Deck 8: The Juvenile Correctional System

Question 1

When did the Refuge Period develop?

A) between 1992 and 1999
B) between 1824 and 1899
C) between 1900 and 1944
D) between 1997 and 2006

Answer 1

between 1824 and 1899

Question 2

Which of the following refers to a term created by DiIulio to describe a generation of violent youths who practiced almost indiscriminant violence on the streets?

A) adult delinquents
B) adultification
C) superpredators
D) neglected youth

Answer 2

superpredators

Question 3

When and where was the first juvenile court established?

A) Denver, 1925
B) Los Angeles, 1941
C) Chicago, 1899
D) New York, 1954

Answer 3

Chicago, 1899

Question 4

What is the general removal of juveniles from correctional institutions and their introduction in community alternatives called?

A) institutionalization
B) deinstitutionalization
C) residential placement
D) delinquency petition

Question 5

Which of the following describes the process of finding a juvenile guilty of a delinquent act?

A) remand
B) certification
C) binding over
D) adjudication

Question 6

Which best describes children who may be without a parent or guardian, possibly because the parent is physically or mentally unable to act in that capacity?

A) neglected
B) dependent
C) superpredators
D) delinquent

Question 7

Which term best describes children who have a parent or guardian, but are NOT receiving proper care or have a home situation that is harmful to them?

A) dependent
B) status offenders
C) neglected
D) delinquent

Question 8

Which of the following is a status offense?

A) burglary
B) trespassing
C) driving while intoxicated
D) truancy

Question 9

What is the name for the legal exception related to a youth's age, alleged offense, and court history that can place a youth under the jurisdiction of the adult criminal court?

A) status offense
B) statutory exclusion
C) waiver to adult court
D) juvenile detention

Question 10

What do the juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system have in common?

A) Rehabilitation of offenders is a primary goal.
B) The public has access to information about offenders.
C) Plea bargaining is common.
D) Constitutional rights apply.

Question 11

Which of the following applies to the criminal justice system but not the juvenile justice system?

A) The standard of "proof beyond a reasonable doubt" is required.
B) Community policing strategies are used.
C) The accused has a right to a jury trial.
D) Community protection is a primary goal.

Question 12

Which of the following is the process during which officials determine whether a juvenile case should be dismissed, handled informally, or referred to the juvenile court?

A) consent decree
B) order
C) referral
D) intake

Question 13

Which of the following is the formal processing of a juvenile offense through the juvenile court?

A) referral
B) order
C) statutory exclusion
D) informal probation

Question 14

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court set forth that juveniles must have "the essentials of due process"?

A) Fare v. Michael
B) Kent v. United States
C) Breed v. Jones
D) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 15

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that in hearings in which juveniles may be committed to an institution, they have the right to counsel, to notice of the charges against them, to question witnesses, and to protection against self-incrimination?

A) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
B) In re Winship
C) Kent v. United States
D) In re Gault

Question 16

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court determine that a finding of guilt for juveniles had to meet the standard of "beyond a reasonable doubt"?

A) In re Winship
B) Schall v. Martin
C) Kent v. United States
D) In re Sanford

Question 17

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court uphold the use of preventive detention pending trial for juveniles?

A) Schall v. Martin
B) Breed v. Jones
C) In re Gault
D) In re Winship

Question 18

For which process do states use terms such as certification, remand, or bind over?

A) juvenile detention
B) statutory exclusions
C) waiver to adult courts
D) age of original jurisdiction

Question 19

What is the average age of arrested juvenile gang members?

A) 10-12
B) 15-16
C) 21-22
D) 17-18

Question 20

Which of the following refers to an informal handling of a juvenile justice case, in which the delinquent juvenile admits to wrongdoing and agrees to specific conditions of behavior; sometimes called informal probation?

A) juvenile detention
B) status offense
C) superpredator
D) consent decree

Question 21

The FBI collects both juvenile and adult crime data in the annual Uniform Crime Reports.

Question 22

In the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, Congress required assessments of the juvenile justice system to identify youth who were helped, rather than victimized, by placement in juvenile facilities.

Question 23

The goals and philosophies of the juvenile justice system are nearly identical to those of the criminal justice system.

Question 24

The juvenile justice process usually begins with a complaint to the police and a contact between a law enforcement officer and the juvenile.

Question 25

The juvenile justice system does not have intermediate sanctions between probation and incarceration.

Question 26

Education is a predominant feature in juvenile residential facilities.

Question 27

The placement of juvenile delinquents in a residential facility is the first and most common outcome.

Question 28

The U.S. Supreme Court still allows the execution of juvenile offenders who have committed very serious crimes.

Question 29

There is currently little difference between the procedural due process requirements of the juvenile and adult justice systems.

Question 30

Criminologists have consistently found that, when compared to youth who do not belong to gangs, gang members are far more involved in delinquency, especially serious and violent delinquency.

Question 31

Neither rehabilitation nor juvenile accountability alone has been effective in dealing with juvenile drug crime.

Question 32

In the juvenile justice system, the term that connotes "committed the act" is responsible, whereas in the adult justice system it is guilty.

Question 33

Gangs have no defined organizational structure.

Question 34

The juvenile justice system was widely in place elsewhere when Illinois passed the Juvenile Court Act.

Question 35

The balanced and restorative justice (BARJ) perspective emphasizes collaborative efforts by all parties within the juvenile justice system.

Question 36

A(n) ________ offense is an activity that is considered a crime only because the offender is under age 18 and would not be considered a crime if committed by an adult.

Question 37

________ exclusions are exceptions that can place a youth under the original jurisdiction of the adult criminal court.

Question 38

The system that handles juvenile delinquents is the juvenile ________ system.

Question 39

The doctrine of ________ patriae is the basis for the juvenile court and correctional systems to take responsibility for educating and nurturing delinquents.

Question 40

A move to make the juvenile justice system look and operate more like an adult correctional system is known as ________.

Question 41

The direct assignment of specific offenses committed by juveniles to be handled in the adult courts is also known as ________ waiver.

Question 42

________ waivers allow juvenile courts to decide on a case-by-case basis whether the court will waive the processing of the juvenile to adult court.

Question 43

The upper or oldest age at which a juvenile court has jurisdiction over categories of offenders is known as age of ________ jurisdiction.

Question 44

A youth who is under the original jurisdiction of both the juvenile and criminal courts is under ________ jurisdiction.

Question 45

The temporary care of children in physically restricted facilities pending court disposition or transfer to another jurisdiction or agency is known as juvenile ________.

Question 46

A consent ________ is sometimes referred to as informal probation.

Question 47

A(n) ________ is similar to the sentence for an adult.

Question 48

A statement of the delinquent acts a juvenile is alleged to have committed is known as a delinquency ________.

Question 49

________ is the supervision of a juvenile in the community after he or she has served time in a juvenile correctional institution.

Question 50

Juvenile social ________ workers are staff who work in juvenile correctional institutions, filling a dual role of case managers and correctional officers in adult prisons.

Question 51

Match the event with the appropriate step in the juvenile justice process.

-Intake

A) Sanction for the juvenile
B) Juvenile admits to wrongdoing
C) Find a juvenile guilty
D) Determination if a case should be dismissed or referred to court

Question 52

Match the event with the appropriate step in the juvenile justice process.

-Consent decree

A) Sanction for the juvenile
B) Juvenile admits to wrongdoing
C) Find a juvenile guilty
D) Determination if a case should be dismissed or referred to court

Question 53

Match the event with the appropriate step in the juvenile justice process.

-Adjudicate

A) Sanction for the juvenile
B) Juvenile admits to wrongdoing
C) Find a juvenile guilty
D) Determination if a case should be dismissed or referred to court

Question 54

Match the event with the appropriate step in the juvenile justice process.

-Order

A) Sanction for the juvenile
B) Juvenile admits to wrongdoing
C) Find a juvenile guilty
D) Determination if a case should be dismissed or referred to court

Question 55

Discuss the three categories of offenders recognized by the juvenile justice system.

Question 56

Explain how In Re Gault affected the treatment of juvenile offenders.

Question 57

The original purpose of the juvenile justice system was to rehabilitate young people and avoid stigma of criminality. How are we currently deterring this goal?

Question 58

Propose a potential program that could divert status offenders out of the juvenile justice system and back into the community.