Deck 10: Institutional Corrections

Question 1

Which of the following institutions is commonly regarded as the first state prison in the United States?

A) Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia
B) Auburn Penitentiary in New York
C) Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia
D) Charlestown State Prison in Massachusetts

Answer 1

Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia

Question 2

During which of the following decades was the medical model a popular theory of institutional corrections?

A) 1920s and 1930s
B) 1940s and 1950s
C) 1960s and 1970s
D) 1980s and 1990s

Answer 2

1940s and 1950s

Question 3

At the beginning of 2012, approximately what percentage of all state and federal prison inmates were held in privately operated facilities?

A) 2%
B) 8%
C) 17%
D) 31%

Answer 3

8%

Question 4

At the beginning of 2012, how many states held prison inmates in privately operated facilities?

A) 6
B) 13
C) 22
D) 31

Question 5

At the beginning of 2012, which of the following states held the largest number of prison inmates in privately operated facilities?

A) Texas
B) Florida
C) California
D) New York

Question 6

In 2010, approximately what percentage of all state prisons did private contractors operate?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%

Question 7

Which of the following groups has become a new source of revenue for private corrections contactors under the Obama administration?

A) illegal immigrants
B) foreign terrorists
C) drug law violators
D) All these answers are correct.

Question 8

At the beginning of 2011, the states and the federal government combined operated about ________ adult prisons.

A) 500
B) 750
C) 880
D) 1100

Question 9

What was the approximate number of people under the supervision of local jails at mid-year 2011?

A) 200,000
B) 400,000
C) 800,000
D) 1,500,000

Question 10

Which of the following jurisdictions had the largest average daily jail population at mid-year 2010?

A) Los Angeles County, CA
B) New York City, NY
C) Harris County, TX
D) Cook County, IL

Question 11

Which state had the highest correctional budget in 2010?

A) Texas
B) New York
C) Florida
D) California

Question 12

What was the approximate total amount spent on state and federal prisons in the United States in 2010?

A) $10 billion
B) $50 billion
C) $100 billion
D) $500 billion

Question 13

At year-end 2011, what percentage of all prisoners in the United States were state prisoners?

A) 14%
B) 47%
C) 69%
D) 86%

Question 14

Approximately what percentage of the state prison population is black?

A) 12%
B) 29%
C) 43%
D) 72%

Question 15

At the end of 2010, what type of facility held the largest percentage of state prison inmates?

A) maximum security
B) medium security
C) minimum security
D) "high/close"

Question 16

In 2010, what percentage of all state adult prisons were for both men and women?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 17

Approximately what percentage of the jail population in 2011 consisted of juveniles (under the age of 18)?

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 15%

Question 18

At year-end 2011, approximately what percentage of state and federal prisoners were age 55 or older?

A) 2%
B) 8%
C) 12%
D) 16%

Question 19

In 2010, what percentage of state prison inmate deaths were attributable to AIDS?

A) 0%
B) 3.6%
C) 12%
D) 32.5%

Question 20

Which of the following has NOT been found about private correctional facilities?

A) They can be constructed and opened more quickly than public correctional facilities.
B) The quality of services and programs is frequently superior to those in public correctional facilities.
C) Privatization can substantially increase legal liability costs of operating prisons and jails.
D) Prisoners in private facilities have a broader array of legal remedies when challenging conditions of confinement than prisoners in public facilities.

Question 21

What was the approximate average annual cost of incarceration per prison inmate in 2010?

A) $14,000
B) $29,000
C) $38,000
D) $52,000

Question 22

Long-term incarceration is the modern version of banishment.

Question 23

Penology is the study of prison management and the treatment of offenders.

Question 24

In the convict lease system, counties and states leased thousands of mostly black prisoners to private individuals and companies to work and die in cotton fields, mines, and forests of the Deep South.

Question 25

The Department of Homeland Security's Office of the Inspector General reported in its "Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Performance Plan"
that approximately 300,000 to 450,000 criminal aliens are incarcerated in federal, state, county, and local correctional facilities at an estimated cost of at least $18.6 million a day or nearly $7 billion a year.

Question 26

According to information in your textbook, many communities, desperate for economic development, offered to help fund private-prison companies through tax breaks, infrastructure subsidies, and other benefits. Research has shown that taxpayers subsidized 78% of Corrections Corporation of America's and 69% of Wackenhut's (now GEO's) prisons.

Question 27

According to information in your textbook, between 2004 and 2008, Corrections Corporation of America spent at least $100 million on lobbying.

Question 28

Research shows that private prison executives are paid 100 to 200 times more per year than the heads of state departments of correction.

Question 29

At the end of 2011, there were 5 million prisoners incarcerated in the United States.

Question 30

The state and federal prison population declined for the second consecutive year in 2011.

Question 31

In the 2011 case of Brown v. Plata, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that California's degraded prison conditions led to "needless suffering and death."
The ruling upheld an order by three federal judges forcing state officials to significantly reduce the prison population by more than 30,000 inmates within two years.

Question 32

Fewer than half of state prison inmates were employed in the month preceding their arrests.

Question 33

At year-end 2010, more than half of state prison inmates were serving sentences for violent offenses.

Question 34

At the end of 2012, the federal prison population was larger than the prison population of any state.

Question 35

At the end of 2012, the BOP operated more than 100 institutions.

Question 36

In the federal prison system, each inmate age 55 or older costs the government about $69,000 a year in maintenance costs, two or three times as much as is spent on inmates younger than age 55.

Question 37

According to recent Justice Department research, more than half of all prison and jail inmates have a mental health problem-that is, symptoms of mania, major depression, or a psychotic disorder.

Question 38

The costs of incarcerating the mentally ill are huge. The Justice Department estimates that it costs at least $150 billion a year to house inmates with psychiatric disorders (about $100,000 per inmate per year).

Question 39

The director of a local jail is creating a facility that will be comprised of the following inmate population:
1,000 adult offenders
890 males:
200 drug trafficking offenders
100 armed robbery offenders
150 sexual offense offenders, of which 25 are sexual pedophile offenders
200 burglary offenders
100 fraud offenders
140 felony assault offenders
110 females:
20 prostitution offenders
10 sexual offense offenders, of which 4 are sexual pedophile offenders
50 fraud offenders
10 burglary offenders
10 felony assault offenders
10 drug trafficking offenders
The director has the option of incorporating elements from first-, second-, and third-generation styles within the facility. Using the styles from each generation, what is your recommendation for this jail population?