Deck 8: Carl Rogers and Person-Centered Counseling

Question 1

A primary goal of person-centered counseling is to

A)help people understand their biological predispositions.
B)assist people in bringing unconscious material to awareness.
C)develop peoples' trust in and ability to use their own resources.
D)help people gain control over their drives and parental messages.

Answer 1

develop peoples' trust in and ability to use their own resources.

Question 2

Carl Rogers's term for a person's tendency to move toward self-realization, growth, and health is

A)individuation.
B)actualization.
C)life-positioning.
D)self-development.

Answer 2

actualization.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an example of Carl Rogers's facilitative conditions?

A)empathy
B)self-actualization
C)congruence
D)unconditional positive regard

Answer 3

self-actualization

Question 4

Which is the best example of unconditional positive regard?

A)A therapist reinforces client statements which are goal-directed and ignores those that are not.
B)A therapist seeks to understand a client's experiences without indicating approval or disapproval.
C)A therapist uses positive reinforcement to help a client change behavior.
D)A therapist reframes all negative client statements.

Question 5

Rogers believed that the highest authority in guiding treatment should be the

A)clinician's judgment.
B)treatment plan developed by the clinician.
C)client's life script.
D)client's direct experience.

Question 6

The focus of person-centered counseling is most likely to be

A)a specific presenting problem.
B)dysfunctional thought patterns.
C)personal growth.
D)past client successes.

Question 7

An important goal of the person-centered clinician is to

A)maintain the role of impartial observer.
B)demonstrate the core conditions.
C)stimulate transfer reactions in the client.
D)gather sufficient data to make an accurate diagnosis.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a fundamental goal of person-centered counseling?

A)Promoting openness to experience.
B)Helping people develop a sense of meaning and purpose.
C)Encouraging people to examine their irrational thoughts.
D)Helping people trust themselves and others.

Question 9

Lily was concerned that her client had not collected all the data necessary to make an important decision and shared her concern with her client. Lily's behavior is an example of

A)self-disclosure
B)empathy.
C)immediacy.
D)acceptance.

Question 10

Dana stressed to her client the importance of staying within the time scheduled for their session, but Dana was consistently late for appointments herself. This is an example of a lack of

A)positive regard.
B)acceptance.
C)immediacy.
D)congruence.

Question 11

Francisco's client sounded irritated when Francisco asked her how her week had been. A clinician response that shows immediacy might be:

A)Let's talk about your week now. What happened this week?
B)You sounded a little irritated when I asked you about your week.
C)I'm sure you had a great week.
D)Some weeks are good, some are bad. That's to be expected.

Question 12

Empathy is most like

A)sympathy.
B)putting yourself in the client's shoes.
C)restating the client's words.
D)being nonjudgmental.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of sympathy?

A)It encourages people to view themselves as victims.
B)It usually leads to a productive conversation.
C)It brings people together in a shared experience.
D)It decreases the distance between two people.

Question 14

Which of the following is most likely to be used by person-centered therapists?

A)modification of cognitive distortions
B)reflections
C)assessment tools
D)word association

Question 15

All of the following treatment modalities evolved directly from person-centered counseling except one. Which one did not?

A)Emotion-focused therapy
B)Existential therapy
C)Experiential focusing
D)Motivational interviewing

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true about person-centered counseling (PCC)?

A)Rogers's core conditions of empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence enhance the creation of a sound therapeutic alliance regardless of which theoretical approach is used.
B)Some people are uncomfortable expressing emotions and may prefer a thought-oriented treatment approach over PCC.
C)PCC pays close attention to the childhood origins of people's difficulties.
D)The primary vehicle for change in PCC is the relationship between the client and the counselor.

Question 17

Experiential focusing is a powerful intervention because

A)it is holistic.
B)it is immediate, focused in the here-and-now.
C)the "felt sense" provides an experiential way of knowing.
D)all of the above.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true?

A)Focusing, developed by Eugene Gendlin, helps clients to locate a "felt sense" in their body.
B)Specific strategies of interventions are an important part of person-centered therapy.
C)Parents seeking to follow Rogerian theory would avoid giving conditional messages to their children.
D)All emotion-focused therapies are experiential in nature.

Question 19

Today, Carl Rogers's beliefs about empathy, UPR, and congruence are likely to be found in

A)all psychological treatment approaches as part of establishing a sound therapeutic alliance.
B)elementary school programs that teach children empathy.
C)a global effort to bring peace and understanding to areas of conflict.
D)All of the above.

Question 20

Define characteristics of the fully functioning person.

Question 21

The crux of person-centered counseling is the creation of necessary and sufficient conditions as the basis of the therapeutic process. Discuss and explain why Carl Rogers thought this was sufficient. Do you agree or disagree?

Question 22

Describe the organismic valuing process (OVP). How does it work? How does this process lead people to happiness? How can incongruence, or not honoring the OVP, lead to anxiety and adjustment problems?

Question 23

Compare the characteristics and impact of empathy and sympathy. Write one empathic clinician response and one sympathetic clinician response for each of the following client statements.
a) I cannot believe that my son totaled my new car.
b) I'd like to stay in school, but I don't think I have enough money for next year's tuition.
c) My dad said he would come to see me this weekend but he never showed up.

Question 24

Discuss the strengths, contributions, and limitations of person-centered counseling, including its use with people from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Question 25

Discuss the pros and cons of clinician self-disclosure, its appropriate and inappropriate purposes, and three guidelines for the use of self-disclosure.

Question 26

Create a dialogue of at least five clinician statements and five client statements which demonstrate person-centered counseling. Include in the dialogue and label at least four of the following key elements of person-centered counseling:
●empathy
●empowering the client
●genuineness
●immediacy
●reflection of feeling
●reflection of meaning
●self-disclosure
●valuing

Question 27

Discuss how PCC and other experiential therapies, including emotion-focused therapy, experiential focusing, and motivational interviewing, use empathy and emotions to help clients.