Deck 19: Nationalism and Statebuilding: Unifying Nations, 1850-1870

Question 1

Late nineteenth century European nationalism

A) Was strongly allied with socialism
B) Led to the unification of Germany and Italy and threatened the stability of Austria and the Ottoman Empire
C) Led to the unification of Austria and the Ottoman Empire and threatened the stability of Germany and Italy
D) Was confined to France only

Answer 1

Led to the unification of Germany and Italy and threatened the stability of Austria and the Ottoman Empire

Question 2

Camillo di Cavour was

A) The nineteenth century statesman who united Italy
B) The most important follower of Karl Marx in the nineteenth century
C) The statesman at the Congress of Vienna who favored conservative, repressive governments for Europe
D) An important romantic music composer

Answer 2

The nineteenth century statesman who united Italy

Question 3

Cavour's planning for Italian unification included

A) Suppressing Italian nationalist societies
B) Joining the Crimean War in the hope of obtaining a French alliance against Austria
C) Allying with Russia against Austria
D) Supporting a socialist revolt in Italy

Answer 3

Joining the Crimean War in the hope of obtaining a French alliance against Austria

Question 4

During the process of Italian unification, Giuseppe Garibaldi

A) Captured the pope and forced him to surrender Rome to Cavour
B) Led an unsuccessful socialist uprising against Piedmont
C) Defended Venice for Austria against Piedmont
D) Led an expedition that conquered Sicily and Naples and turned them over to the king of Piedmont

Question 5

Otto von Bismarck, the unifier of Germany,

A) Was a middle-class Austrian who united Germany around Austria
B) Was a Prussian aristocrat who united Germany around Prussia
C) Was a German socialist who created a German Social Democratic Republic
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 6

The immediate occasion for Bismarck becoming prime minister was

A) The assassination of the Holy Roman emperor
B) A major political deadlock between William I of Prussia and the Prussian legislature
C) The revolution of 1848 in Prussia
D) A military coup that overthrew the Prussian monarchy

Question 7

As part of his effort to unify Germany, Bismarck

A) Arrested all the liberals in the Prussian legislature
B) Supported socialist revolutions in Germany
C) Waged popular and successful wars against Austria and France
D) Acted strongly to suppress all nationalist movements and societies in Germany

Question 8

The major issue that divided North and South in the United States was

A) Whether to open diplomatic and economic relations with Japan
B) Whether to curtail or eliminate slavery
C) Whether to conquer Canada
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 9

Prior to the Civil War in the United States, the South depended more and more upon what as its primary economic staple?

A) Industry
B) Agriculture
C) Shipping
D) Textiles

Question 10

Canada gained its independence from which nation in 1867?

A) France
B) United States
C) Great Britain
D) Spain

Question 11

Japan in the nineteenth century

A) Repulsed all efforts by European countries and the United States to open up diplomatic relations
B) Opened diplomatic relations with the United States only and maintained traditional culture, rejecting all . aspects of Western Civilization
C) Changed its government and made itself into a modern, industrialized country
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 12

Two central and southern European states that suffered from potential disintegration because of the problems of nationalism were

A) Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire
B) France and Denmark
C) Germany and Belgium
D) None of these are correct

Question 13

During the late nineteenth century, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire

A) Changed into liberal democracies
B) Were not subject to the divisive forces of nationalism
C) Became the dominating powers of Europe
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 14

The major effect of nationalism during the nineteenth century was

A) To create new unified states where none had existed, such as Germany and Italy
B) To tear apart long-established multi-ethnic states such as Austria and the Ottoman Empire
C) To create greater internal support for established states, such as France
D) All of these options are correct

Question 15

Napoleon III

A) Prohibited elections and legislatures in France
B) Undertook policies of imperial expansion that stifled economic growth
C) Built hospitals, nurseries and homes for the aged and rebuilt Paris into a modern city
D) Opposed all national unifications

Question 16

As part of an aggressive foreign policy, Napoleon III did all of the following except

A) Bring France into the Crimean War against Russia
B) Intervene in the Austro-Piedmont war in Italy
C) Attempt to make a Habsburg prince emperor of Mexico
D) Openly intervene in the American Civil War

Question 17

Tennyson's poem, The Charge of the Light Brigade, chronicled the horrors of which war?

A) Franco-Prussian War
B) American Civil War
C) Crimean War
D) War for Italian Unification

Question 18

Florence Nightingale gained fame

A) For her success nursing British wounded in the Crimean War
B) As the first female newspaper reporter, covering the Crimean War and exposing British military incompetence
C) As the first Englishwoman to obtain a medical degree and establishing a medical school to train female physicians
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 19

The Crimean War

A) Saw the defeat of Russia by the Turks, British, French and Piedmontese
B) Saw the use of the telegraphy by newspaper correspondents, permitting newspaper readers to learn of battles, casualties and military failures soon after these happened
C) Saw poor sanitation cause numerous casualties, providing the opportunity for Florence Nightingale to found the modern practice of nursing
D) All of these options are correct

Question 20

Tsar Alexander II of Russia freed Russian serfs because

A) He was the only liberal tsar of the nineteenth century
B) He was afraid that if he did not, there might be a massive uprising of peasants seeking freedom from serfdom
C) He was forced to do so because the Polish uprising compelled him to insure enough peace in Russia that he could expend all of his forces in suppressing that revolt
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 21

Alexander II of Russia

A) Succeeded in making reforms that transformed Russia into a liberal, rather than an autocratic, country
B) Refused, like his father Nicolas I, to make any reforms at all
C) Undertook some reforms, including the emancipation of serfs, but failed to make Russia a truly modern . country, reverting to autocratic habits
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 22

In the 1850s nationalism proved itself to be the strongest political force in Europe, much stronger than either liberalism or conservatism.

Question 23

Giuseppe Garibaldi was the prime minister of Piedmont who organized the unification of Italy.

Question 24

Although large and populous, the Kingdom of Naples was so weak that the Italian nationalist Garibaldi quickly conquered it with an army of only a thousand armed civilian adventurers.

Question 25

The proposal by William I of Prussia to double the size of the army set in motion the crises that led to Bismarck's becoming prime minister.

Question 26

As his first step towards unifying Germany, Bismarck immediately declared war on Austria.

Question 27

The North Germany Confederation created by Bismarck after the Austro-Prussian War had a legislature elected by universal male suffrage.

Question 28

Bismarck used the Spanish offer of a throne to a member of the Hohenzollern family as an opportunity to trick France into war.

Question 29

In the enthusiasm over the Prussian victory against France, the Prussian army ransacked the palace of Louis XIV at Versailles.

Question 30

The South won the U.S. Civil War.

Question 31

Canada gained its independence from Great Britain in 1867.

Question 32

In the aftermath of the 1866 defeat by Prussia, Germans in Austria allied with the Czechs to curtail the autonomous aspirations of the Hungarians.

Question 33

In the nineteenth century, Russia was termed the "Sick Man of Europe."

Question 34

Napoleon III granted universal male suffrage during the Second Empire.

Question 35

The city of Paris physically deteriorated under Napoleon III as he ignored its needs to pursue his adventurous foreign policy.

Question 36

It can be argued that the downfall of Napoleon III came about especially because of his overly adventuristic foreign policy.

Question 37

In the nineteenth century, Russia was regarded as less conservative than Austria.

Question 38

Florence Nightingale gained fame for nursing wounded soldiers in the Crimean War.

Question 39

Medical care for soldiers in the Crimean War was phenomenal.

Question 40

When Alexander II of Russia decreed freedom for the serfs, he insured that they received generous amounts of land.

Question 41

In order to defeat Austria, which was much more powerful than the Piedmont, Cavour made a secret alliance with ________.

Question 42

Giuseppe Garibaldi's great contribution to Italian unification was his invasion of the Kingdom of ________.

Question 43

The Italian state that became the core of a modern, united Italy was ________.

Question 44

The German state that became the core of a modern, united Germany was ________.

Question 45

Rejecting the politics of liberalism, Bismarck declared that the great questions of his day were decided by "________."

Question 46

Bismarck, prior to provoking Austria into war, cemented his diplomatic position by promising some Austrian territory to ________.

Question 47

Although the North Germany Confederation had a legislature elected by universal male suffrage, the text regards the Confederation as a basically ________ regime.

Question 48

After the victory over France, the new German Empire was proclaimed, not in Berlin, but in________.

Question 49

By 1871, Prussia was considered the dominant continental European power, taking over the position traditionally held by _______.

Question 50

___________ was the issue that most divided the North and the South in the American Civil War.

Question 51

The American Civil War lasted _______ years.

Question 52

__________ gained its independence from Great Britain in 1867.

Question 53

After the loss to Prussia in 1866, the German population of the Austrian Empire allied with the________ (or Hungarians) to share political power and keep other nationalities subordinate.

Question 54

In the nineteenth century, the Ottoman or Turkish Empire, was often called derisively the "________."

Question 55

The era of Napoleon II in France is called the ________.

Question 56

A major achievement of Napoleon III was the rebuilding of ________ under the direction of Haussmann.

Question 57

One of Napoleon III's foreign adventures turned into a failure when he failed to establish a puppet emperor in ________.

Question 58

The Crimean War, with all its casualties, led Florence Nightingale to found the modern profession of________.

Question 59

By 1850, Russia was unique among European countries in that its peasants were still ________.

Question 60

The Russian tsar who decreed the end of serfdom in Russia was ________.

Question 61

What were the major steps that led to Italian unification?

Question 62

What were the major steps that led to German unification?

Question 63

In what ways was nationalism decisive in the Austrian and Ottoman empires?

Question 64

How did such leaders as Napoleon III in France and Alexander II in Russia try to link nationalism and state building? Were they successful?

Question 65

How did the forces of nationalism between 1850 and 1870 change the geopolitical structure of Europe? Consider the cases of Italy, Germany, Austria, the Ottoman Empire, France and Russia.

Question 66

To what extent did all the changes wrought in Europe by nationalism between 1850 and 1870 represent victories or defeats for the principles of classic liberalism and classic conservatism?

Question 67

In a chapter dedicated to nationalism and state building, Great Britain is barely mentioned, with the most significant action apparently in relation to Canada. What factors and events in British history justify this virtual omission of Great Britain from this chapter?