Deck 9: Appraisal and Research in the Practice of Clinical Mental Health Counseling

Question 1

Assessment and research and program evaluation are identified by CACREP as two of the eight core areas of study that are foundational to all counselors-in-training.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to classical test score theory, any observed score on a given test consists of the:

A) sum of the true score and error score.
B) product of the true score and error score.
C) error score subtracted from the true score.
D) standard error of measure and standard deviation of the observed score.

Answer 2

sum of the true score and error score.

Question 3

In order to assign a meaning of a specific score on an instrument, it is important that a set of __________ be established that is appropriate for the groups for which the instrument is used.

A) norms
B) z-scores
C) standard deviations
D) t-tests

Answer 3

norms

Question 4

The purpose of test standardization is:

A) to establish a set of standard procedures for the administration of the test.
B) to establish a distribution of raw scores for the creation of norms.
C) develop a frame of reference for assigning meanings to test scores.
D) all of the above

Question 5

Which of the following tests are used to measure one's capacity to learn, reason, judge, and effectively adapt to the environment?

A) achievement
B) aptitude
C) personality
D) intelligence

Question 6

Which of the following instruments is used to assess a person's degree of learning in a particular area?

A) intelligence
B) achievement
C) aptitude
D) personality

Question 7

Which of the following tests are commonly used to assist in making university admission decisions?

A) intelligence
B) personality
C) interest
D) aptitude

Question 8

Which of the following instruments is most likely to be used in career decision-making?

A) intelligence
B) achievement
C) aptitude
D) interest

Question 9

The MMPI-2 is considered a:

A) intelligence test
B) interest inventory
C) personality inventory
D) neuropsychological screening device.

Question 10

The Beck Depression Inventory is classified as a:

A) forced-choice instrument
B) projective test
C) neuropsychological screening device
D) self-report clinical scale

Question 11

Regarding the reporting of results and conclusions of testing to examinees, ethical counselors:

A) protect the general welfare of examinees by reporting results to appropriate mental health professionals only.
B) necessarily use technical jargon when reporting results to examinees
C) fully inform examinees of the results obtained
D) always provide a written report to examinees, but rarely discuss the results orally with them.

Question 12

In his study, each person in the specific population had an equal opportunity of being selected as a participant for the study. This approach of selecting participants in referred to as:

A) random sampling
B) stratified random sampling
C) standardization
D) random assignment

Question 13

Which of the following can be considered an operational definition of anxiety?

A) feeling nervous most of the time in most situations
B) subjective self-reports
C) increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweaty palms, increased heart rate
D) the self-statements of anxious individuals

Question 14

Which of the following approaches would you select if asked to assess a child in a classroom setting to determine the amount of time where the child is off-task?

A) experiment
B) interview
C) survey
D) naturalistic observation

Question 15

Researchers have found a strong relationship between number of hours watching television and degree of obesity in adolescents. Which of the following methods was used?

A) experiment
B) correlational methods
C) interviews
D) naturalistic observation

Question 16

The performance of persons is sometimes influenced when they are aware that they are being observed. This is known as the:

A) Buss technique
B) reciprocal determinism
C) Hawthorne effect
D) researcher bias

Question 17

In an experiment, the variable that is measured is referred to as the:

A) control variable
B) independent variable
C) dependent variable
D) confounding variable

Question 18

Which specific approach is used to make conclusions about previously conducted research by aggregating their results?

A) Multiple regression
B) Qualitative methods
C) Meta-analysis
D) Factor analysis

Question 19

Participants surrender the right to withdraw as participants of a study once they have signed an informed consent form.

Question 20

It is always unethical for researchers to use deception to conceal the actual purpose or design of the study from participants.

Question 21

If all examinees score 88 on an exam and, at a later time, score 88 on a parallel form of the original exam, the reliability coefficient would be:

A) 0.0
B) 1.0
C) 0.50
D) cannot be determined

Question 22

The name of the procedure used in question 22 is known as:

A) concurrent validity
B) construct reliability
C) test-retest reliability
D) standard error of measure

Question 23

Bowlby's theory of attachment states that the quality of one's attachment relationship influences later relationships. High scores on the attachment instrument, indicating secure attachment, correlate positively with marital stability, but correlate negatively with occurrence of divorce. Which of the following is established?

A) interrater reliability
B) face validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) construct validity

Question 24

A two-dimensional chart that provides evidence that the appropriate topics are included and adequately sampled is referred to as table of specification

Question 25

Neurotherapy that uses ________________ can assist clients in learning to develop more functional emotional and behavioral responses in the context of stress-inducing stimuli.

A) Neurofeedback
B) neurolinguistic programming
C) The Bender Gestalt
D) The Stroop Word Color Test

Question 26

What are some of the reasons why many counselors in practice find little value in published research? To what extent do you see validity in such a perspective?

Question 27

Identify and briefly discuss the primary steps in conducting empirical research.

Question 28

Discuss how the ethical concept of confidentiality relates to empirical research. Describe what specific actions you would take to protect the confidentiality of research participants.

Question 29

Discuss how the concept of informed consent relates to either appraisal or research in counseling.