Deck 13: Visual Disabilities: Low Vision and Blindness

Question 1

Which of the following is the IDEA definition of visual impairment?

A) An impairment in vision that, even with corrections, adversely affects a child's educational performance.
B) Vision problems alone, or combined with other health problems, that prevent an individual from working.
C) Visual acuity less than 20/40 with the best possible correction in the better-seeing eye, and excluding those whose vision loss categorizes them as blind.
D) A level of vision which, with standard correction, hinders an individual in the planning and/or execution of a task, but which permits enhancement of the functional vision through use of optical or nonoptical devices, environmental modifications and/or techniques.

Answer 1

An impairment in vision that, even with corrections, adversely affects a child's educational performance.

Question 2

Crystal is a premature baby. She was born at 20 weeks and placed immediately in an incubator. Based on age of onset, Crystal is ________.

A) adventitiously blind
B) congenitally blind
C) genetically blind
D) low vision

Answer 2

congenitally blind

Question 3

Gretchen was in a car accident when she was 3 years old. Although she was in a car seat, she was hit in the face by the air bag. Consequently, Gretchen was left with a visual impairment. Based on age of onset, Gretchen is ________.

A) adventitiously blind
B) congenitally blind
C) genetically blind
D) low vision

Answer 3

adventitiously blind

Question 4

This professional is a medical doctor who specializes in eye disorders, conducts physical examinations of the eye, prescribes corrective lenses and medicines, prescribes drugs, and performs surgery.

A) Optician
B) Optometrist
C) Chiropractor
D) Ophthalmologist

Question 5

Susan was seen by an eye specialist and was identified as having tunnel vision. This means that Susan ________.

A) has impaired central vision but has peripheral vision
B) has impaired peripheral vision but has central vision
C) has 20/200 vision with corrections
D) has 20/20 vision

Question 6

What percentage of children require special education services because of visual impairments?

A) Less than 0.06%
B) 9%
C) 5%
D) More than 20%

Question 7

The most common eye problems in children, that do not require special education services, include all the following EXCEPT ________.

A) myopia
B) strabismus
C) amblyopia
D) retinoblastoma

Question 8

Bill is a six-year-old student with visual impairments. The teacher and his family have been concerned about Bill's social skills. The teacher has been recording observations of Bill during classroom interactions. The teacher noticed all the following indicators of Bill's social skills challenges EXCEPT ________.

A) engages in inappropriate acts of affection
B) becomes disoriented by quick, unpredictable movements of sighted peers
C) stands too close (i.e., invades personal space)
D) asks too many irrelevant questions

Question 9

Where do most students with visual impairments receive their education?

A) Neighborhood schools and general education classrooms
B) Specialized schools
C) Self-contained classrooms
D) Rehabilitation settings

Question 10

All the following are advantages of specialized schools EXCEPT ________.

A) the faculty and staff have expertise and training in visual disabilities
B) the facilities are often state-of-the art concerning visual accommodations
C) the facilities offer interactions with enrolled sighted peers
D) students can be a part of a community where they do not feel different

Question 11

Leona is a student with low vision. She uses vision as her primary method of learning. Leona's teachers talk to the vision specialist to get suggestions of accommodation that can be made for Leona. The vision specialist recommends all the following accommodations EXCEPT ________.

A) teach the use of Braille
B) use enlarged print
C) use visual cues
D) provide preferential seating

Question 12

Mr. Smith has two students with visual impairments in his honors English class. One student is legally blind and the second student has low vision. Mr. Smith wants to know what accommodations he can implement that will assist both students. The vision specialist suggests the following accommodation for all students with visual impairments EXCEPT ________.

A) enlarged print
B) descriptive videos
C) personal readers
D) digital or electronic textbooks

Question 13

Mrs. Green has just been notified that when school starts in the fall, she will have a legally blind student join her third-grade class. Mrs. Green has been discussing with the vision specialist how to make the classroom safe for the new student with a vision impairment. What suggestions did the vision specialist offer Mrs. Green concerning classroom safety?

A) Cover the student's desk with brightly colored paper to help him or her locate it easily.
B) Avoid placing equipment in front of windows.
C) Secure rugs or mats firmly to the floor.
D) Provide larger desks and storage areas to accommodate technology devices.

Question 14

What home-based instruction can support the gross motor development of infants with visual impairment?

A) Infants with visual impairment are also born with physical impairments and physical therapy can help.
B) Family members and caregivers can attend to subtle cues and respond through tactile and auditory means.
C) Provide opportunities to touch items that other children learn about through sight.
D) Describe explicit explanations and descriptions of what is happening in the environment.

Question 15

All the following are components of the expanded core curriculum for students who are blind, and some students with low vision, EXCEPT ________.

A) social skills
B) assistive technology
C) test taking skills
D) orientation and mobility

Question 16

Mr. Vaugh, the teacher of the visually impaired (TVI), has been asked to give a presentation at the first faculty meeting of the year. Mr. Vaugh wants teachers to know the type of supports that he can provide as a TVI. All the following are supports that Mr. Vaugh can provide except ________.

A) reinforce concepts from the core academic subjects
B) provide instruction in disability-specific skills, such as braille
C) teach components of the expanded core curriculum
D) provide an evaluation of the medical status of children's eyes

Question 17

Braille consists of a system of ________ raised dots, arranged in two vertical lines contained in a cell.

A) nine
B) eight
C) seven
D) six

Question 18

The use of braille is declining for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________.

A) reading braille can be cumbersome and slow
B) a cadre of teachers are available who know how to teach and use braille
C) becoming minimally proficient in the use of braille takes expensive training and practice
D) braille is difficult for students with cognitive impairments to completely master

Question 19

IDEA addressed concerns about braille use which is summarized in all the following statements EXCEPT ________.

A) IEPs must address the issue of braille instruction and the use of braille in classroom settings
B) the child's reading and writing skills, educational needs, and future need for instruction in braille or use of braille must be evaluated
C) employers must provide braille accommodations for workers who are blind
D) the decision whether to use braille cannot be based on factors such as the availability of alternative reading methods or of braille instruction

Question 20

In this stage of the career education process, students with visual impairments may have gaps in their knowledge base that can be addressed by explicitly describing everyday sights, allowing students to tactilely explore job-related items, and explaining what might otherwise be considered common knowledge.

A) Career awareness
B) Career exploration
C) Career preparation
D) Career placement

Question 21

This stage of the career education process may be difficult for students with visual impairments, as training and practice in the expanded core curriculum may take up time during summer, weekends, and evenings. During this time their sighted peers are holding part-time jobs.

A) Career awareness
B) Career exploration
C) Career preparation
D) Career placement

Question 22

Recent research findings indicate that two predictors of post-school employment are: the ability to travel independently outside the home, use public transportation, and arrange train or plane trips; and ________.

A) the ability to self-advocate on the job site
B) high outcome expectations (e.g., an adult's positive self-perceptions about his or her ability to obtain employment, financial self-sufficiency, and independent living)
C) the ability to display literacy skills
D) the possession of a high school diploma or a GED

Question 23

In 1784, this person opened the first school for the blind in Paris.

A) Louise Braille
B) Valentin Hauy
C) Samuel Gridley Howe
D) Frank Hall

Question 24

In 1821, this person opened the first U.S.A. school for students who are blind, the New England Asylum for the Blind.

A) Louise Braille
B) Valentin Hauy
C) Samuel Gridley Howe
D) Frank Hall

Question 25

This new medical technology can detect changes in eye fluid buildup for patients with glaucoma.

A) Retinal microchip implants
B) Electrical stimulation to the brain's visual cortex
C) Prototypical contact lenses
D) Contact lenses with biochemical sensors

Question 26

Compare the definition of blindness with the definition of low vision.

Question 27

Rose's teacher suspects that she may have a vision problem. Describe the signs of vision problems that the teacher may see in the appearance of Rose's eyes, in her school work, and in her behavior and movement. Then identify the professional to whom Rose should be referred and explain why.

Question 28

Rose has been identified as a student with a visual impairment. Now, the teacher wants to know how to accommodate Rose in the classroom. Rose's teacher consults with the teacher of the visually impaired (TVI). Describe two suggested accommodations offered by the TVI that the teacher can make for each of the following categories: students with low vision, students with blindness, and all students with visual impairments.