Deck 10: Electrocardiography and Spirometry

Question 1

Which is the correct statement regarding patient instructions prior to performing an FVC spirometer test?

A) "Don't use a bronchodilator for 2 days before your scheduled test."
B) "Smoking and eating is not allowed 14 hours prior to the scheduled test."
C) "Wear clothes that may easily be removed from the waist up."
D) "The test consists of three steps: Fully inflate the lungs.Fully exhale fast and hard into the mouthpiece.Give full effort and keep exhaling for another 5 seconds."

Answer 1

D

Question 2

If ECG artifacts are seen in leads I and III, Einthoven's triangle will indicate which limb electrode is interfering?

A) Left arm (LA)
B) Left leg (LL)
C) Right arm (RA)
D) Right leg (RL)

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following statements is inappropriate (negative) when coaching a spirometry maneuver?

A) "Keep your eyes on the screen."
B) "I need you to blow until I say stop."
C) "You didn't blow hard enough."
D) "Seal your lips firmly around the mouthpiece so all your breath is captured."

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which is the correct order of locating and placing the chest electrodes?

A) V₁, V₂, V₃, V₄, V₅, V₆
B) V₁, V₃, V₂, V₄, V₆, V₅
C) V₁, V₄, V₃, V₂, V₅, V₆
D) V₁, V₂, V₄, V₃, V₅, V₆

Question 5

If the patient asks if he or she will feel any discomfort during the ECG procedure, what is an appropriate response?

A) "Don't worry, we do this routinely every day."
B) "If you feel any sparks, please let me know immediately."
C) "This procedure does not hurt and does not send electricity through you."
D) "A little discomfort is normal."

Question 6

Which of the following statements is correct regarding Quality Control-Spirometer Calibration?

A) The calibration is usually done with a 6-liter syringe.
B) The calibration should be done once a week.
C) Two factors that could affect the calibration results are the proper temperature and elevation settings for the testing area.
D) The mouthpiece of the spirometer is applied to the syringe and the air is slowly pushed into the spirometer for 6 seconds.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is incorrect when describing the following spirometer results during a patient's maneuver?

A) The FVC is the total volume of air that was expelled during the maneuver.
B) The FEV₁ is the volume of air expelled in the first second during the maneuver.
C) The FET is the actual length of time the patient exhaled in seconds during the maneuver.
D) The FEV₁/FVC ratio should be under 80% in a healthy individual.

Question 8

A patient's spirometer results are compared to the predicted values of a control group of others who share all the following except:

A) blood pressure.
B) weight.
C) gender and age.
D) race.
E) height.

Question 9

The leads aVR, aVL, and aVF are _______ leads.

A) standard limb
B) bipolar
C) precordial chest
D) augmented unipolar limb

Question 10

Which of the following ECG artifacts and their corrective actions is correct?

A) Interrupted baseline: Check the ECG instrument to see if it temporarily stopped during testing, and then repeat the test.
B) AC interference: Check to see if the power cord on the ECG or the power from other diagnostic instruments (i.e., X-ray machines) is running parallel to the exam table and adjust the table or wires to a 90% angle.
C) Somatic tremors: Check the electrodes and find the one that is causing the tremors.
D) Wandering baseline: Apply a warm blanket to make the patient more comfortable.

Question 11

Which is the correct statement regarding patient preparation for an ECG?

A) Have the patients disrobe, except for underwear, and cover themselves with a blanket for warmth.
B) Let them know that they may chew gum in order to be relaxed during the procedure.
C) Make sure their legs and arms are relaxed by allowing their feet to turn out and placing their thumbs under their legs if the table is too narrow to support their arms.
D) Have the patients hold their breath during the 60 seconds of testing.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding the systemic circulation?

A) The blood is sent to the lungs via the left atrium.
B) The blood from the body enters the left atrium of the heart.
C) The blood from the lungs enters the right atrium.
D) The blood is sent to the body via the left ventricle into the aorta.

Question 13

Which of the following ECG lead descriptions is incorrect?

A) V₁ is placed on left side of sternum in the fourth intercostal space.
B) aVR is an augmented unipolar lead.
C) Lead II is typically used as a "rhythm strip."
D) V₄ is placed on the fifth intercostal space in line with the middle of the left collar bone.
E) Lead III is a bipolar lead from the left arm and left leg.

Question 14

The major difference between a Holter monitor and an ECG test is the:

A) Holter monitor records the activity of the heart and lung and the ECG only records the activity of the heart.
B) Holter monitor is commonly used, whereas the ECG is rarely used.
C) ECG requires daily patient cooperation, whereas the Holter monitor does not.
D) Holter monitor test takes 24 hours or more to record, whereas the ECG test takes less than 5 minutes to record.

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding the ECG tracing paper is correct?

A) The smallest squares are 5 mm ´ 5 mm.
B) The sensitivity to 1 millivolt of electricity should deflect upward 20 mm.
C) The standardized speed of the paper should move 25 mm/second.
D) If a large heartbeat needs to be diminished on the graph, the sensitivity should be set at 2 times to magnify the recording.

Question 16

Einthoven used buckets of electrolyte solution in his initial electrocardiogram (ECG).These have now been replaced by:

A) a galvanometer.
B) sensors (electrodes).
C) lead wires.
D) an amplifier.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A) Einthoven used three limbs to create the first three ECG leads: I, II, III.
B) The first three leads were bipolar leads.
C) The left leg limb was used as a ground.
D) His lead I consisted of the right arm and the left arm.

Question 18

When preparing a patient for an ECG, dry shaving the hair from the chest and/or legs sites is necessary because:

A) the ECG is easier to standardize.
B) it is necessary to clearly see the chest sites.
C) it improves the contact between the skin and the electrodes.
D) it is no longer necessary to shave hair at any of the sites.

Question 19

The long strip of ECG cycles (or complexes) found at the bottom of a three-channel ECG or computerized ECG recording is referred to as:

A) the artifact strip.
B) the rhythm strip.
C) bradycardia.
D) the stress strip.
E) the monitor strip.

Question 20

When the patient is anxious, cold, or cannot remain still, which of the following artifacts will appear on the tracing?

A) AC interference
B) Wandering baseline
C) Electrode interference
D) Somatic tremor

Question 21

The relaxation phase in the heart when there is no electrical activity within the cardiac muscle is called ____________________.

Question 22

What is the purpose of the patient diary in Holter monitoring?

A) Inform the patient of what items to avoid during the test.
B) Supply a link to patient activity at the time of any abnormal results.
C) Remind the patient about heart-healthy behaviors.
D) Provide a place to document the results of the test.

Question 23

Tracings other than from the heart or lungs that interfere with the interpretation of the ECG or spirometer recordings are called _________________.

Question 24

Which of the following should be recorded in the Holter monitor diary notebook?

A) When exercising
B) When eating
C) When having a bowel movement
D) When medications are taken
E) All of the above

Question 25

____________ is when the heart rhythm is within normal limits.

Question 26

A test that measures how fast a person can exhale is called a(n) ____________________.

Question 27

Why is it important for assistants to learn how to read a tracing?

A) To teach the patient how to understand the tracing
B) To be able to spot urgent problems
C) To make a diagnosis
D) All of the above

Question 28

The chambers of the heart that pump the blood out of the heart to the lungs and the body are the ____________________.

Question 29

Which of the following is a correct pairing of asthma therapies?

A) Metered-dose inhalers: commonly used as hand-held devices that deliver preset dosages of aerosol medication when inhaled
B) Anti-inflammatory medications: relieve respiratory distress by relaxing the muscles that tighten around the airways
C) Nebulizers: breathing machines that force air through a liquid medication that is then swallowed
D) Bronchodilators: reduce the mucus production and swelling due to inflammation in the airways
E) Oxygen administration by nasal cannulas: extra oxygen that should not be used on patients with COPD

Question 30

A fast heart rate is referred to as ____________________.

Question 31

What does the assistant do during Holter monitoring?

A) Prepare and instruct the patient.
B) Check the battery.
C) Apply and remove the monitor.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A) Explain to patients what you see on an ECG printout before giving it to the physician.
B) When an abnormal heart rate is shown, report it to the physician immediately.
C) Some arrhythmias include an irregular heart rate.
D) Ventricular fibrillation will result in death without immediate treatment.

Question 33

How many successful maneuvers (i.e., when the spirometer reports "Good Test") are desired when screening a patient's lung capacity?

A) 1
B) 10
C) 2
D) Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) issues may not produce a "good test," so do not exceed 8 maneuvers.
E) Both c and d are correct.

Question 34

___________ is the contraction phase of the heart when the cardiac muscle is being stimulated by electrical impulses.

Question 35

FVC stands for ______________.

Question 36

______________ is the measurement of the volume and flow of air that is breathed.

Question 37

________________ is defined as ambulatory ECG monitoring.

Question 38

The node that sends out an electrical impulse that starts the heartbeat is the _______________.

Question 39

What is the term for an abnormality in heart rhythm?

A) Sinus rhythm
B) Artifact
C) Lead
D) Arrhythmia

Question 40

Which of the following statements is correct concerning "peak expiratory flow" screening and monitoring with a peak flow meter?

A) When using the peak flow meter, it is important to exhale into the monitor at a steady rate for 6 seconds.
B) The peak flow meter displays the same FVC result as the spirometer, which is the total volume of air exhaled from the lungs over 6 seconds of time.
C) Daily peak flow monitoring is useful for patients with COPD to determine if they need to seek emergency medical care and to see if their medications are working.
D) The physician must be notified if the peak flow meter is in the green zone.

Question 41

Item #4 on this image of the electrical flow within the heart is the ____________.

Question 42

Item #7 on this image of the electrical flow within the heart is the ____________.

Question 43

PVC stands for ______________.

Question 44

Item #6 on this image of the electrical flow within the heart is the ____________.

Question 45

Item #3 on this image of the electrical flow within the heart is the ____________.

Question 46

Item #1 on this image of the electrical flow within the heart is the ____________.

________________

Question 47

Item #5 on this image of the electrical flow within the heart is the ____________.

Question 48

FEV₁ stands for ______________.

Question 49

COPD stands for ______________.

Question 50

ECG stands for ______________.

Question 51

Item #2 on this image of the electrical flow within the heart is the ____________.