Deck 12: Community Corrections

Question 1

At year-end 2011, approximately what percentage of adults under community supervision were probationers?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Answer 1

80%

Question 2

At year-end 2011, 1 in ________ adults in the U.S. was under community supervision.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 70

Answer 2

50

Question 3

The overall probation population declined for the third consecutive year in 2011, led by five states that accounted for more than 50% of the total decrease. Which of the following states was NOT one of the five states with the largest decreases?

A) Maryland
B) California
C) Texas
D) Florida

Answer 3

Maryland

Question 4

In 2011, approximately what percentage of all probationers in the United States were male?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 5

In 2011, approximately what percentage of all probationers in the United States were white (non-Hispanic)?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 6

In 2011, approximately what percentage of all probationers in the United States had committed felonies?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 7

At the end of 2012, approximately how many federal probation officers did the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts employ?

A) 1,000
B) 3,000
C) 5,000
D) 7,000

Question 8

Which of the following states was the first to impose probation supervision fees?

A) Michigan
B) Massachusetts
C) Missouri
D) Montana

Question 9

According to data provided by the U.S. Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 2011, approximately what percentage of the more than 2.2 million adults discharged from probation whose outcome was known had successfully met the conditions of their supervision?

A) 33%
B) 50%
C) 66%
D) 80%

Question 10

As of 2005, how many states and the federal government had abolished early release by discretion of a parole board for all offenders?

A) 8
B) 19
C) 24
D) 37

Question 11

In 2011, approximately how many adults were under active parole supervision?

A) 250,000
B) 450,000
C) 600,000
D) 850,000

Question 12

In 2011, approximately what percentage of offenders being supervised outside a jail facility (excluding persons on probation or parole) were being supervised by personnel of day reporting centers?

A) 8%
B) 15%
C) 23%
D) 37%

Question 13

In 2011, approximately what percentage of offenders being supervised outside of a jail facility (excluding persons on probation or parole) were being supervised in a home detention program?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 40%

Question 14

Of those offenders participating in a home detention program in 2011, approximately what percentage of them were being electronically monitored?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 95%

Question 15

Florida's house arrest program in 2008 had a success rate of approximately what percentage? (Success was defined as completing a year in the program without being removed for committing new crimes or violating other program rules.)

A) 33%
B) 50%
C) 66%
D) 95%

Question 16

A major limitation of work-release programs is that most inmates must settle for low-skilled and low-paying jobs. This limitation exists for three reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of those reasons?

A) Many employers are reluctant to hire work-release inmates.
B) A large proportion of inmates lack the educational and vocational backgrounds needed to secure higher-paying employment.
C) There is more competition for higher-paying jobs.
D) Inmates on work-release tend to neglect paying restitution or dependent support.

Question 17

Approximately what percentage of state parolees successfully completed their term of supervision in 2011?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%

Question 18

Approximately how many adults under some type of correctional supervision in the U.S. are serving community sentences?

A) one million
B) two million
C) four million
D) five million

Question 19

Which of the following has NOT generally been found in research on parole release?

A) A larger percentage of female parolees than male parolees are successfully discharged from supervision.
B) A larger percentage of Hispanic parolees than black, non-Hispanic parolees are successfully discharged from supervision.
C) Younger parolees have the highest rates of successful parole completion (the younger the parolee the greater the chance of success).
D) Parolees who committed public order offenses are more likely to be successfully discharged from parole than parolees who committed violent, property, or drug offenses.

Question 20

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court establish that parole revocation and, by implication, probation revocation is to be a two-stage process? In the first stage, there must be an informal, preliminary inquiry to establish probable cause that a violation has occurred. In the second stage (assuming that probable cause is established in the first stage), there must be a formal court hearing to determine if the violation warrants revocation.

A) Gagnon v. Scarpelli
B) Morrissey v. Brewer
C) Griffin v. Wisconsin
D) Mempa v. Rhay

Question 21

At the end of 2011, more than twice as many adults were on probation or parole in the United States than in jail or prison.

Question 22

The year 2011 marked the third consecutive year in which the number of adults under community supervision declined.

Question 23

In some states, a special condition of probation for some offenders is that they participate in a program in which they read and discuss books, such as The Old Man and the Sea, Deliverance, The Sea Wolf, Of Mice and Men, and One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest.

Question 24

To determine the types of supervision and services persons placed on probation require, many agencies employ risk-and-needs assessment instruments.

Question 25

The percentage of probationers successfully discharged has remained relatively constant since 1995.

Question 26

In 2012, Charles Manson was denied parole for the twelfth time.

Question 27

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that an offender cannot be imprisoned for failure to pay a fine unless the default is willful, if imprisonment is not an authorized penalty for the offense of which the defendant was convicted.

Question 28

The Justice Department no longer allows the U.S. Bureau of Prisons to assign first-time nonviolent white-collar offenders to federal halfway houses instead of prisons.

Question 29

Seymour has been convicted of possession of marijuana, burglary, and larceny. This is his first conviction, although the PSI has indicated that he has been involved in several previous incidents wherein the charges were dismissed for errors in collecting evidence. The PSI indicates he has above-average intelligence, a high school education, and an intermittent employment record as a salesman. He has family ties in a nearby community, and currently lives with a roommate in an apartment complex. The roommate was not implicated in Seymour's arrest. The judge is likely to place Seymour into an intermediate sanction program with probation because of overcrowded prisons currently filled with violent offenders. What intermediate sanction would you recommend based on this information?