse is drawing a diagram of the phases of the monocyte cell to present to the nursing class.The student correctly diagrams the phases in which order of occurrence?

Step 2

A)Becomes a phagocyte
B)Becomes a macrophage
C)Engulfs bacteria
D)Migrates into tissues
E)Becomes a monocyte
F)Becomes a leukocyte

Question 33

The student nurse is drawing a diagram of the phases of the monocyte cell to present to the nursing class.The student correctly diagrams the phases in which order of occurrence?

Step 1

A)Becomes a phagocyte
B)Becomes a macrophage
C)Engulfs bacteria
D)Migrates into tissues
E)Becomes a monocyte
F)Becomes a leukocyte