Deck 9: Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

During middle childhood physical growth is __________ than it is during early childhood or adolescence.

A) slower
B) faster
C) the same as
D) much faster

Answer 1

slower

Question 2

Lisa and Mark are both 8 years old. Whom would you expect to mature faster? Whom would you expect to have more body fat?

A) They would both mature at the same rate and have the same proportion of body fat.
B) Mark would mature faster and have more body fat.
C) Lisa would mature faster and have more body fat.
D) Mark would mature faster and Lisa would have more body fat.

Answer 2

Lisa would mature faster and have more body fat.

Question 3

Brain researchers have found that trauma, neglect, and abuse can have severe effects on a child's developing brain. But if they are placed in a loving and supportive environment, their brains can amend the effects of these factors. This is due to:

A) meiosis
B) mitosis
C) plasticity
D) adaptability

Answer 3

plasticity

Question 4

Brian is a healthy child of normal intelligence, but he has difficulty recognizing written words, which leads to difficulty with reading comprehension and writing. Brian most likely has a disorder called:

A) dyspepsia
B) dyslexia
C) bipolarism
D) dysmorphia

Question 5

Which of these is the most common childhood illness?

A) measles
B) mumps
C) chicken pox
D) upper respiratory infection

Question 6

The major cause of death of children in middle childhood is:

A) cancer
B) diabetes
C) accidents
D) leukemia

Question 7

Mortality rates over the years for children ages 5 to 14 are:

A) slightly increasing
B) decreasing
C) mostly the same
D) sharply increasing

Question 8

The definition cited in your textbook for overweight is:

A) having a body mass index greater than 25
B) having a body mass index greater than the 50^th percentile for age and gender
C) having 50 pounds of excess weight for age and gender
D) having 70 pounds of excess weight for age and gender

Question 9

From 1980 to 2006, the proportion of children between the ages of 6 and 11 who were overweight:

A) were more at risk if Hispanic or Black
B) declined
C) were unlikely to outgrow obesity
D) all of these

Question 10

Which of the following health risks is related to overweight in children?

A) early cardiovascular disease
B) diabetes mellitus
C) orthopedic problems
D) all of these

Question 11

Factors that increase childhood obesity include:

A) parental obesity
B) more physical education activities
C) offering healthy food in school vending machines
D) structured play time

Question 12

Mental strategies that involve _____________ account for successful math performance in 8 to 9 year-olds.

A) mental maps
B) cognitive awareness
C) metacognition
D) cognitive compatibility

Question 13

The Piagetian middle childhood stage in which the child begins to develop a set of rules or strategies for examining the world is called:

A) concrete operations
B) operational standards
C) global thinking
D) rational cognition

Question 14

Ms. Keller is performing an experiment with her class. She pours water from a short wide glass into a tall thin glass. She asks the class which glass has more water. Everyone answers that it is the same amount of water. The children have mastered the concept of:

A) centering
B) conservation
C) evaporation
D) mental imaging

Question 15

At age 8 Maria is better able to understand the concept of class inclusion. In a game of 20 questions, Maria would be more likely to ask which of the following questions?

A) "Is it a tomato?"
B) "Is it grass?"
C) "Is it food?"
D) "Is it an apple?"

Question 16

In middle childhood, children are not very good at moving from the general to specific, which is called:

A) deductive logic
B) inductive logic
C) sequential logic
D) horizontal décalage

Question 17

Cross-cultural research designed to test Piaget's theory has found that:

A) regardless of culture, individuals appear to move through Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
B) in some cultures, individuals have been found to bypass some of Piaget's stages.
C) most cultures other than Piaget's do not appear to move through Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
D) it is impossible to perform these experiments in many cultures.

Question 18

According to your textbook, creativity:

A) is hindered by low levels of intelligence
B) is not assured by the existence of high levels of intelligence
C) implies original and useful responses
D) all of these

Question 19

Research on creativity has found that:

A) formal education is essential to the development of creativity
B) creative people are often conventional thinkers with dull personalities
C) creative people were often encouraged when they were young
D) creativity relies on sheer talent to become evident

Question 20

Hiram wishes to increase creativity in his children. What might Hiram do to achieve this?

A) Direct his children's learning to a few preselected areas
B) Remove uncertainty from problem-solving settings
C) Limit his children's awareness of environmental stimuli
D) Show respect for his children's questions and ideas

Question 21

Based on the following description of her neighbor, how old would you guess Taylor to be? "She has a big cat and she lets me play with him. I like her because she gives me candy and lets me see what is growing in her garden. She has dark hair and glasses."

A) about 10 years old
B) about 12 years old
C) cannot be determined
D) less than 8 years old

Question 22

At about what age do children come to recognize certain regularities or unchanging qualities in the inner dispositions and behaviors of individuals?

A) 11
B) 6
C) 8
D) 4

Question 23

Children in the concrete operations stage:

A) cannot understand words not tied to their own personal experiences
B) can only describe objects, people, and events by their physical characteristics
C) cannot make comparisons between classes of objects
D) can describe objects, people, and events by categories and functions

Question 24

When Nadine talks to her principal, she uses a different tone of voice than she does when she talks to her friends in the playground. This is an example of:

A) differential pragmatics
B) code switching
C) semantic switching
D) speech dimensions

Question 25

Byram was not born in the United States and his native language is not English. He has difficulty participating fully in school because he does not speak, read, write, or understand English. At this point Byram could be classified as:

A) limited English proficiency (LEP)
B) English language learner (ELL)
C) bilingual
D) learning disabled

Question 26

Each day Alexi attends a separate class to learn English. The class is an all-day intensive English language class. Alexi is learning the language through which approach?

A) the bilingual education approach
B) the total immersion language method
C) English as a Second Language (ESL)
D) two-way bilingual learning approach

Question 27

Annette, a native speaker of Spanish, attends a class that is taught by Ms. Perez, who is fluent in both English and Spanish. The class is taught using some of each language, but relying on Spanish to explain complex ideas. Annette is learning through which approach?

A) bilingual education approach
B) total immersion approach
C) English as a Second Language (ESL)
D) two-way bilingual education

Question 28

Hadia is not a native speaker of English. She attends a class that uses only English for all instruction. Hadia is learning English through which approach?

A) bilingual
B) total immersion
C) English as a Second Language (ESL)
D) two-way bilingual

Question 29

Barbara attends a school that teaches all subjects in both English and French. Instruction is equally divided between the two languages. Barbara is learning language through which approach?

A) bilingual
B) total immersion
C) English as a Second Language (ESL)
D) two-way bilingual

Question 30

Assessment instruments that attempt to measure abilities such as cognitive processing and achievement are called:

A) psychometric tests
B) psychotropic tests
C) instrumental tests
D) assessment variables

Question 31

The scores of most standardized tests in the United States are based upon:

A) a mean of 85 and a standard deviation of 15
B) a mean of 95 and a standard deviation of 10
C) a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15
D) a mean of 65 and a standard deviation of 15

Question 32

A multidisciplinary team assessment would be most appropriate for which of the following children?

A) Tamika, with a tested IQ of 129, who lives in a single-parent home and sometimes talks back to people of authority
B) Bo, with a tested IQ of 83, who lives in a foster home and has been skipping school
C) Shania, with a tested IQ of 85, who lives with both parents and is obese
D) Andrea, with a tested IQ of 95, who lives in a single-parent home in a neighborhood with a low socioeconomic level

Question 33

The heuristics that cut across the boundaries between intelligence and personality and that influence a person's preferred way of perceiving, remembering, and using information are called:

A) cognitive styles
B) learning curves
C) learning cues
D) cognitive cues

Question 34

Mr. Barker believes that his students' capabilities can be made evident through more than a test grade. He requires each student to collect evidence of all the work they have done, including art work, projects they have made in shop class, and extracurricular activities, as well as class assignments. This work is put together in book form and then displayed for the school and parents. Students receive grades based upon this project. This is known as:

A) objective assessment
B) project method
C) portfolio assessment
D) assessment on demand

Question 35

12-year-old John has an IQ of 60. He is not able to perform daily living skills independently and lacks communication and social skills. John would most likely be classified as having:

A) a learning disability
B) functional deficits
C) an intellectual disability
D) social deficits

Question 36

The determination of the severity of an intellectual disability or cognitive limitation is based upon:

A) observed behaviors
B) scores from IQ tests
C) physical appearance
D) genetic impairments

Question 37

Warren has an IQ of 102 but has difficulty using spoken and written language. His mathematical abilities are above average. Warren would most likely be classified as having:

A) a learning disability
B) functional deficits
C) mental retardation
D) social deficits

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true concerning learning disabilities?

A) Learning disabilities affect children but do not affect adults.
B) A learning disability will have no affect on an individual's career capabilities.
C) A person with a learning disability will likely have normal intelligence.
D) To be considered a learning disability, it must be diagnosed before the age of 18.

Question 39

Joan has trouble reading. Sometimes the letters get mixed up so that it looks to Joan like a completely different word. She has difficulty with written tests but performs quite well on oral tests. Joan's learning disability is most likely:

A) dysgraphia
B) dyscalculia
C) dyslexia
D) ADHD

Question 40

Raymond is impulsive, cannot follow directions, and finds it difficult to wait his turn for outdoor activities. He frequently leaves his assignments before he is finished to pursue some other activity. Raymond's disability is most likely:

A) dyslexia
B) dysgraphia
C) ADHD
D) dyscalculia

Question 41

An Individualized Education Plan (IEP) is provided for all students who are classified as having a disability. Which of the following people are involved in developing this plan?

A) school psychologist
B) child's teacher
C) child advocate
D) all of these

Question 42

It is mandated by law that children with disabilities are to be placed in the least restrictive environment in the school. This means students are no less likely to be schooled in a segregated setting due to:

A) inclusion
B) insufficient funds
C) sending children to more diverse schools
D) any one of these situations

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true regarding IEPs?

A) The student is not permitted to participate in the development of his or her IEP.
B) The IEP includes the goals and objectives decided equally by caregivers and educators.
C) The original IEP is used for the duration of the student's school attendance.
D) The initial plan is developed by a school psychologist and submitted for approval by the student's parent(s) or guardian(s).

Question 44

The effective schools movement advocates which of the following?

A) increased funding for schools
B) higher salaries for teachers
C) high expectations and an orderly school climate
D) the use of computer technology and increased computer literacy

Question 45

According to your textbook, homeschooled children:

A) are usually in single-parent homes
B) consistently perform above the national averages on standardized tests
C) are only found in Christian family homes
D) are decreasing in number

Question 46

The process by which children adopt principles that lead them to evaluate behaviors as right or wrong and to govern their own actions in terms of these principles is called:

A) moral development
B) ethical training
C) principled teaching
D) proper conduct

Question 47

Research into cognitive learning and moral standards has shown that:

A) observing the behavior of others seems to have a modeling effect on children's obedience to social regulations
B) dishonest or deviant models have a greater impact on children than do honest models
C) it can be relevant to the influences of violent television programs and video games
D) all of these

Question 48

A belief that moral development occurs in an orderly fashion based upon the stages of cognitive development and the emergence of logical thought would be most closely associated with which of the following theorists?

A) Freud
B) Watson
C) Piaget
D) Skinner

Question 49

As children develop their conceptions of morality, Piaget's first stage called heteronomous morality is characterized as:

A) arising from the unequal interaction between children and adults
B) flexible in terms of its relative, changeable conception of morality
C) highly individualized in that it can differ from one child to another
D) based on relationships among peers and the quality of interactions

Question 50

Piaget's second stage of moral development called autonomous morality is characterized as:

A) arising from the unequal interaction between children and adults
B) a conception of moral rules as rigid, absolute, and unchanging
C) arising from the interaction found in relationships among peers
D) being less concerned about social justice than the first stage is

Question 51

All cultures employ the same basic moral concepts and all individuals go through the same stages of reasoning in the same order with respect to these concepts. Which theorist is attributed with this explanation of moral development?

A) Lawrence Kohlberg
B) Jean Piaget
C) Carol Gilligan
D) Albert Bandura

Question 52

Gilligan suggests that men have a morality of justice and women have a morality of:

A) honesty
B) care
C) integrity
D) love

Question 53

Which of the following factors has the highest correlation with honesty?

A) intelligence
B) age
C) gender
D) group norms

Question 54

Jose is known for being cooperative and helpful. He is the person friends turn to when they need a sympathetic listener, help with their problems, and comforting for their concerns. Jose also participates in voluntary charitable activities. We could say that Jose displays a great deal of:

A) group norms
B) prosocial behaviors
C) motivational factors
D) heteronomous morality

Question 55

Although Sheila did not lose a family member in the September 11 tragedy as her friend Beverly did, she experienced grief and mourning over the event. She came to feel and understand the event in much the way her friend did. This is an example of:

A) moral relativity
B) sensitivity
C) empathy
D) transferal

Question 56

Ahmed is reaching middle childhood. Up to this point he had been growing rapidly, but his growth lately seems to have slowed down considerably. His parents are wondering if there is cause for concern. What could you tell them?

Question 57

During Piaget's stage of concrete operations, children begin to master the concept of conservation. What is meant by conservation? Give an example to explain.

Question 58

What is an IEP and how is it created?

Question 59

What is prosocial behavior and when do children acquire it?