Deck 10: Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

In the genotype Aabb,

A) A is a dominant allele.
B) a and b are alleles of each other.
C) A and b are at the same locus.
D) A and a are dominant genes.

Answer 1

A is a dominant allele.

Question 2

A gene that can be masked by another gene is called

A) pleiotropy.
B) dominant.
C) incompletely dominant.
D) recessive.

Answer 2

recessive.

Question 3

A locus is

A) an alternative form of the gene for a particular characteristic.
B) the gene that, when present with its allele, expresses itself.
C) the spot on a chromosome where an allele is located.
D) the concept that a number of different pairs of alleles may combine their efforts to determine a characteristic.

Answer 3

the spot on a chromosome where an allele is located.

Question 4

A condition in which a diploid organism has different allelic forms of a particular gene is the definition of

A) homozygous.
B) phenotype.
C) genotype.
D) heterozygous.

Question 5

A heterozygous condition would be characterized by the possession of alleles for

A) red hair.
B) red hair and red hair.
C) brown hair.
D) brown hair and red hair.

Question 6

A homozygous recessive condition is

A) aa.
B) Aa.
C) AA.
D) AaBb.

Question 7

The expression of a gene is called

A) probability.
B) phenotype.
C) genotype.
D) pleiotropy.

Question 8

A homozygous condition would be the possession of alleles for

A) red hair and blonde hair.
B) red hair and red hair.
C) brown hair and black hair.
D) brown hair and red hair.

Question 9

If I^A and I^B dominate i, which phenotype indicates the genotype when the alleles I^A and i are present?

A) type A blood
B) type B blood
C) type AB blood
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 10

A male has a genotype RrTt. What is the probability of his producing Rt sperm cells?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%

Question 11

When two dice are thrown, both dice will show the number three

A) one in two times.
B) one in six times.
C) one in thirty-six times.
D) one in four times.

Question 12

The chances of guessing the right answer to this question are

A) 1/1.
B) 1/2.
C) 1/3.
D) 1/4.

Question 13

In a fifty-two card deck, the chances of drawing the only ace of spades are

A) 1/4.
B) 1/52.
C) 1/13.
D) 1/26.

Question 14

In pea plants, smooth seeds (S) are dominant over wrinkled seeds (S). A cross is made between a wrinkled-seed variety and a heterozygous smooth-seed variety. The chance of getting offspring homozygous for smooth seeds is

A) 0/4.
B) 1/4.
C) 1/2.
D) 1/1.

Question 15

In fruit flies normal wings are dominant over vestigial wings. If a homozygous normal-winged fly and vestigial-winged fly were crossed, what would the phenotype of the fly offspring be?

A) all vestigial-winged
B) all normal-winged
C) three normal: one vestigial-winged
D) one normal-winged: two half-winged: one vestigial-winged

Question 16

In humans, normal vision dominates color-deficiency, and both are X-linked. (The genes are located on the X chromosome.) A color-deficient male marries a woman who is heterozygous for normal vision. If they have a boy, the chance that he will be color-deficient is

A) 100%.
B) 0%.
C) 75%.
D) 50%.

Question 17

In humans, the genes for blood type A and B show lack of dominance to one another and both dominate O. Two type O people would be able to have

A) 1 O: 1 A: 1 B: 1 AB type children.
B) only O type children.
C) 1 O: 1 A type children.
D) only AB type children.

Question 18

In humans, normal skin dominates albino skin; a cross between two albino people results in

A) two normal and two albino.
B) all normal.
C) all albino.
D) three albino and one normal.

Question 19

The probability of parents with the genotypes (Mm) * (Mm) having an offspring with the genotype (mm) is

A) 1/2.
B) 1/4.
C) 3/8.
D) 0.

Question 20

The probability of parents with the genotypes (Ll) (ll) having an offspring with the genotype (ll) is

A) 1/2.
B) 1/4.
C) 3/8.
D) 0.

Question 21

The sex of mammals is determined by

A) the autosomes they receive.
B) the type of sex chromosomes received.
C) the number of recessive chromosomes received.
D) None of these answers is or may be a factor.

Question 22

The typical human male has

A) 22 pairs of chromosomes.
B) 22 pairs of chromosomes and two Y chromosomes.
C) 22 pairs of chromosomes and one X and one Y chromosome.
D) 23 X or 23 Y chromosomes.

Question 23

Which of the following represents the sex chromosomes of a typical human female?

A) XY
B) XXX
C) XO
D) XX

Question 24

The Y chromosome is in the

A) egg.
B) egg or sperm.
C) polar body.
D) sperm.

Question 25

The sex chromosomes determine the sex of mammals and are

A) female, YX; male, XX.
B) female, Y; male, X.
C) female, X; male, XX.
D) female, XX; male, XY.

Question 26

If a sperm containing an X chromosome fertilizes an egg, the child will normally be

A) a girl.
B) a boy.
C) twins, a boy and a girl.
D) twin boys.

Question 27

When a gene has the ability to influence several different aspects of the phenotype of an organism, this is referred to as

A) polygenic inheritance.
B) pleiotropy.
C) multiple alleles.
D) lack of dominance.

Question 28

A gene found on the X chromosome is a(n)

A) female gene.
B) X-linked gene.
C) dominant gene.
D) locus.

Question 29

If one pair of genes could cause some flowers to have red petals or yellow petals and could also determine the strength of the stem, this would be an example of

A) polygenic inheritance.
B) pleiotropy.
C) recessiveness.
D) hybrid.

Question 30

A case of more than one gene influencing one phenotypic characteristic is called

A) pleiotropy.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) X-linked.
D) monohybrid.

Question 31

In fruit flies, long wing (L) is dominant, vestigial wing (l) is recessive, gray body (G) is dominant, ebony body (g) is recessive. Two fruit flies were mated that were long-winged with gray bodies. The genotype of these two parental flies is LlGg * LlGg. What proportion of the offspring flies would have long wings and gray bodies?

A) All offspring would be long-winged with gray bodies.
B) Nine-sixteenths of the offspring would be long-winged with gray bodies.
C) Three-fourths of the offspring would be long-winged with gray bodies.
D) Seven-sixteenths of the offspring would be long-winged with gray bodies.

Question 32

Smooth fur dominates rough fur; black and white fur are incompletely dominant and result in gray. A rough gray crossed with a rough gray would produce

A) all rough gray.
B) 1/2 rough black, 1/2 rough white.
C) 1/2 rough black, 1/4 rough gray, 1/4 rough white.
D) 1/4 rough black, 1/2 rough gray, 1/4 rough white.

Question 33

Brown eyes (B) dominate blue eyes (b); black hair (H) dominates blond hair (h). In order to have an offspring ratio of 1/4 brown eyes, black hair, 1/4 brown eyes, blond hair, 1/4 blue eyes, black hair, and 1/4 blue eyes, blond hair, the genotype of the parents would have to be

A) bbHh * Bbhh.
B) bbhh * BbHh.
C) Bbhh * bbHh.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 34

The trait for color dominates albino, and black fur dominates red fur. If an animal homozygous for color and heterozygous for black fur is crossed with an albino homozygous for red, the ratio of offspring would be

A) 1/2 red, 1/2 black.
B) all albino.
C) all red.
D) 1/2 albino, 1/4 black, 1/4 red.

Question 35

If the many offspring of a double-factor cross always have both recessive traits,

A) one parent was homozygous dominant for both traits.
B) both parents were homozygous dominant for both traits.
C) one parent was homozygous recessive for both traits.
D) both parents were homozygous recessive for both traits.

Question 36

In pea plants, a gene R produces red flowers and is dominant to a gene r, which produces white flowers. A gene T produces tall plants and is dominant to a gene t for short plants. If a plant that is homozygous for red flowers and heterozygous for tallness is crossed with a plant that is short and white, what will be the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

A) one tall red:one short red
B) nine tall red:three short red:three tall white:one short white
C) three tall red:one short red:one tall white
D) one short white:two short red:one tall white

Question 37

The sex of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is determined as follows: XX chromosomes give a female and XY give a male. The gene for bar eyes is recessive and located on the X chromosome. If two bar-eyed flies are mated, what percentage of the offspring will have bar eyes?

A) none
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%

Question 38

The sex of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is determined as follows: XX chromosomes give a female and XY give a male. The gene for bar eyes is recessive and located on the X chromosome. If a male with normal eyes is mated with a female who has normal eyes but is heterozygous,

A) all of the female offspring will have bar eyes.
B) 1/2 the offspring will have bar eyes.
C) 1/2 the males will have bar eyes.
D) none of the offspring will have bar eyes.

Question 39

The sex of the fruit fly Drosophila melangaster is determined as follows: XX chromosomes give a female and XY give a male. The gene for bar eyes is recessive and located on the X chromosome. If you had a normal-eyed female and did not know whether she was homozygous or heterozygous, you could determine her genotype by mating her with

A) any kind of male.
B) normal-eyed males only.
C) bar-eyed males only.
D) homozygous, bar-eyed males only.

Question 40

Human skin color is thought to be determined by at least three pairs of alleles. If dark skin (D) is dominant to light skin (d), the genotypes that will produce the darkest skin are

A) D¹d¹ D²d² D³d³.
B) D¹D¹ D²d² d³d³.
C) d¹d¹ D²D² D³d³.
D) D¹d¹ D²d² D³D³.

Question 41

The information within the central squares of a Punnett square represents

A) parental genotypes.
B) parental gametes.
C) offspring genotypes.
D) gamete phenotypes.

Question 42

In the cross AaBb * AaBb, ____ of the offspring will express ___.

A) 1/16; both dominant traits
B) 3/16; one dominant and one recessive trait
C) 6/16; one dominant and one recessive trait
D) 3/16; both recessive traits

Question 43

Two genes located on the same chromosome are

A) homologous.
B) homozygous.
C) linked.
D) autosomes.

Question 44

According to the diagram, genes ______ are most likely to be inherited together and genes ______ are least likely to be inherited together.

A) A and B; A and C
B) A and B; B and C
C) B and C; A and C
D) A and C; A and B

Question 45

Which of the following does NOT express one of Mendel's laws?

A) When two different alleles are present for a given trait, the expression of one will mask the expression of the other.
B) Alleles separate during the formation of sex cells.
C) During the formation of sex cells, members of one gene pair separate from one another independently of members of other gene pairs.
D) Genes located on the same chromosome have a greater tendency of being inherited together than do genes located on different chromosomes.

Question 46

Offspring with four phenotypes in a 1:1:1:1 ratio can be produced by

A) AaBb * AaBb.
B) AABB * AaBb.
C) AaBa * AABb.
D) AaBb * aabb.

Question 47

A single dominant gene that produces abnormal connective tissue causes Marfan syndrome. Individuals with the condition exhibit symptoms such as nearsightedness, long thin appendages, and a weak aorta. Marfan syndrome is an example of

A) polygenic inheritance.
B) pleiotropy.
C) multiple alleles.
D) lack of dominance.

Question 48

The allele that causes Huntington's disease is expressed earlier in life when it is inherited from the father than when it is inherited from the mother. Huntington's disease is an example of

A) an X-linked trait.
B) pleiotropy.
C) gene imprinting.
D) linkage.

Question 49

In humans, eye color is determined by the amount of melanin in the iris of the eye and is probably controlled by several genes. The inheritance of eye color is an example of

A) multiple alleles.
B) pleiotropy.
C) polygenic inheritance.
D) gene imprinting.

Question 50

In fruit flies the gene for vestigial wings will produce tiny underdeveloped wings at room temperature but will produce normal wings at higher temperatures. The vestigial condition in fruit flies is determined by

A) heredity and environment.
B) pleiotropy.
C) linkage.
D) gene imprinting.

Question 51

A red-eyed female fruit fly is crossed with a red-eyed male fruit fly. All of the female offspring have red eyes but only one-half of the male offspring are red-eyed. The other half of the male offspring have white eyes. In this example, eye color in fruit flies

A) is influenced by the environment.
B) is an X-linked trait.
C) is controlled by several genes.
D) exhibits lack of dominance.

Question 52

Nearly two dozen different alleles for the same gene can determine eye color in fruit flies. This is an example of

A) multiple alleles.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) pleiotropy.
D) incomplete dominance.

Question 53

In a cross between two blue Andalusian chickens, 25% of the offspring produced were white, 25% where black, and 50% were blue Andalusian like the parents. Color in these chickens is most likely inherited by

A) multiple alleles.
B) polygenic.
C) pleiotropy.
D) incomplete dominance.

Question 54

In humans, a gene for free earlobes dominates a gene for attached earlobes. These alternative forms of a gene for earlobe shape are examples of

A) loci.
B) genomes.
C) alleles.
D) pleiotropy.

Question 55

In pea plants, green pod color dominates yellow pod color. If a pea plant with yellow pods is crossed with a pea plant heterozygous for pod color, ____ of the offspring will have yellow pods.

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 56

The possible combinations of alleles in the gametes of an individual with the genotype aaBb are

A) AB, Ab, aB, ab.
B) aa, Bb.
C) aB, ab.
D) aa, ab, aB.

Question 57

Skin color and height are inherited by

A) polygenic inheritance.
B) lack of dominance.
C) multiple alleles.
D) pleiotropy.

Question 58

A woman heterozygous for blood type A and a man with blood type AB are expecting a child. The probability of the child having type B blood is

A) 0.
B) 1/4.
C) 1/2.
D) 3/4.

Question 59

In snapdragons, FR = red flowers and FW = white flowers. Plants heterozygous for flower color have pink flowers. A cross between two pink-flowered plants will produce ____ red-flowered plants.

A) 100%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 25%

Question 60

Color blindness is a recessive sex-linked trait. If a man with normal color vision and a woman who is a carrier for the color blindness trait have a son, what is the probability that he will be color-blind?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%

Question 61

A man who does not suffer from sickle-cell anemia but is a carrier of the sickle-cell trait is married to a woman who is also a carrier for the sickle-cell trait. If they have a child, there is a ____ probability of that child suffering from sickle-cell anemia.

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%

Question 62

If the parents of a child have the following genotypes [Bb *Bb], what is the probability that they will have a child with the genotype [Bb]?

A) 100%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 0%

Question 63

If an individual has the genotype BbCc, how many different kinds of gametes can that individual produce?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 64

There are three alleles for blood type, IA and IB are both dominant to iO but IA is not dominant to IB. A man has type O blood. A woman has type A blood but her father had type B blood. If this man and this woman have children what are the possible genotypes of the offspring?

A) iOiO and IAiO
B) iOiO and IBiO
C) iOiO only
D) IAIB and IBiO

Question 65

If the parents of a child have the following genotypes [Bb * Bb], what is the probability that they will have a child with the genotype [BB]?

A) 100%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 0%

Question 66

If an individual has the genotype BbCC, how many different kinds of gametes can that individual produce?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 67

The gene for color blindness is a recessive allele located on the X chromosome. If a color-blind man and a color-blind woman have one son and three daughters, how many will be color-blind?

A) all children will be color-blind
B) only the one son will be color-blind
C) only the three daughters will be color-blind
D) none of the children will be color-blind

Question 68

If in houseflies the allele for green eyes is dominant over the allele for white eyes, and a heterozygous green-eyed male is mated with a white-eyed female, what is the probability that they will have green-eyed offspring?

A) 1/4
B) 1/2
C) 3/4
D) 4/4

Question 69

If parents with the following genotypes (AABb * aaBb) have offspring, what is the probability that they will have an offspring with the genotype (AaBB)?

A) 1/4
B) 1/2
C) 3/4
D) 4/4

Question 70

In fruit flies, males are determined by the presence of an X and Y chromosome; females are determined by two X chromosomes. The gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome and is absent from the Y chromosome. The allele for white eyes is recessive and the allele for red eyes is dominant. If a red-eyed male is mated with a white-eyed female, what is the probability that their male offspring will be white-eyed?

A) 100%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 0%

Question 71

A research geneticist discovered that a particular trait is controlled by ______ she identified as B, b₁, b₂, b₃, b₄, b₅.

A) genes
B) alleles
C) phenotypes
D) genotypes

Question 72

Humans have the diploid number of chromosomes, 2n = 46. This also indicates humans

A) have two genomes.
B) are more intelligent than worms.
C) have at least two genotypes that can result from fertilization.
D) have 23 chromosomes that are necessary for life.

Question 73

"This patient with Marfan syndrome has really long fingers and toes, and is exceptionally tall." This is a statement describing

A) genotype.
B) phenotype.
C) monohybridization.
D) locus placement.

Question 74

"She is a carrier of the cystic fibrosis trait." This statement acknowledges that this person is

A) homozygous for the trait.
B) heterozygous for the trait.
C) trisomic.
D) carrying two recessive alleles.

Question 75

When an organism has two different alleles for a given trait, the allele that is expressed, overshadowing the expression of the other allele, is said to be

A) dominant.
B) recessive.
C) homozygous.
D) rare.

Question 76

"Two out of three times, they will pass on the trait." This is a statement of

A) probability.
B) possibility.
C) certainty.
D) confusion.

Question 77

"We are only going to trace this one trait from one generation to another." This statement would indicate that

A) the researcher is not sure of how this trait is inherited.
B) they will be developing a monohybrid (single factor) line.
C) multiple alleles are involved here.
D) a double-factor cross has been made.

Question 78

When the two alleles C^R C^W are the genotype of an individual, that person displays features of both alleles. This is known as

A) polygenic inheritance.
B) multiple alleles.
C) complete recessiveness.
D) codominance.

Question 79

Geneticists use this term when explaining how genetic information is converted into physical features of a cell or organism.

A) gene expression
B) gene replication
C) genetic mutation
D) genetic transcription

Question 80

"She is a carrier of the cystic fibrosis trait." This statement acknowledges that this person

A) is homozygous for the trait.
B) is heterozygous for the trait.
C) may be trisomic.
D) has two recessive alleles.