Deck 3: Reproduction, Heredity, and Prenatal Development Reproduction

Question 1

The process by which organisms create more organisms of their own kind is called:

A) creationism
B) reproduction
C) organism continuity
D) organic productivity

Answer 1

reproduction

Question 2

Reproductive cells (sperm and ova) are known as:

A) gametes
B) protozoa
C) productivity cells
D) gonella

Answer 2

gametes

Question 3

Male gametes are called:

A) androcells
B) procells
C) sperm
D) ova

Answer 3

sperm

Question 4

Female gametes are called:

A) ova
B) gynocells
C) procells
D) spermatova

Question 5

When sperm unites with an ovum it is called:

A) implementation
B) gamete unity
C) gametization
D) fertilization

Question 6

When sperm enters and unites with an ovum it forms a:

A) protum
B) zygote
C) cervix
D) cytogoa

Question 7

The male reproductive organs that lie outside the body in a pouch-like structure are called:

A) testes
B) androgens
C) urethra
D) epididymis

Question 8

Marshall is concerned that at age 17 he has not yet reached puberty. His doctor suspects low levels of:

A) progesterone
B) androgens
C) estrogen
D) protein

Question 9

The testes produce:

A) sperm and androgens
B) sperm and epididymis
C) prostaglandins
D) progesterone

Question 10

The pouch-like structure that holds the male reproductive organs is called the:

A) epididymis
B) urethra
C) scrotum
D) prostate gland

Question 11

The function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system is to:

A) produce semen
B) secrete androsterone
C) store sperm
D) make sperm

Question 12

The function of the prostate gland is to:

A) secrete seminal fluid
B) produce androsterone
C) produce sperm
D) store sperm

Question 13

The almond-shaped reproductive organs that lie in a woman's pelvis are called:

A) ova sacs
B) gametes
C) epididymis
D) ovaries

Question 14

After a female reaches puberty the ovaries produce:

A) blastocysts and ova
B) ova and female sex hormones
C) cilia and female sex hormones
D) blastocysts and cilia

Question 15

The hollow, thick-walled organ of the female reproductive system is called the:

A) cervix
B) oviduct
C) uterus
D) ovary

Question 16

The female sex hormones are:

A) androgen and estrogen
B) estrogen and progesterone
C) progesterone and androgen
D) testosterone and progesterone

Question 17

The fallopian tube is also called the:

A) ovarian tube
B) labia
C) oviduct
D) ductile tube

Question 18

The developing organism from the time the blastocyst implants itself in the uterine wall until it becomes a recognizable fetus is called a(n):

A) embryo
B) oviduct
C) fetoscope
D) gamete

Question 19

When an ovum is discharged from a follicle in the ovary it is called:

A) ovulation
B) follicular discharge
C) menstruation
D) ovarian discharge

Question 20

At approximately which point in the menstrual cycle does ovulation take place?

A) day 1
B) day 7
C) day 14
D) day 21

Question 21

The fluid-filled sac which contains the mother's genetic contribution and which surrounds the ovum is called the:

A) oviduct
B) endometrium
C) follicle
D) clitoris

Question 22

The union of sperm and ovum is called:

A) menstruation
B) lutenization
C) fertilization
D) implantation

Question 23

The structure that results from the joining of the chromosomes from the sperm and the egg is called a(n):

A) corpus luteum
B) zygote
C) embryo
D) blastocyst

Question 24

If more than one of her ova mature and are released, a woman might conceive:

A) identical twins
B) monozygotic twins
C) conjoined twins
D) dizygotic twins

Question 25

Fertilization that occurs outside the body in a test tube is called:

A) dish technology
B) in vitro fertilization
C) stem cell research
D) fertility transfer

Question 26

The process by which the fetus gestates in an environment external to the mother is called:

A) exogestational birth
B) assisted gestation
C) ectopic birth
D) ectogenesis

Question 27

Some key concerns regarding in vitro fertilization procedures include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) there is a greater risk of higher-order multiple pregnancies
B) it can only be performed for couples under the age of 30
C) it has a disappointing success rate around 30%
D) there is a greater risk of miscarriage

Question 28

A form of asexual reproduction that creates an embryo by a process called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT) is referred to as:

A) cellular regeneration
B) cloning
C) ART
D) IVF

Question 29

Veronica and Selma are in a committed relationship and would like to have a child. They discuss the options with their physician who suggests a procedure whereby some of Selma's ova will be retrieved and combined with donor sperm in a laboratory. The doctor explains that the embryos will develop for a few days in a special culture in a test tube and will then be placed into Selma's uterus for implantation. What procedure is the doctor discussing with Mary and Selma?

A) GIFT
B) ZIFT
C) IVF
D) ICSI

Question 30

Marie is postmenopausal but would like to have a baby. Under what circumstances might this be possible?

A) if she takes fertility drugs to create her own new, viable ova
B) if she uses a donated ovum, IVF, and uterine implantation
C) if she is artificially inseminated
D) if her follicles are stimulated

Question 31

Stem cells:

A) are harvested from the brain stem
B) are shaped much like plant stems
C) are able to reproduce themselves
D) are artificially produced cells

Question 32

Stem cells can be developed from which of the following types of cells?

A) adult
B) placental
C) umbilical cord
D) all of these

Question 33

The Human Genome Project:

A) sought ways to synthesize artificial genetic material
B) sought to discover the sequencing of the human genome
C) compared genetic codes in humans across various cultures
D) compared composition of human genomes and animal genomes

Question 34

The long, thread-like structures, made of protein and nucleic acid, which contain the hereditary materials found in the nuclei of any cell, are called:

A) chromosomes
B) genes
C) alleles
D) neurotransmitters

Question 35

It transmits inherited characteristics passed from biological parents to children and has its own location on the chromosome. It is a:

A) chromosomal transmitter
B) gamete
C) gene
D) code

Question 36

The process of cell division in which every chromosome in the cell splits lengthwise to form a new pair is called:

A) cell splitting
B) mitosis
C) meiosis
D) chromosomal splitting

Question 37

This process involves two cell divisions during which the chromosomes are reduced to half their original number. Each gamete then receives only one chromosome from each pair in every parental cell. This is called:

A) cell splitting
B) mitosis
C) meiosis
D) chromosomal splitting

Question 38

The 22 pairs of chromosomes common to both men and women that are similar in size and shape are called:

A) autosomes
B) homosomes
C) alleles
D) sex chromosomes

Question 39

The sex of a child is determined by:

A) the male chromosome
B) the female chromosome
C) it is random
D) environmental factors

Question 40

An allele is:

A) an abnormal chromosome
B) a genetic mutation
C) one of a pair of genes
D) a dominant chromosome

Question 41

When both alleles from the parents are the same it is referred to as a:

A) homozygous characteristic
B) heterozygous characteristic
C) polygenic inheritance
D) zygotic consonance

Question 42

Margaret has naturally dark hair, brown eyes, and is left-handed. This represents her:

A) genotype
B) phenotype
C) recessive characteristics
D) hidden characteristics

Question 43

The actual genetic makeup of an organism is called the:

A) genetic print
B) organismic print
C) phenotype
D) genotype

Question 44

Kim and George are worried that their children might inherit sickle-cell anemia as they both have relatives with the disease. They wish to talk to someone about their concerns. They will seek the advice of a:

A) genetic counselor
B) behavioral therapist
C) general practitioner
D) nurse-midwife

Question 45

The correct order of the developmental stages from conception to birth is:

A) fetal, germinal, embryonic
B) germinal, embryonic, fetal
C) embryonic, fetal, germinal
D) fetal, embryonic, germinal

Question 46

The germinal period is characterized by:

A) structural appearance of all the chief organs
B) establishment of a placental relationship with the mother
C) the growth of lanugo on the fetus
D) the growth of the zygote following its conception

Question 47

The ______________ forms a closed sac around the embryo that is filled with a watery fluid to keep the embryo moist and protect it against shock.

A) placenta
B) chorion
C) amnion
D) blastocyst

Question 48

The embryo is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) development of a recognizably human body
B) a slow, gradual, and steady process of growth
C) establishment of a placental relationship with the mother
D) early structural appearance of all the chief organs

Question 49

The partially permeable membrane that does not permit the passage of blood cells between mother and embryo is called the:

A) placenta
B) chorion
C) amnion
D) blastocyst

Question 50

The ___________ links the embryo to the placenta and is a conduit carrying two arteries and one vein.

A) placenta
B) amniotic sac
C) umbilical cord
D) chorionic villus

Question 51

Beth suffers a miscarriage during her fifth month of pregnancy. Her doctor explains that her body rejected the fetus as a foreign body. She asks if this will occur in future pregnancies. Her doctor tells Beth about __________ percent of women will experience recurrent pregnancy loss.

A) 1
B) 10
C) 15
D) 30

Question 52

The best description of cephalocaudal development is that it:

A) is tissue growth in opposite directions from the axis of the primitive streak
B) begins in the hands and feet and progresses upward through the body
C) involves the growth of the major organs in a developing embryo
D) begins with the brain and head areas and works its way down the body

Question 53

The best description of proximodistal development is that it:

A) is tissue growth away from the axis of the primitive streak
B) begins in the hands and feet, then goes upward to the head
C) involves the growth of the major organs in a developing embryo
D) begins with the brain and head areas and works its way down the body

Question 54

12-year-old Marla is expecting a new baby brother. Marla's mother shows her pictures depicting the stages of prenatal development. One of the pictures looks like a pear-shaped organism with a knobby head. Which stage of development does the picture represent?

A) germinal
B) embryonic
C) fetal
D) blastocyst

Question 55

Deanna is in her fifth month of pregnancy and begins to feel the fetus moving. The sensation Deanna is feeling is called:

A) fetal fidgeting
B) fetal motion syndrome
C) lightening
D) quickening

Question 56

Most miscarriages occur:

A) in the fetal period
B) in the last month of pregnancy
C) in the first or second trimester
D) because of hormonal imbalances

Question 57

One study of Gulf War veterans found a higher than normal incidence of birth defects among their children conceived after returning from duty. A common factor linking all the cases studied was found to be a substance called Agent Orange. In this situation this substance is known as a:

A) teratogen
B) terogen
C) defectogen
D) disorder

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT associated with smoking during pregnancy?

A) transmission of nicotine through the placenta to the embryo
B) increased likelihood of prematurity
C) increased likelihood of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
D) increased likelihood of facial deformities

Question 59

Since learning that her friend Mirelle is pregnant, Karen has stopped serving her all of the following EXCEPT:

A) coffee
B) chocolate
C) fruit juice
D) cola

Question 60

Explain the function of the ovaries, oviduct, cilia, uterus, cervix, and vagina.

Question 61

Describe the significant developments that occur during the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods.

Question 62

Differentiate between the terms genotype and phenotype, giving examples of each.