Deck 6: Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation

Question 1

Heterosexual people are as likely to be labeled by their sexual orientation as persons who are gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

According to the University of Chicago-established criteria for identifying people as homosexual, engaging in a homosexual act does not necessarily classify a person as homosexual.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Gay men and lesbians often are stereotyped as being sexually compulsive and sexually predatory.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Roman Catholics are the only religious group that condones homosexuality.

Question 5

State sodomy laws once criminalized oral or anal intercourse between persons of the same sex.

Question 6

Domestic partnership rights include the right to file joint income tax returns and immunity from having to testify in court against a spouse.

Question 7

Child rearing among same-sex couples is more prevalent in the southern regions of the U.S.

Question 8

When "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" was repealed, the law immediately went into effect.

Question 9

For many years, homosexuals were psychologically classified as mentally ill.

Question 10

Symbolic interactionists view homosexuality as having a biological basis.

Question 11

According to the text, homosexuals, bisexuals, and transgender persons in the United States

A) constitute approximately 20 percent of the total population.
B) are intentionally undercounted by lesbian and gay advocates who fear a backlash from people who are "straight."
C) are difficult to count because the Bureau of the Census does not specifically ask people about their sexual orientation.
D) are not willing to self-report their sexual orientation on questionnaires or in other kinds of research.

Question 12

According to sociologists, homophobia

A) is defined as excessive fear or intolerance of homosexuality.
B) is a biologically determined prejudice.
C) is a medically recognized phobia.
D) poses relatively small risk to homosexuals, bisexuals, and transgender persons.

Question 13

How does homophobia differ from other prejudices like racism and sexism?

A) Homophobia is unique in that it is used to discriminate against LGBT persons in terms of health care.
B) Homophobia is different from other prejudices because it is allowed to be expressed publicly.
C) Homophobia is different from other prejudices because homosexuality is classified as a mental illness.
D) Homophobia differs from other prejudices because it is a learned behavior.

Question 14

According to the text, stereotypic beliefs about lesbians and gay men

A) have been reduced in recent years through greater media coverage of gay or lesbian celebrities.
B) impede homosexuals and bisexuals from achieving equal rights and reducing social inequalities.
C) have been more accurate than many people originally believed.
D) tend to separate sexual orientation from sexual conduct.

Question 15

Which of the world's religions does not condemn homosexuality?

A) Judaism
B) Islam
C) Hinduism
D) Buddhism

Question 16

Which mainstream Christian denomination changed its ordination policies in 2011 so that openly gay and lesbian persons in same-sex relationships could be ordained as ministers, elders, and deacons in the church?

A) Roman Catholic
B) Presbyterian
C) Baptist
D) Methodist

Question 17

Which of the following statements most accurately describes laws regarding homosexuality in the United States?

A) U.S. laws have not been intertwined with moral nor religious principles.
B) It is against the law to engage in homosexual conduct in any state in this country.
C) More state legislatures have passed sodomy laws in recent years.
D) The Supreme Court invalidated sodomy laws in 2003.

Question 18

Cohabitation is defined as

A) household partnerships in which an unmarried couple lives together in a committed, sexually intimate relationship and is granted the same rights and benefits accorded to heterosexual couples.
B) partners who live together without being legally married.
C) a federally recognized marital relationship.
D) a marital relationship involving partners of the opposite sex.

Question 19

In addition to the District of Columbia, how many states have legalized gay marriage?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 20

According to estimates, how many children are being raised by gay or lesbian parents?

A) under 1 million
B) 2-3 million
C) 4-6 million
D) 8-10 million

Question 21

What is the relationship between LGBT people and the Fair Housing Act?

A) The Fair Housing Act has protected many LGBT people from being discriminated against concerning housing.
B) The Fair Housing Act has protected lesbians and gays from housing discrimination, but it has not protected transgender persons.
C) The Fair Housing Act does not provide protection against housing discrimination for LGBT people.
D) The Fair Housing Act protects the children of LGBT persons from being discriminated against in housing policies and practices.

Question 22

Regarding discrimination in medical care, which group is most likely to be refused care because of bias?

A) transgender persons
B) lesbians
C) gays
D) bisexuals

Question 23

Regarding workplace discrimination against LGBT persons, which bill introduced in 2011 seeks to ban workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity?

A) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
B) Homosexual Freedom Act
C) Employment Non-Discrimination Act
D) U.S. Federal Hate Crime Law

Question 24

Under which president's administration was "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" made law?

A) Bill Clinton
B) George W. Bush
C) Barack Obama
D) George H. W. Bush

Question 25

Where are hate crimes the most prevalent?

A) in the South
B) in low-income areas
C) anywhere that homophobic attitudes and behaviors are tolerated or overlooked
D) in places where legislation supporting gay rights has occurred

Question 26

Regarding sexual orientation and social equality, psychological approaches examine

A) current legislation and policies regarding LGBT discrimination.
B) mental processes and childhood experiences of LGBT persons.
C) the link between sexual orientation and homophobia and social learning and/or social structures factors in society.
D) U.S. Census data.

Question 27

Sigmund Freud asserted that all humans are constitutionally

A) heterosexual.
B) homosexual.
C) bisexual.
D) transgender.

Question 28

Which of the following have identified stages in the process of accepting the identity of lesbian, gay, or bisexual?

A) biologists
B) functionalists
C) conflict theorists
D) interactionists

Question 29

According to functionalist perspectives on sexual orientation,

A) how people come to accept their sexual identity as a gay man, bisexual, or lesbian shows the significance of labeling and how it can create barriers to full participation in society.
B) societies may punish homosexual conduct because it violates social norms prohibiting nonmarital sex and same-sex sexual relations.
C) homosexuality or bisexuality is a master status for some people.
D) conflicts over values regarding sexuality and the family are healthy for societies because they encourage discussion and debate about critical social issues such as sexual orientation.

Question 30

Which approach focuses on the effects of compulsory heterosexuality in a society?

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) feminist
D) interactionist

Question 31

Which approach asserts that the best way to reduce inequality based on sexual orientation is to repeal laws prohibiting sexual acts between consenting adults and to pass laws that ban all forms of discrimination based on sexual orientation?

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) feminist
D) interactionist

Question 32

Why are gay and lesbian parents widely criticized?

A) because high numbers of abused and neglected children have been the products of homosexual parents
B) because laws currently prohibit all homosexuals from adopting children
C) because public policy discriminates against homosexual parents in general
D) because of LGBT parents' assumption of alternative lifestyles and sexual orientation

Question 33

Why are the Kinsey Report's findings suspect?

A) Kinsey used a disproportionate number of prisoners in his study.
B) Kinsey used a disproportionate number of females in his study.
C) Kinsey used a disproportionate number of males in his study.
D) Kinsey used a disproportionate number of children in his study.

Question 34

Methods like in vitro fertilization and surrogacy are not guarantees for all homosexuals who want to become parents because

A) most homosexuals are suspicious of these technological breakthroughs.
B) most homosexuals have children from previous heterosexual relationships.
C) many homosexuals cannot afford these procedures.
D) many states do not allow homosexuals to participate in these procedures.

Question 35

In spite of no federal regulations to prevent LGBT discrimination concerning housing, the attitudes of landlords, apartment managers, realtors, and mortgage loan financiers have changed in favor of homosexuals because

A) almost half of the U.S.'s states have enacted legislation to protect LGBT persons regarding housing.
B) the housing and rental market has experienced recent agitation in the 2010s.
C) many homosexuals looking for housing are also parents.
D) greater acceptance of LGBT persons in the media has greatly reduced homosexual stereotypes.

Question 36

Before "Don't Ask, Don't Tell," the federal government's official policy on homosexuals in the military was one of exclusion, based upon the myth that

A) homosexual service members might attempt sexual contact with heterosexual service members.
B) homosexual service members might spread disease throughout the branches of the military.
C) homosexual service members who were closeted could be extorted.
D) homosexual service members were weak and would compromise front lines.

Question 37

In 2009, law enforcement agencies reported 1,436 hate crime offenses based on sexual-orientation bias; of these, more than half were

A) committed because of anti-male homosexual bias.
B) committed because of anti-female homosexual bias.
C) committed because of anti-bisexual bias.
D) the result of anti-heterosexual bias.

Question 38

Which perspective views homosexuality as a deviance that challenges traditional society?

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) psychological
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 39

David recently discovered that his long time friend, Mary, is homosexual. David stops visiting Mary and no longer allows Mary into his home. David denigrates Mary in front of their mutual friends and tells his other female friends that they too should avoid Mary because he believes Mary will try to recruit other women into the gay lifestyle. David is exhibiting

A) homophobia.
B) gender norms.
C) homoerotica.
D) compulsory homosexualism.

Question 40

From the text's discussion of sexual orientation, we can infer that the beliefs of many conservative religious and political leaders in the United States are most closely identified with which perspective?

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) feminist
D) interactionist

Question 41

Describe how religion and law influence people's beliefs about homosexuality and homosexual conduct.

Question 42

How are biological and psychological explanations regarding sexual orientation similar or different from functionalist, symbolic interactionist, and conflict sociological perspectives on sexual orientation?

Question 43

Discuss the criteria used by sociologists for determining sexual orientation. How many are there? Does it matter? What are some of the strengths of this approach? What are some of the weaknesses?

Question 44

Identify the stages in the process of accepting the identity of lesbian, gay, or bisexual. Explain why this approach is an interactionist perspective.

Question 45

Describe homophobia and the various types of discrimination experienced by gay and lesbian people. Are there common solutions to the problems of homophobia, racism, sexism, and ageism in society? Why or why not?