Deck 2: Methods of Investigation of Population Health Issues

Question 1

What is the essential difference between an Indigenous research paradigm and a dominant research paradigm, such as critical research?

A) In an Indigenous paradigm, knowledge is considered individual rather than shared.
B) In an Indigenous paradigm, moral and political activity is the main research purpose.
C) In a critical research paradigm, truth is culturally and most often historically bound.
D) In an Indigenous paradigm, knowledge is considered shared rather than individually owned.

Answer 1

In an Indigenous paradigm, knowledge is considered shared rather than individually owned.

Question 2

Which of the following types of study design represents an analytical experimental study that would require a rigorous ethics approval process?

A) Ecological study
B) Cross-sectional study
C) Prevalence study
D) Randomized controlled trial

Answer 2

Randomized controlled trial

Question 3

Which research approach is most useful for understanding the perceptions of a particular group of people interacting with health care providers in a community outreach clinic?

A) Clinical epidemiology
B) Causal associations
C) Phenomenological study
D) Ethnographic study

Answer 3

Phenomenological study

Question 4

Which important criterion indicates the effectiveness of a population-based screening test?

A) The test results have high sensitivity and high specificity.
B) The test results identify morbidity and mortality.
C) The test results represent the communicable disease process
D) The test results define procedural quality.

Question 5

What makes surveillance an important population health activity?

A) It enables planning and evaluation of public health practice.
B) It is an effective diagnostic tool and provides early treatment.
C) It promotes research on effective interventions.
D) It has the capacity to promote interprofessional collaboration.

Question 6

Which measure is incorporated in calculating population attributable risk?

A) Odds ratio
B) Causal risk
C) Incidence rate
D) Relative risk

Question 7

Which of the following actions does active surveillance require that passive surveillance already has in place?

A) Automatic reporting of case information
B) Development of a reporting process by contacting relevant clinicians in a community
C) Waiting for reports by those who are responsible for surveillance
D) Action under the responsibility of Health Canada

Question 8

How does health informatics promote evidence-informed care?

A) Data analysis is specific to communicable disease only.
B) Data analysis assists in improving the public health response.
C) Individual-level longitudinal health data are identified.
D) Discipline-specific population health information is provided.

Question 9

What does the science of epidemiology encourage health care providers to explore in order to understand both positive and negative health states within a population? (Select all that apply.)

A) The causes of disease states in isolation from the environment
B) The distribution and determinants of health-related states
C) Studies that consider person, place, and time
D) The influence of determinants of health on well-being
E) Nutrition as it relates to chronic diseases

Question 10

What is required for a screening program to be identified as an ethical population-based service? (Select all that apply.)

A) Both positive and questionable results are further evaluated.
B) Effective diagnostic evaluation and early treatment are available.
C) Screening is in place before effective interventions are known.
D) The capacity for diagnostic follow-up is available and in place.
E) Only positive results are further reviewed and evaluated.