Deck 3: Jails

Question 1

Which of the following is an early English term for a jail?

A) lockup
B) workhouse
C) gaol
D) jail

Answer 1

gaol

Question 2

Which of the following is a reason for the significant increase in the use of jails from 1985 to 2008?

A) the "soft on crime" mentality of the public
B) the overcrowding of state and federal prisons over the past decade
C) the decreasing use of split sentences
D) the serious budget crises of local governments

Answer 2

the overcrowding of state and federal prisons over the past decade

Question 3

Which was a requirement for English prisons and jails as specified by the English Penitentiary Act of 1779?

A) harsh and unsanitary conditions
B) housing inmates in common cells
C) systematic inspections
D) fees charged to inmates

Answer 3

systematic inspections

Question 4

Which of the following categories of offenders can be held in a jail?

A) individuals who have posted bond
B) juveniles sentenced to a juvenile facility
C) probation, parole, and bail bond violators and absconders
D) inmates sentenced to terms of more than ten years

Question 5

In rural counties, which elected official oversees the operation of the jail?

A) prosecutor
B) sheriff
C) local magistrate
D) chief of police

Question 6

Which of the following is described as statistical approaches to consider the risk of escape and violence by inmates?

A) censuses of jail facilities
B) subjective classification processes
C) direct supervision plans
D) objective classification systems

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of a third-generation jail?

A) The cells are aligned in long, straight rows, with walkways in the front of the cells.
B) It uses podular housing designs and remote supervision.
C) It is designed to minimize interaction between inmates and jail staff.
D) Correctional officers are located in the housing unit in direct contact with inmates.

Question 8

What main factor differentiates jails from prisons?

A) type of sentence
B) overcrowding
C) type of inmate
D) length of stay

Question 9

A very large percentage of arrested and jailed offenders make bond and are released within ________.

A) six weeks
B) one month
C) two hours
D) forty-eight hours

Question 10

Jail inmates may have only noncontact visits. What type of visitor is the exception?

A) parent
B) close friend
C) attorney
D) spouse

Question 11

Which is one of the three most important reasons for effective jail classification systems?

A) They provide a guide for giving inmates proper substance abuse counseling.
B) They provide a guide for identifying inmates with a high risk of escape.
C) They provide a guide for identifying juvenile inmates.
D) They provide a guide for identifying the educational needs of inmates.

Question 12

Which is the most important element in the operations and policies of all correctional facilities?

A) the programs offered
B) the services provided
C) the physical security
D) the staff

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE of jail staffing?

A) Jails are better managed through a consistent routine of operations.
B) Jails offer extensive programs and services, making professional staff the largest category of staff.
C) Jails staff are becoming less diverse in terms of gender.
D) Jail staff members outnumber the inmates.

Question 14

About how many more jails are there in the United States than prisons?

A) just as many
B) three times as many
C) twice as many
D) five times as many

Question 15

Which of the following facilitates continuous communication between jail staff and inmates, thus reducing tension and avoiding the development of conflicts among inmates or between inmates and staff?

A) second-generation jails
B) first-generation jails
C) direct supervision jails
D) podular design

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE of private correctional agencies?

A) Private correctional agencies enter into a contract with governments to house jail inmates.
B) Private correctional agencies are not-for-profit entities that provide programming for offenders.
C) Private correctional agencies are not required to meet professional standards for jail operations.
D) Private correctional agencies independently decide on security policies for inmates.

Question 17

Which is a primary reason for new jail construction over the past decade?

A) Courts have ruled that second-generation jails are unconstitutional.
B) The number of successful legal challenges by jail inmates for overcrowding has increased.
C) Private companies have determined that building and operating new jails is unprofitable.
D) Jails are relatively inexpensive to build and staff.

Question 18

What is the greatest cause of death among jail inmates other than illness or natural causes?

A) homicide
B) suicide
C) drugs
D) AIDS

Question 19

Which of the following would be considered a practical suicide prevention activity for a jail?

A) improving communication between inmates who are housed together
B) training correctional and mental health staff to be aware of the risk of suicide
C) asking roundabout suicide-related questions at inmate intake screening and assessment
D) remodeling all jail cells to be suicide resistant

Question 20

Each year, jails admit about five times as many offenders as all other correctional components combined.

Question 21

Jails are designed to hold sentenced offenders for very long terms of confinement.

Question 22

Early jails in the American colonies followed the English model.

Question 23

The warden is the elected official who oversees both policing activities within the county and the operation of the jail.

Question 24

The average length of stay in a jail is 30 months.

Question 25

Offenders are fingerprinted and booked into the jail before arrest.

Question 26

Jails have limited programs, such as education, substance abuse counseling, or work.

Question 27

Jail staff members are always extremely outnumbered by the inmates in any correctional setting.

Question 28

Over the last thirty years, the number of criminal offenders with mental illness has risen.

Question 29

A lockup is a jail that serves more than one county and is overseen by a regional jail commission.

Question 30

The number of people in the nation's jails has decreased significantly over the past twenty years.

Question 31

Sentenced offenders can serve up to one year in jail.

Question 32

The high volume of jail admissions and releases often results in mistakes.

Question 33

Second-generation jails use a linear design for housing inmates.

Question 34

The nation's jails employ less than half as many staff members as state and federal prisons.

Question 35

The first jails were created in ________.

Question 36

A(n) ________ is a cell commonly located in police stations that holds people for a short time until they are transferred to a full-service jail.

Question 37

The number of people per 100,000 residents who are in jail or prison is known as the ________ rate.

Question 38

Statistical approaches to considering the risk of escape and violence by inmates are called ________ classification systems.

Question 39

The largest percentage of jail staff are correctional ________, who supervise inmates or provide facility security.

Question 40

________-generation jails housed inmates using a linear design, with cells aligned in long, straight rows.

Question 41

Jails with a(n) ________ design provide common dayroom areas in the center of a unit of cells, and house fewer inmates.

Question 42

________-generation jails used podular designs with remote supervision.

Question 43

In ________-generation jails, correctional officers are located in the housing unit in direct contact with inmates.

Question 44

The ________ supervision approach requires staff to continuously be in contact with, supervise, and communicate with inmates.

Question 45

In the 1979 Supreme Court case ________ v. Wolfish, the punitive intent standard was adopted for considering violations of the Eighth Amendment regarding jail operations.

Question 46

Suicide ________ programs are jail and prison programs that include early detection of suicide risks.

Question 47

Suicide ________ is the management of suicidal inmates who are placed in a specially designed cell and are placed under constant supervision.

Question 48

A(n) ________ jail serves more than one county and results in economies of scale that make its operation more financially reasonable.

Question 49

The time that an inmate serves in a jail or prison is called the ________ of stay.

Question 50

Match the jail design with the appropriate description.

-First-generation jails

A) Jails using a linear design for housing inmates, in which cells are aligned in long, straight rows, with walkways in the front of the cells for jail correctional officers to walk intermittently to observe what is going on in the cells
B) Jail designs without remote control centers, in which correctional officers are located in the housing unit in direct contact with inmates
C) Jails using podular housing designs and remote supervision; officers are located in a secure control room overlooking the cells and dayroom, with electronic controls to open and close individual cell doors

Question 51

Match the jail design with the appropriate description.

-Second-generation jails

A) Jails using a linear design for housing inmates, in which cells are aligned in long, straight rows, with walkways in the front of the cells for jail correctional officers to walk intermittently to observe what is going on in the cells
B) Jail designs without remote control centers, in which correctional officers are located in the housing unit in direct contact with inmates
C) Jails using podular housing designs and remote supervision; officers are located in a secure control room overlooking the cells and dayroom, with electronic controls to open and close individual cell doors

Question 52

Match the jail design with the appropriate description.

-Third-generation jails

A) Jails using a linear design for housing inmates, in which cells are aligned in long, straight rows, with walkways in the front of the cells for jail correctional officers to walk intermittently to observe what is going on in the cells
B) Jail designs without remote control centers, in which correctional officers are located in the housing unit in direct contact with inmates
C) Jails using podular housing designs and remote supervision; officers are located in a secure control room overlooking the cells and dayroom, with electronic controls to open and close individual cell doors

Question 53

Describe the type of individuals a jail can hold.

Question 54

Why is jail classification important?

Question 55

Why are resources so limited for jail inmates?

Question 56

What is the importance of Bell v. Wolfish in regard to the treatment of jail inmates?