Deck 6: Temperament

Question 1

In the temperament models of Hippocrates and Galen, which characterizes a person who is moody and anxious with a predominance of black bile?

A) Melancholic
B) Sanguine
C) Choleric
D) Phlegmatic

Answer 1

Melancholic

Question 2

In the temperament models of Hippocrates and Galen, which characterizes a person who is cheerful, good natured, and spirited with a predominance of blood?

A) Melancholic
B) Sanguine
C) Choleric
D) Phlegmatic

Answer 2

Sanguine

Question 3

In the temperament models of Hippocrates and Galen, which characterizes a person who is angry and irritable with a predominance of yellow bile?

A) Melancholic
B) Sanguine
C) Choleric
D) Phlegmatic

Answer 3

Choleric

Question 4

In the temperament models of Hippocrates and Galen, which characterizes a person who is slow to arousal with a predominance of phlegm?

A) Melancholic
B) Sanguine
C) Choleric
D) Phlegmatic

Question 5

Although social work professionals likely do not use the four humors model to characterize the temperament of their clients, there are clear parallels to the problems that clients present. For instance, the profile of a choleric broadly reflects which temperamental feature?

A) Positive emotionality
B) Activity level
C) Negative emotionality
D) Effortful control

Question 6

Clinical social workers often provide services to children with behavioral disorders such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. These conditions best match which of Thomas and Chess's typology?

A) Easy children
B) Difficult children
C) Slow-to-warm children
D) All of the above

Question 7

Which is not a component of Rothbart's temperamental model?

A) Negative affectivity
B) Effortful control
C) Extraversion or surgency
D) Low reactivity

Question 8

A unique feature of Cloninger's model is that temperamental constructs were directly related to what?

A) Neurotransmitter systems
B) Body type
C) Activity level
D) Negative emotionality

Question 9

Which researchers rediscovered temperament in the 1960s and produced the finding that temperamental features interact with parenting and home environment to produce a goodness of fit?

A) Kagan
B) Rothbart
C) Thomas and Chess
D) Buss and Plomin

Question 10

During infancy and toddlerhood, which behaviors reflect a child's temperament?

A) Responsiveness to stimuli
B) Mood quality
C) Activity level
D) All of the above

Question 11

A recent study of more than 5,000 individuals in the Netherlands found that the annual costs of neuroticism are how much?

A) $50 million
B) $600 million
C) $1.4 billion
D) $227 million

Question 12

Which condition is characterized by fearlessness and other forms of negative emotionality, such as anger?

A) Bipolar disorder
B) Asperger's syndrome
C) Psychopathy
D) Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 13

In Goldsmith's research, which had an heritability of 0%?

A) Soothability
B) Negative affect
C) Distress to novelty
D) Activity level

Question 14

Which is not a feature of most conceptual models of temperament?

A) Self-regulation
B) Emotionality
C) Approach/withdraw orientation
D) Social potency

Question 15

The influence of temperament can be seen in which life stages?

A) Fetal environment and infancy
B) Childhood
C) Adolescence
D) Adulthood
E) All of the above

Question 16

In Jerome Kagan's work, there are few long-term differences between high-reactive and low-reactive children.

Question 17

The area of the brain that relates to emotion and processing of fear is the amygdala.

Question 18

Sociological criminologists have historically used temperament as a basis to study delinquency.

Question 19

Temperament is largely considered the biological forerunner of personality.

Question 20

Social workers are powerless to improve the behavioral functioning of clients with temperamental deficits because temperament is mostly heritable.

Question 21

What are the differences between high- and low-reactive children, and what is their relevance for social work practice?

Question 22

What are some linkages between temperament, psychiatric conditions, and behavior that are consistent with clinical social work patients? Give examples.