Deck 28: The Immune System

Question 1

Which of the following can cause an immune response and subsequent immunity?

A) white blood cells
B) interleukins
C) interferons
D) antigens
E) fever

Answer 1

antigens

Question 2

The part of the immune system that will attack any invader is the:

A) antibodies.
B) nonspecific defense.
C) antigens.
D) specific defense.

Answer 2

nonspecific defense.

Question 3

Childhood and adult vaccination relies on:

A) phagocytes.
B) nonspecific defense.
C) antibiotics.
D) specific defense.

Answer 3

specific defense.

Question 4

Tears and saliva contain proteins called ________ that protect you against disease.

A) antibodies
B) antigens
C) lysozymes
D) interleukins

Question 5

Some people are allergic to peanuts. This is most likely due to:

A) the fact that plant cells are so different from human cells.
B) the fact that peanuts are not a normal part of the diet.
C) lipids on the surface of the peanut's cell.
D) proteins on the surface of the peanut's cell.

Question 6

Which of the following are signaling molecules used to boost the immune system?

A) lysozymes
B) interleukins
C) complement proteins
D) antigens

Question 7

Urinary tract infections are generally rare because:

A) urine is acidic.
B) urine contains many white blood cells.
C) urine contains antibodies.
D) urine contains protective lysozymes.

Question 8

Before it causes disease, a pathogen must first cross:

A) the lining of the stomach.
B) the blood-brain barrier.
C) from the blood into a cell.
D) an epithelium barrier.

Question 9

Why are macrophages considered part of the nonspecific response system?

A) They don't produce memory cells.
B) They kill many different types of pathogens.
C) They display portions of a virus on their surface.
D) They induce the production of antibodies.
E) They decrease the reproduction of the flu virus.

Question 10

Antihistamines (such as Benadryl) work to inhibit the normal function of which type of white blood cell?

A) mast cells
B) monocytes
C) eosinophils
D) lymphocytes

Question 11

Which type of cell can ingest/destroy bacteria?

A) mast cells
B) lymphocytes
C) phagocytes
D) red blood cells

Question 12

A lung cell that is infected with a virus would be attacked by:

A) mast cells.
B) lymphocytes.
C) natural killer cells.
D) red blood cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of histamine?

A) It prevents proteins from leaving the blood easily.
B) It is produced by lymphocytes.
C) It makes the heart beat faster.
D) It dilates blood vessels.

Question 14

The chemicals that cut holes in the cell membrane of invading bacteria are:

A) antigens.
B) complement proteins.
C) interleukins.
D) lysozymes.

Question 15

Refer to the figure above and then answer the questions that follow.

-The polio vaccine injects harmless antigens from the poliovirus into our bodies. As a result, our bodies make antibodies against the poliovirus, so that if it ever came into our body we would be able to fight it off. Such a vaccine would best fit into which category?

A) passively acquired immunity
B) artificially acquired immunity
C) actively acquired immunity
D) innate immunity

Question 16

Refer to the figure above and then answer the questions that follow.

-IgA (immunoglobulin A) , which is a type of antibody found in breast milk, can confer some resistance to newborns. As such, it is an example of:

A) natural passive immunity.
B) artificial passive immunity.
C) naturally acquired immunity.
D) artificially acquired immunity.

Question 17

Refer to the figure above and then answer the questions that follow.

-Bobby received a flu vaccination this year, but 1 month after he got the vaccine, he got sick with the flu. Which statement could explain the problem that Bobby's body had?

A) His body produced too many memory cells against the vaccination pathogen.
B) His own nonspecific response, instead of the specific immune system, attacked the virus.
C) The vaccine was not for the same flu virus that made Bobby sick.
D) The virus in the vaccine was dead.

Question 18

Refer to the figure above and then answer the questions that follow.

-The gamma globulin vaccination is an example of:

A) passively acquired immunity.
B) artificially acquired active immunity.
C) natural actively acquired immunity.
D) innate immunity.

Question 19

Refer to the figure above and then answer the questions that follow.

-Which characteristic below would be specific to attack a pathogenic bacteria and not attack a pathogenic virus?

A) It will cause a specific immune response.
B) It must be able to cause illness in the host organism.
C) It is eukaryotic.
D) It must invade a cell to reproduce.
E) It can be killed by antibiotics.

Question 20

Refer to the figure above and then answer the questions that follow.

-Some vaccines contain live bacteria. Before they are injected into the body, these bacteria:

A) must be killed by heating.
B) are weakened so they do not cause disease.
C) have all their antigens removed.
D) are mixed with antibiotics.

Question 21

One result of leukemia, a cancer of the white blood cells in the bone marrow, is that many immature white blood cells circulate throughout the body, but very few mature ones circulate. What effect, if any, would this have on antibody- and cell-mediated immunity?

A) T cells would attack B cells, but only cell-mediated immunity would be affected.
B) T cells and B cells wouldn't mature, and thus both types of immunity would be greatly affected.
C) There would be no effect.
D) Neutrophils would attack the bone marrow.

Question 22

What is the relationship between an antibody and an antigen?

A) Antibodies make us sick; antigens cure us.
B) Antibodies are made from antigens.
C) Antibodies are produced by pathogens, in response to our body's antigens.
D) Antigens are recognized by antibodies, and they can bind to each other.
E) Antigens are stored inside antibodies.

Question 23

If a person has been exposed to hundreds of different pathogens in his or her life, antibody-mediated immunity means that the person has hundreds of different:

A) B cells.
B) mast cells.
C) eosinophils.
D) macrophages.

Question 24

Suppose you made a chemical that kills dendritic cells. Which of the following would be affected the most?

A) nonspecific defenses
B) cell-mediated immunity
C) antibody-mediated immunity

Question 25

Refer to the figure above and then answer the questions that follow.

-Which of the following is not true of HIV?

A) It changes its surface proteins frequently.
B) It inserts a copy of viral DNA into the nucleus of infected cells.
C) New viruses are assembled in the nucleus of infected cells.
D) When it buds off from an infected cell, it surrounds itself with part of the infected cell's membrane.

Question 26

Refer to the figure above and then answer the questions that follow.

-In the disease rheumatoid arthritis:

A) a virus infects the cells around the joints.
B) antibodies from the immune system attack the tissue around the joints.
C) bacteria infect the joints.
D) phagocytes digest the cartilage on the ends of the joints.

Question 27

Lymphocytes can ingest other cells.

Question 28

Dendritic cells are a type of antigen-presenting cell.

Question 29

Lysozymes are a type of enzyme.

Question 30

Specific defenses can respond more quickly to an invading pathogen than the nonspecific defenses.

Question 31

Antibodies are part of the normal outer layer of pathogens.

Question 32

The epithelium is a tissue that is one cell layer thick.

Question 33

Keratin helps to waterproof the skin.

Question 34

Cilia in the air passages clean dust and dirt out of the lungs.

Question 35

Cuts can often get infected with bacteria because many sharp objects already have bacteria on their surface.

Question 36

Phagocytes store histamine inside their cells.

Question 37

Macrophages are usually the first white blood cells to reach a site of infection.

Question 38

Antibodies from a person previously exposed to a disease can be injected into other patients suffering from the same infection.

Question 39

Passively acquired immunity from a gamma globulin shot lasts for many years.

Question 40

You must be directly exposed to a live particular pathogen to get actively acquired immunity.

Question 41

T cells are produced in the thalamus.

Question 42

Colds are caused by one specific type of virus.

Question 43

B cell receptors can recognize only one antigen.

Question 44

T cell antibodies can recognize only one antigen.

Question 45

The precursors to B cells are formed in the bone marrow.

Question 46

Lifelong immunity to a particular disease depends on memory T cells.

Question 47

Dendritic cells have a smooth, round appearance.

Question 48

Interleukin 2 is a signaling molecule produced from helper T cells.

Question 49

AIDS patients usually don't die from the HIV infection directly.

Question 50

Asthma is a disease in which the immune system causes inflammation of the airways.

Question 51

________ are protective proteins found in tears and saliva.

Question 52

Inflammation is a type of ________ defense.

Question 53

Antibodies are a type of ________ defense.

Question 54

A neutrophil is a part of your ________ defense.

Question 55

Increased numbers of plasma cells are an example of a/an ________ defense.

Question 56

An antigen receptor on a circulating B cell is also called a/an ________.

Question 57

Edward Jenner protected patients from smallpox by vaccinating them with ________.

Question 58

The main antigen-presenting cell in the body is the ________.

Question 59

Asthma and rheumatoid arthritis are both examples of ________ disorders.