Deck 12: Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

Groups whose members are singled out for discriminatory treatment on the basis of racial or cultural characteristics are termed:

A) ethnic groups
B) excluded groups
C) minority groups
D) subordinate groups

Answer 1

minority groups

Question 2

An inbreeding population that develops distinctive physical features that set them apart is called a(n):

A) minority group
B) ethnic group
C) race
D) species

Answer 2

race

Question 3

Which of the following statements about racial groups is true?

A) Biological differences allow scientists to identify "pure" races.
B) Human groups have exchanged genes to such an extent that it is impossible to identify "pure" races.
C) Pure racial groups exist only in societies that have remained isolated.
D) There is no evidence that separate racial groups have ever existed.

Answer 3

Human groups have exchanged genes to such an extent that it is impossible to identify "pure" races.

Question 4

Race is essentially a:

A) religious ideology
B) geographic concept
C) social concept
D) mathematical principle

Question 5

Ethnic groups are populations distinguished by

A) distinctive cultural patterns
B) a sense of peoplehood
C) being immigrants or descendants of immigrants
D) all of these

Question 6

Simpson and Yinger argue that all of the following beliefs are important elements of racist doctrines EXCEPT:

A) different races make varying contributions to the stability of society
B) members of different races have different personalities
C) some races are biologically superior and some are inferior
D) that ethical standards differ from one race to another

Question 7

When the U.S. Army administered tests to recruits during World War I, it discovered that:

A) blacks tended to score higher than whites
B) IQ was meaningless in terms of ability to predict effectiveness as a soldier
C) IQ was unrelated to race
D) performance was linked to social class

Question 8

Efforts to demonstrate innate differences in intelligence by race through the use of IQ tests are faulty because:

A) blacks tend to be underrepresented in the studies
B) it cannot be established that there are distinctive racial types
C) the conditions under which the tests are given tend to favor whites
D) the tests used are biased against minority groups

Question 9

The civil rights movement was a struggle to gain

A) educational freedom
B) equality of opportunity
C) occupational opportunities
D) right to own property

Question 10

A population that has a sense of group identity based on a distinctive cultural pattern and, usually, shared ancestry, whether actual or assumed, is:

A) a minority group
B) an ethnic group
C) an excluded group
D) a racial group

Question 11

Which of the following statements about ethnic groups is NOT correct?

A) Membership in such a group is determined by unique biological characteristics.
B) Their members share a sense of group identity.
C) Their members usually have migrated to a new nation or been conquered by an invading population.
D) They constitute subcultures within the larger society.

Question 12

Of the following, which is considered to be one of the major social problems of the world?

A) inability of social groups to communicate through one language
B) the variety of religious beliefs that are found throughout the world
C) the belief in the innate inferiority of populations thought of as separate races
D) the ultimate blending of races into one human population

Question 13

The sociological definition of the term "dominance" emphasizes which of the following concepts?

A) control of wealth and power
B) cultural superiority of one group over another
C) numerical superiority of one group over another
D) racial differences between groups

Question 14

A population that, because of its members' physical or cultural characteristics, is singled out from others in the society for differential and unequal treatment is:

A) a minority group
B) an ethnic group
C) an excluded group
D) a racial group

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a minority group?

A) It is a clearly distinctive racial group.
B) Its members are singled out for differential or unequal treatment.
C) Its members have unique physical or cultural characteristics.
D) Its members regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT implied by the existence of minority groups in a society?

A) Some people see themselves as victims of collective discrimination.
B) The minority group constitutes a numerical minority of the society's population.
C) The minority group is excluded from full participation in the life of the society.
D) There is a dominant group that has higher status and more privileges.

Question 17

The period of immigration when the flow of people coming from China to the U.S. began was

A) 1790 - 1810
B) 1820 - 1885
C) 1885 - 1959
D) 1921 - 1959

Question 18

The majority of the earliest settlers in the United States were from:

A) Germany
B) Italy
C) Poland
D) Great Britain

Question 19

The period of immigration in which quotas were implemented was:

A) 1921 - 1959
B) 1820 - 1885
C) 1790 - 1820
D) 1885 - 1940

Question 20

The quota system as we know it today places a preference on

A) individuals willing to learn new skills
B) skilled workers and professionals
C) those who already speak English
D) people from South America

Question 21

Which is the most severe form of inequality?

A) occupational
B) educational
C) wealth
D) income

Question 22

The most severe discrimination in accumulating wealth is found in:

A) wages
B) mortgage lending
C) education
D) net financial assets

Question 23

The straightforward value of any assets minus any debts is called:

A) net value
B) net assets
C) net worth
D) household worth

Question 24

The intentional extermination of one population by a more dominant population is termed:

A) assimilation
B) genocide
C) internal colonialism
D) segregation

Question 25

In a study of a New Guinea tribe, Richard Salisbury found that its members believed that anyone from another tribe wanted to kill them, and therefore they must kill any member of another tribe they encountered. This practice is an example of:

A) assimilation
B) expulsion
C) genocide
D) segregation

Question 26

The population of Native Americans in North America was reduced from over four million in the eighteenth century, to below 600,000 in the early twentieth century, as a result of:

A) affirmative action
B) amalgamation
C) assimilation
D) genocide

Question 27

Genocide is almost always supported by the belief that the people who are being exterminated:

A) are less than human
B) cannot survive on their own
C) constitute a dangerous military threat
D) should accept their fate

Question 28

Which of the following is the most severe form of intolerance that one group can exhibit another?

A) expulsion
B) genocide
C) segregation
D) slavery

Question 29

Mass killings during European colonial conquests occurred in:

A) India
B) Thailand
C) Australia
D) Africa

Question 30

The Native American population in the United States was reduced from more than 4 million to less than

A) 1 million
B) 600,000
C) 400,000
D) 300,000

Question 31

The forcible removal of one population from the territory claimed by another is termed:

A) detention
B) expulsion
C) genocide
D) projection

Question 32

The process of forcing Native Americans to live on reservations is termed:

A) assimilation
B) expulsion
C) genocide
D) ghettoization

Question 33

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 is an example of:

A) assimilation
B) expulsion
C) genocide
D) internal colonialism

Question 34

The transfer of the Cherokee Indian Nation from the mountains of Appalachia to reservations in Oklahoma is an example of:

A) assimilation
B) expulsion
C) genocide
D) ghettoization

Question 35

The ownership of one racial, ethnic, or politically-determined group by another group that has complete control over it is termed:

A) expulsion
B) genocide
C) internal colonialism
D) slavery

Question 36

Slavery has been called "the peculiar institution" because:

A) it has existed even in the world's greatest civilizations
B) it has singled out blacks to the exclusion of other groups
C) it is extremely degrading and dehumanizing
D) there is no real place for it in the modern world

Question 37

Compared with Brazil, the United States imported:

A) about the same number of slaves
B) fewer slaves
C) many more slaves
D) somewhat more slaves

Question 38

Which of the following was NOT characteristic of slavery in Brazil?

A) Slaveholders treated their slaves relatively well.
B) The mortality rate of slaves was very high.
C) The proportion of slave imports was relatively high.
D) There were many slave rebellions.

Question 39

The ecological and institutional separation of races or ethnic groups is termed:

A) assimilation
B) expulsion
C) genocide
D) segregation

Question 40

Which of the following statements about segregation is NOT true?

A) It can be enforced either by custom or by law.
B) It involves ecological and institutional separation of races or ethnic groups.
C) It is by definition involuntary.
D) It results from the ability of a majority to impose its will on a minority.

Question 41

Which of the following patterns represents the greatest degree of tolerance that one group can have for another?

A) assimilation
B) expulsion
C) genocide
D) segregation

Question 42

All of the following are results of the continuing effects of slavery EXCEPT:

A) inability to gain wealth and income
B) lack of occupational prestige
C) affirmative action policies
D) social mobility

Question 43

Another term for South Africa's former policy of extreme racial segregation is:

A) apartheid
B) de facto segregation
C) expulsion
D) genocide

Question 44

The laws passed in the South just after the Civil War to restrict where blacks could live, the types of jobs they could hold, and where they could go to school were known as:

A) affirmative action programs
B) de facto segregation
C) Jim Crow laws
D) internal colonialism

Question 45

The Jim Crow laws passed in the South after the Civil War were an example of:

A) de facto segregation
B) de jure segregation
C) genocide
D) reverse discrimination

Question 46

The "separate but equal" doctrine was upheld by which of the following Supreme Court decisions?

A) Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka
B) Endo v. United States
C) Plessy v. Ferguson
D) Roe v. Wade

Question 47

In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court held that:

A) an employer could not set educational requirements for a job that were not relevant to that job
B) requiring people to pay a poll tax in order to vote was unconstitutional
C) separate facilities for different races were legal as long as they were of equal quality
D) the forced relocation of an entire ethnic group without a hearing or formal charges was unconstitutional

Question 48

The idea that "separate but equal is inherently unequal" was expressed in which of the following Supreme Court decisions?

A) Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka
B) Endo v. United States
C) Plessy v. Ferguson
D) Wade v. Rowe

Question 49

In the case of Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka the Supreme Court held that:

A) an employer could not set educational requirements for a job that were not relevant to that job
B) requiring people to pay a poll tax in order to vote was unconstitutional
C) separate but equal was inherently unequal
D) the incarceration of an entire ethnic group without a hearing or formal charges was unconstitutional

Question 50

Which of the following Supreme Court decisions upheld the doctrine that the incarceration of an entire ethnic group without a hearing or formal charges was unconstitutional?

A) Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka
B) Endo v. United States
C) Plessy v. Ferguson
D) Wade v. Rowe

Question 51

Which of the following was responsible for putting an end to legally-sanctioned segregation in private accommodations and the sale of housing?

A) Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka
B) Endo v. United States
C) Plessy v. Ferguson
D) the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 52

Segregation that is enforced by unwritten norms is:

A) de facto segregation
B) de jure segregation
C) expulsion
D) genocide

Question 53

Which of the following is a measure of segregation in any given area such as a community or a black with in a neighborhood?

A) racial separation index
B) segregation index
C) racial and ethnic index
D) socioeconomic index

Question 54

A pattern of intergroup relations in which a minority group either is forced, encouraged, or voluntarily seeks to blend into the majority population, and eventually disappears as a distinct people within the larger society, is referred to as:

A) absorption
B) affirmative action
C) amalgamation
D) assimilation

Question 55

Which of the following has been used as an indicator of the degree of assimilation in a society?

A) the number of minority group members attending elite colleges
B) the number of minority group members holding political office
C) the rate at which minority group members are accepted into private clubs
D) the rate of racial intermarriage in a society

Question 56

Which of the following is a measure of dissimilarity in the distribution of nonwhite households in a city from the distribution that would be expected if there were no segregation?

A) the absorption rate
B) the assimilation rate
C) the integration index
D) the segregation index

Question 57

Peaceful City has a segregation index of 0. Half of the residents are nonwhite. In these Circumstances, how many blacks would you expect to find in a neighborhood with 500 residents?

A) 125
B) 250
C) 500
D) 750

Question 58

One of the effects of racial or ethnic segregation is the

A) elimination of difference
B) concentration of poverty
C) creation of a heterogeneous population
D) creation of an ecologically balanced population

Question 59

The belief that culturally distinct groups should give up their own cultures and adopt the norms of Anglo-Saxon culture is termed:

A) Anglo-conformity
B) cultural pluralism
C) integration
D) the melting pot

Question 60

Another term for Anglo-conformity is:

A) amalgamation
B) Americanization
C) cultural pluralism
D) integration

Question 61

The idea that immigrants and their children should become "100 percent American" is an aspect of:

A) Anglo-conformity
B) cultural pluralism
C) internal colonialism
D) the melting pot

Question 62

Which of the following terms refers to the theory that immigrants would be fused into a mixed race, resulting in a "new indigenous American type"?

A) Anglo-conformity
B) cultural pluralism
C) integration
D) the melting pot

Question 63

The belief that culturally distinct groups can retain their communities and much of their culture while participating in the institutions of the larger society is termed:

A) amalgamation
B) Anglo-conformity
C) cultural pluralism
D) the melting pot

Question 64

The movement to declare English as the official national language is an example of which of the following ideologies?

A) Anglo-conformity
B) cultural pluralism
C) ethnic cleansing
D) melting pot

Question 65

What term is used to refer to the heterogeneous nature of a society made up of a variety of groups of people?

A) ethnic stratification
B) diversity
C) ethnic segregation
D) racial diversion

Question 66

Which of the following views of minority relations is the opposite of Anglo-conformity?

A) amalgamation
B) assimilation
C) cultural pluralism
D) internal colonialism

Question 67

The situation where different groups appear to be valued differently depending on how closely they conform to Anglo-Saxon standards of appearance, behavior, and values is referred to as:

A) Anglo-conformity
B) ethnic stratification
C) the melting pot
D) the segregation index

Question 68

In an analysis of ethnic intermarriage for the period 1870-1940, Ruby Jo Reeves Kennedy concluded that:

A) the frequency of intergroup marriage had decreased moderately
B) the frequency of intergroup marriage had decreased significantly
C) there had been no change in the frequency of intergroup marriage
D) there was a growing tendency for intergroup marriage

Question 69

The concept of a "triple melting pot" refers to the idea that assimilation occurs:

A) first among groups that share the same racial characteristics and later among different races
B) first among groups that share the same religion and later among groups with different religions
C) over a period of three generations
D) over a fixed period depending on when an ethnic group first arrived in the United States

Question 70

In Beyond the Melting Pot, Nathan Glazer and Daniel Patrick Moynihan concluded that:

A) assimilation occurs first among groups that share the same religion and later among groups with different religions
B) ethnic groups become assimilated into American society in the order in which they first arrived in the United States
C) ethnicity does not disappear as a result of assimilation
D) racial and ethnic assimilation is inevitable

Question 71

A society in which different ethnic and racial groups are able to maintain their own cultures and life-styles even as they gain equality in the institutions of the larger society is a:

A) mass society
B) melting pot
C) pluralistic society
D) totalitarian society

Question 72

Which of the following statements about pluralism is true?

A) It is difficult to achieve.
B) It is the inevitable outcome of a multi-ethnic society.
C) It leads to assimilation.
D) Most minority groups wish to give up their ethnic identity.

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT an explanation of why ethnic stratification persists in pluralistic societies?

A) the fact that many ethnic groups wish to preserve their identity
B) the inability of most ethnic groups to internalize the cultural values of the larger society
C) the persistence of discrimination in the larger society
D) the tendency of the majority to view minorities in terms of stereotypes

Question 74

An evaluation of a person, either positively or negatively, on the basis of real or imagined characteristics of a group of which that person is a member is termed:

A) cultural relativism
B) discrimination
C) institutional discrimination
D) prejudice

Question 75

In a study dealing with policies of "nonacceptance of Orientals," Richard LaPiere discovered that:

A) although most hotels had a stated policy of "nonacceptance of Orientals," they accommodated Chinese guests
B) few hotels in the study had a policy of discrimination against Orientals
C) most hotels in the study had a stated policy of openly welcoming Chinese guests
D) most hotels in the study stated that they had no policy at all with respect to Orientals

Question 76

Inflexible images of a racial or cultural group that are held without regard to whether or not they
Are true are termed:

A) cartoons
B) cognitions
C) ethnic images
D) stereotypes

Question 77

Unfair treatment of people on the basis of their group membership is termed:

A) cultural relativism
B) discrimination
C) prejudice
D) projection

Question 78

Discrimination is to prejudice as behavior is to:

A) attitude
B) ethnicity
C) instinct
D) stereotype

Question 79

The form of discrimination that is the systematic exclusion of people from equal access to and participation in a particular institution is

A) social discrimination
B) racial discrimination
C) institutional discrimination
D) none of these

Question 80

Over an extended period of time institutional discrimination leads to

A) improved group interaction
B) group segregation
C) overall pattern of oppression
D) extended institutional discrimination