Deck 15: Processes and Decisions

Question 1

Which model for criminal justice is oriented more to the rights of defendants?

A) the crime control model
B) the reasonable doubt model
C) the due process model
D) the defendants' rights model

Answer 1

the due process model

Question 2

The final phase in the criminal justice process is _____.

A) corrections
B) indictment
C) arraignment
D) trial sanctions

Answer 2

corrections

Question 3

Which of the following statements is True about the adjudication phase of the criminal justice process?

A) It is the first phase of the criminal justice process.
B) It is the phase where defendants are sentenced for charges against them.
C) It is the phase where citizens first bring criminal events to the attention of the police.
D) It is conducted by a judge, with or without a jury.

Answer 3

It is conducted by a judge, with or without a jury.

Question 4

According to the criminal justice process, the adjudication phase is immediately succeeded by the _____ phase.

A) revocation
B) prosecution and pretrial services
C) sentencing and sanctions
D) corrections

Question 5

The intent of __________ is to deter police from engaging in illegal practices, and to keep the courts from condoning such conduct.

A) excessive force rule
B) exclusionary rule
C) Miranda warning
D) exceptional evidence rule

Question 6

The Miranda warning lays down the standards of procedural fairness mandated by which Amendments to the U.S. Constitution?

A) Fourth, Sixth, and Seventh
B) Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh
C) Fourth, Fifth, and Seventh
D) Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth

Question 7

In the context of the criminal justice process, _____ is a preview of the trial in court before a judge, in which the prosecution must produce enough evidence to convince the judge that the case should proceed to trial or to the grand jury.

A) plea bargaining
B) preliminary hearing
C) revocation
D) correction

Question 8

In the __________, in which the defendant need not present any evidence, the defendant gains the advantage of finding out how the prosecution's case is being developed.

A) plea bargaining
B) adjudication process
C) grand jury
D) preliminary hearing

Question 9

Which of the following statements is True about plea bargaining?

A) It increases the cost of a trial to the state.
B) It guarantees the plaintiff that the defendant will be given a tougher sentence than what was warranted by the original charge.
C) It allows for adjustment of inadequately developed legal rules regarding defenses, such as mistake or insanity.
D) It is an ineffective legal device as it causes courts to get hopelessly clogged with too many criminal cases.

Question 10

A grand jury indictment must rest on evidence indicating a __________ case against the defendant.

A) prima guiltius
B) prima facie
C) facie guiltius

Question 11

A prima facie case exists where there seems to be __________ to convict the defendant.

A) reasonable doubt
B) reasonable suspicion
C) insufficient evidence
D) sufficient evidence

Question 12

Which of the following statements is True about parole?

A) All states have abolished the use of parole system to release inmates.
B) Parole is a legal device used by plaintiffs to ensure that defendants are severely punished for their crimes.
C) Parole is an early release of an inmate from prison based on the decision of a parole board.
D) Parole typically occurs during the adjudication phase of the criminal justice process.

Question 13

Throughout the criminal justice process, the number of persons within the system steadily decreases. This phenomenon is called the __________ rate.

A) attrition
B) drop-out
C) fatality
D) innocence

Question 14

The number of juveniles arrested in 2010 was

A) 1.28 million.
B) 1.50 million.
C) 1.43 million.
D) 1.99 million.

Question 15

The term in loco parentis means

A) crazy parent.
B) the place of both parents.
C) location of the parents.
D) in the place of the parent.

Question 16

The nation's first juvenile court was located in

A) Boston, Massachusetts.
B) Chicago, Illinois.
C) New Orleans, Louisiana.
D) New York, New York.

Question 17

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that children also have rights that are protected by the Constitution?

A) Miranda v. Arizona
B) Gideon v. Wainwright
C) Mapp v. Ohio
D) In re Gault

Question 18

In the __________, the juvenile judge must decide whether the facts warrant a decision in accordance with the petition.

A) adjudicatory hearing
B) dispositional hearing
C) plea-bargaining phase
D) intake phase

Question 19

In _____ states, victims now have the right to state their views at sentencing hearings.

A) 20
B) 25
C) 30
D) 35

Question 20

A promising new strategy for involving victims in the sentencing process is the opportunity of reconciling victim and offender in some cases, with or without compensation for victim. One such program began operating in 1992

A) at the Marion federal penitentiary.
B) at "The Farm" in Louisiana.
C) at the Graterford, Pennsylvania, Correctional Institution.
D) at the Boscobe Supermax Correctional Institution.

Question 21

The due process model of criminal justice is one in which effectiveness and efficiency are emphasized.

Question 22

In Miranda v. Arizona (1961), the Supreme Court ruled that all courts in the country must apply the exclusionary rule.

Question 23

If the Miranda warning is not given, the courts may exclude from evidence at trial any statement that the arrestee may have made and any evidence that may have resulted from it.

Question 24

A group of federal judges very reluctantly estimated the probability of True guilt to be only about 75%. That would mean that 25% of convicts are wrongfully convicted.

Question 25

In the Anglo-American criminal process, the victim has no role in the imposition of sentencing.

Question 26

The President's Commission depicts the criminal justice system as composed of five phases. Discuss each of these phases.

Question 27

There are three kinds of decisions made at the entry stage of the criminal justice system. Discuss decisions by victims and decisions by police.

Question 28

There are legal criteria for processing a suspect from one phase to the next phase in the criminal justice system. Define and explain the significance of probable cause, the exclusionary rule, and reasonable suspicion.

Question 29

In 1977, an influential joint committee of the Institute of Judicial Administration at New York University and the American Bar Association formulated a set of standards for juvenile justice. The implementation of these standards resulted in the juvenile justice system becoming more punitive. Discuss the six developments in which that punitiveness was manifested.

Question 30

Discuss the victim's role in the five phases of the criminal justice process.