Deck 8: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Question 1

Cognition includes the processes of _____.

A) talking and responding
B) learning and memory
C) thinking and problem solving
D) b and c

Answer 1

b and c

Question 2

What is mentally acting upon information by forming ideas, reasoning, solving problems, drawing conclusions, expressing thoughts, and comprehending the thoughts of others?

A) thinking
B) cognition
C) judging
D) problem solving

Answer 2

cognition

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a concrete concept?

A) apples
B) birds
C) friendship
D) a and b

Answer 3

a and b

Question 4

Artificial concepts would be most likely used by which of the following?

A) a professor in a classroom setting when explaining a concept to students
B) a mother visiting a zoo and describing the animals to her toddler
C) a scientist who is trying to classify species of bugs
D) both a and c

Question 5

When you group subcategories within broader concepts or categories, you are creating _____.

A) conceptual categories
B) superordinate categories
C) hierarchies
D) natural concepts

Question 6

Which of the following words would a child tend to learn first?

A) parakeet
B) bird
C) animal
D) mammal

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a basic-level concept?

A) animal
B) bird
C) poodle
D) parakeet

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a lower-order concept?

A) animal
B) bird
C) dog
D) parakeet

Question 9

Elise wants to get an apple off of a tree, but realizes that she can't because she only has a baseball bat with her, rather than a ladder or step stool. The fact that Elise believes that the baseball bat can only be used to play baseball is an example of ______________.

A) functional rigidity
B) problem-solving fixedness
C) functional fixedness
D) preparedness

Question 10

When you use a knife as a screwdriver, you have _____.

A) overcome functional fixedness
B) ruined the knife
C) ruined the screw
D) done the dumbest thing in history

Question 11

Which of the following BEST demonstrates what you should do in the preparation stage if you are wanting a new car?

A) Ask friends where they got their cars and make a list of dealers to visit.
B) Choose a color, make, and model, then log-on to the Internet to locate a dealer who has one like this.
C) Determine how much money you can spend and whether your goal is to have reliable transportation or to make an impression on others.
D) Review which car gives you the best deal for the money.

Question 12

Which of the paired-words below shows the same relationship as the paired-words in the following analogy? algorithm: problem solving:

A) recipe : cake
B) shoes : feet
C) inductive : deductive
D) syntax : grammar

Question 13

Many people mistakenly believe that minorities are responsible for more crimes in this country than Caucasians. This is most likely due to the media's increased focus on minorities, which makes many viewers fall prey to the ________________ heuristic.

A) availability
B) representative
C) confirmation
D) convergence

Question 14

An example of the ____________ aspect of creative thinking would be you coming up with 10 ways that a screwdriver can be used other than for tightening nails.

A) flexibility
B) fluency
C) originality
D) problem-solving

Question 15

An example of the ____________ aspect of creative thinking would be you deciding to take an alternative route to the mall that you usually don't take because you were stuck in traffic.

A) flexibility
B) fluency
C) originality
D) problem-solving

Question 16

Sternberg and Lubart's investment theory of creativity suggests that creative people _____.

A) shun ideas that most people would consider worth very little
B) move on to unpopular ideas once their past ideas are highly valued
C) compromise quickly and easily when conflict or disagreement arises
D) are motivated by extrinsic rewards

Question 17

The statement, "Creative people buy low and sell high in the market of ideas" is most associated with _____.

A) Skinner's view of creativity
B) Sternberg and Lubart's investment theory of creativity
C) Guilford's two-factor theory of creativity
D) Cattell's theory of creative thinking

Question 18

According to investment theory, which of the following is a resource associated with creative people?

A) intellectual ability
B) personality
C) brainstorming
D) a and b

Question 19

Which of the following is a trait of a creative person?

A) the ability to distinguish the worthy from the worthless
B) a willingness to grow and change
C) extrinsic motivation
D) a and b

Question 20

If you work in an environment in which you feel that you will be punished for creative ideas, it is unlikely that you will attempt to be creative. You lack the resources of _____.

A) knowledge and personality
B) motivation and environment
C) knowledge and environment
D) intellectual ability and personality

Question 21

In the word "unacceptable," what is the content morpheme?

A) un
B) accept
C) able
D) unaccept

Question 22

Function morphemes consist of _______.

A) prefixes
B) root words
C) suffixes
D) both a and c

Question 23

"Play" is a _____, whereas "pre" Is a _____.

A) morpheme; phoneme
B) content morpheme; functional morpheme
C) content phoneme; functional phoneme
D) phoneme; morpheme

Question 24

The English language has about how many phonemes?

A) 26
B) 40
C) more than 100
D) 10

Question 25

The fact that emotions are universal is supported by which of the following?

A) infants as young as 2.5 months express basic emotions such as joy and anger
B) infants that are born blind or deaf exhibit the same emotional expressions as sighted and hearing children
C) infants use language before emotional expression
D) a and b

Question 26

The idea of the language acquisition device supports the role of ________ in language development.

A) nature
B) nurture
C) an interaction between nature and nurture
D) genetics

Question 27

The nature proponents of the language acquisition device would believe in the role of __________ in language development.

A) modeling
B) shaping
C) imitation
D) genetics

Question 28

A child just beginning to produce vowel sounds would be exemplifying _____, and a child emitting all the sounds of human speech would be exemplifying_____.

A) vocalizing; cooing
B) cooing; babbling
C) babbling; cooing
D) vocalizing; babbling

Question 29

A child who is 2.5 years of age would be capable of which of the following?

A) cooing
B) babbling
C) telegraphic speech
D) a and b

Question 30

Emotional Intelligence involves ______.

A) knowing and managing one's emotions
B) empathizing with others
C) maintaining satisfying relationships
D) all of these

Question 31

Emotionally intelligent people successfully combine the three components of emotions, ______.

A) cognitive, physiological, and behavioral
B) love, hate, and jealousy
C) love of self, love of others, and love of animals
D) all of these

Question 32

An intelligence quotient (IQ) is _____.

A) your mental age divided by your chronological age and multiplied by 100
B) no longer considered to be a valuable measurement
C) determined by your age and education
D) your chronological age divided by your mental age and multiplied by 100

Question 33

About ___% of children score within one standard deviation above or below the national average in intelligence.

A) 68
B) 50
C) 75
D) 40

Question 34

Which of the following statements is an example of how the WAIS differs from the Stanford Binet?

A) It was designed for adults.
B) It is shorter to administer.
C) Non-English speakers can be tested.
D) a and c

Question 35

What are the two major subsets of the WAIS?

A) verbal and mathematical
B) mathematical and performance
C) verbal and performance
D) interpersonal and performance

Question 36

The test-retest and split-half methods are used to determine a test's _____.

A) standardization curve
B) validity
C) reliability
D) none of these options

Question 37

If we want to use level of education to predict annual income, which of the following must be in place?

A) criterion-related validity
B) predictability
C) standardization
D) a and c

Question 38

One criticism of the Minnesota study on the genetic influence of intelligence was as follows:

A) There was no control group.
B) The environments of the identical twins reared apart were actually quite similar.
C) The environments of the identical twins reared apart were actually quite different.
D) The study had no independent variables.

Question 39

Who is likely to be more similar in intelligence?

A) siblings reared apart and unrelated individual living together
B) identical twins reared apart and siblings reared together
C) fraternal twins reared together and siblings reared together
D) identical twins reared apart and identical twins reared together

Question 40

Stereotype threat affects the IQ scores of which of the following groups?

A) women
B) teenagers
C) the elderly
D) a and c

Question 41

The Flynn Effect refers to the increase in IQ scores over the years, and it may be due to _____.

A) improved public education
B) increased innate intelligence
C) better nutrition
D) a and c

Question 42

Define cognition, thinking, and concepts, and describe the three strategies for learning concepts, illustrating your answer with examples.

Question 43

Use the following problem to list and illustrate each of the three steps in problem solving. Describe how the five problem-solving barriers might or might not affect your ability to solve this problem. "Imagine that you are running late for a job interview and you spill coffee on the front of your only clean shirt just before you walk out the door. It is important to make a good first impression with the panel who will be interviewing you. What should you do?"

Question 44

Define creativity and describe the three elements of creative thinking. Describe Sternberg and Lubart's investment theory of creativity and the six resources they considered to be necessary for creative thinking.

Question 45

Define and illustrate of each of the following building blocks of language: phonemes, morphemes, grammar, syntax, and semantics.

Question 46

Imagine that you have just had a baby, who will follow normal developmental milestones. Name your baby, and describe his or her language development from birth through age 5.

Question 47

Discuss the idea of Chomsky's language acquisition device, and the nature/nurture debate surrounding it.

Question 48

Discuss the "data"
for and against the belief that nonhuman animals can be taught to use language.

Question 49

Contrast Spearman's, Thurstone's, and Cattell's concepts of intelligence, and illustrate the differences between fluid and crystallized intelligence.

Question 50

Contrast Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences with Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence. State which theory you think better explains intelligence, and explain your choice.

Question 51

Describe the WAIS and its subsets, providing an example of a test item from each subset.

Question 52

Discuss intelligence testing in terms of standardization, reliability, and validity.

Question 53

Describe biological, genetic, and environmental influences on intelligence.

Question 54

Describe the eight responses from psychologists regarding the debate about genetic factors being the cause of ethnic differences in IQ scores.

Question 55

Discuss the role of stereotype threat and how it might endanger the performance of minority groups on measures of intelligence.