Deck 8: After Conviction: The Sentencing Process

Question 1

In China, prisoners are subject to institutions called ___________, which are believed to promote "thought reform through labor."

Answer 1

laogai

Question 2

A researcher compares the number of prison admissions over a ten-year period for a number of countries.His research method is referred to as a:

A)Stock design
B)Flow design
C)Decade design
D)Comparative design

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the "get tough on crime" strategies?

A)Three strikes laws
B)Sentencing Guidelines
C)Use of precedents
D)Truth‑in‑sentencing laws

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the purposes of criminal sanctions is practiced in all of our model countries?

A)Restoration
B)Rehabilitation
C)Incapacitation
D)Retribution

Question 5

Which country is the only one of our model countries that uses deterrence?

A)England
B)China
C)France
D)Saudi Arabia

Question 6

The international trend relative to the death penalty is:
A: Increased use
B)Abolition
C)There is no international movement
D)Abolition except in the cases of ordinary crimes

Question 7

Which of the following is not an example of a noncustodial sanction?

A)Branding
B)Fines
C)Confiscation
D)Community Service

Question 8

According to international reports such as Amnesty International, which country executes more people than all other countries combined?

A)United States
B)Saudi Arabia
C)China
D)Libya

Question 9

In most systems, a mixture of ______________, ________________, and ___________ factors is at work and needs to be analyzed to understand the criminal justice process.

Question 10

The World Millennium Study conducted by Gallup reflects that:

A)The majority of the people in the world support the death penalty
B)The majority of the people in the world do not support the death penalty
C)The majority of the people in the world are not sure how they feel about the death penalty
D)The majority of the people in the world feel that the death penalty should be implemented only in cases of murder.

Question 11

What is the most common form of supervising offenders in the community?

A)House arrest
B)Parole
C)Probation
D)Work release

Question 12

The United States has experienced a boom in building prisons and implementing longer sentences for drug crimes and crimes of violence.This illustrates the United States tendency toward which of the following as a purpose of punishment?

A)Retribution
B)Rehabilitation
C)Deterrence
D)Incapacitation

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the limits of International Prison Data?

A)Non‑standard definitions
B)Incarceration figures do not account for sentence length
C)Failure of countries to report or accurately report crime data
D)Lack of staff and methodology to handle all of the crime data

Question 14

Penal populism is mainly only a problem in which of our model countries?

A)England
B)France
C)Germany
D)China

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the possible reasons for why the United
States appears to be moving towards abolition of the death penalty?

A)The decrease in the violent crime rate in the United States
B)Changing public attitudes towards the death penalty
C)Increase in the number of exonerations in death penalty cases
D)Pressure from the international community to abolish

Question 16

The noncustodial sanction most closely resembling incarceration is:

A)Probation
B)House arrest
C)Exile
D)Restitution

Question 17

__________________ involves the offender being transformed into a law abiding person through programs of medical, psychological, economic, or educational improvement.

Question 18

________________ involves denying the offender the opportunity to commit further crimes, usually through prison or exile.

Question 19

Restoration involves the ____________, _________________, and _____________ working together to restore the victim and he community to its previous state.

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the purposes of criminal sanctions?

A)Retribution
B)Incapacitation
C)Just Deserts
D)Restoration

Question 21

Sentencing practices have generally become less humane over the years.

Question 22

___________ are not popular in the United States as punishment for felonies or serious misdemeanors, despite their extensive use for minor crimes.

Question 23

Confiscation and _____________ is the governmental seizure of property derived from or used in criminal activity.

Question 24

_________________ is any sentence in which a person's body is subjected to physical pain, such as flogging, mutilation, electric shock, or branding.

Question 25

When a country separates inmates, it typically uses the term ____________ to describe the facility used to house unconvincted inmates.

Question 26

In Islamic law _______________ is considered a proper sanction only for recidivists, people who have not changed as a result of the more direct corporal punishments.

Question 27

In China, it is important that criminal offenders be persuaded to reform not for themselves but for the good of their family, village, and especially society.

Question 28

___________________ expands the surveillance capacity of supervision.

Question 29

In the United States, probation began with the innovative work of Cesare Beccaria, a Boston boot maker who was the first person to post bail for defendants under authority of the Boston Police Court.

Question 30

From a humanitarian standpoint, minimization of short-term imprisonment of non-dangerous offenders increases the possibility of rehabilitation through work programs, counseling, and restitution plans.

Question 31

The methods of corporal punishment most commonly used today are flogging, and in rare cases amputation.

Question 32

_______________ refers to a variety of forms of detention, including combined or split sentences, jail, and any period of incarceration short of life imprisonment.

Question 33

The penalty of _________ has been a sentencing option since the beginning of civilization.

Question 34

One form of restitution used in Islamic countries is called ________, which is paid directly to the victim or his or her family as compensation.

Question 35

A recent trend in sentencing in a number of countries, which in some ways is one of the oldest sentencing methods, is called truth in sentencing.

Question 36

Day fines were created in response to the concern that fines exact a heavier toll on the poor than on the wealthy.

Question 37

___________ designs measure data at one point in time, whereas _________ designs measure data over a period of time.

Question 38

Deterrence involves denying the offender the opportunity to commit further crimes, usually through prison or exile.

Question 39

Of all the forms of supervising offenders in the community, house arrest is the most common.

Question 40

In recent years many countries, especially those in Europe, have actually made an effort to reduce sentencing severity for a number of crimes.

Question 41

Discuss the concern about the rising international imprisonment rates of women and minority groups worldwide.

Question 42

What are the five purposes of criminal sanctions?

Question 43

What are the limits of international prison data and what are some of the ways researches have suggested as possible ways to improve methods of collection and presentation of international prison data?

Question 44

List and define the six most common forms of punishments used in the world today

Question 45

Penal populism is a term given to criminal justice policies that are designed to appeal to the public appetite for punitiveness with little concern for program effectiveness or the clear understanding of community views.

Question 46

Discuss the background of restoration and restorative justice and also cite examples of restorative justice around the world.

Question 47

Technically in the United States, there is no difference between jails and prisons.

Question 48

Discuss the three reasons for the United States' turn toward abolition of the death penalty.

Question 49

Define and discuss the different types of noncustodial sanctions.

Question 50

The World Prison Population List provides the number of prisoners in 218 independent countries and territories as of May 2011.

Question 51

Female prison populations around the world have grown by 16%, and this is said to be related to the international fight against HIV.

Question 52

Japan and the United States are two democratic, industrialized nations that continue to use the death penalty.