Deck 10: Sexual Dysfunctions,Paraphilic Disorders,and Gender Dysphoria

Question 1

A therapist is thinking about holding a seminar about erectile dysfunction at an adult living centre. There are 200 men over 70 who use this facility.How many men could this therapist expect would be affected by erectile dysfunction?

A) 100
B) 125
C) 140
D) 175

Answer 1

175

Question 2

What is the common outcome of occasional sexual dysfunction in married couples?

A) It does not necessarily lead to sexual dissatisfaction.
B) It is extremely stressful for any marriage.
C) It is a normal though stressful part of every marriage.
D) It is the greatest single cause of marital discord.

Answer 2

It does not necessarily lead to sexual dissatisfaction.

Question 3

Jeff has just sought professional help for a sexual problem.Based on what is most prevalent,what problem did Jeff most likely report he is having?

A) an orgasm problem
B) male erectile disorder
C) a desire problem
D) a paraphilia-related problem

Answer 3

male erectile disorder

Question 4

What is a common characteristic of all sexual dysfunctions?

A) They all involve culturally stigmatized behaviour.
B) They all involve sexual behaviours that the majority of the population does not participate in.
C) They all are related to being unable to have sexual intercourse.
D) They all cause distress to the individual or their victim.

Question 5

According to research by Brotto and colleagues,what is one cultural difference between Euro-Canadian women and Asian women with regard to sexual attitudes?

A) Asian women have more sexual knowledge.
B) Asian women have more sexual experiences.
C) Asian women have higher rates of desire.
D) Asian women have greater sexual anxiety.

Question 6

What is the main feature of sexual arousal disorders?

A) an abnormally high level of desire for sex
B) lack of desire for sex despite normal physical sexual response
C) normal desire for sex, but not with one's partner
D) lack of physical sexual response despite desire for sex

Question 7

According to the text,which of the following is a Western country where the perceived age of social acceptance of sexual intercourse is very similar for males and females?

A) The United States
B) Canada
C) Sweden
D) Mexico

Question 8

Although Mark constantly fantasizes about having sex with his wife,when he actually attempts intercourse,he cannot maintain an erection.This has been a persistent problem for several months now.What problem does Mark appear to have?

A) male orgasmic disorder
B) hypoactive sexual desire
C) dyspareunia
D) male erectile disorder

Question 9

How have the differences between male and female attitudes toward sexuality changed over the past 40 years?

A) These differences have generally increased.
B) These differences have disappeared.
C) These differences have generally decreased.
D) These differences have generally remained the same.

Question 10

When are sexual arousal disorders most likely to be diagnosed?

A) when there is a lack of desire for sex in either men or women
B) when there is an inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males and a lack of desire for sex in females
C) when there is an inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males and a lack of lubrication in females
D) when there is an inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males and a lack of orgasm in females

Question 11

Which of the following sexual behaviours is culturally accepted and encouraged in about half of the societies surveyed worldwide,but is unacceptable and discouraged in the other half?

A) masturbation
B) premarital sexual behaviour
C) homosexual behaviour
D) oral-genital sex

Question 12

Which of the following individuals is most likely to have a hypoactive sexual desire disorder?

A) a 30-year-old female
B) a 65-year-old female
C) a 40-year-old male
D) a 65-year-old male

Question 13

What percentage of married women who have had occasional trouble with orgasm reported the issue to be problematic?

A) 25 percent
B) 35 percent
C) 45 percent
D) 55 percent

Question 14

Although Maria fantasizes about sex and has no lack of sexual desire,when she and her husband attempt to have intercourse,she has difficulty becoming vaginally lubricated.This has been a persistent problem for several months now.What problem does Maria appear to have?

A) female sexual arousal disorder
B) female orgasmic disorder
C) vaginismus
D) dyspareunia

Question 15

What is the approximate prevalence of erectile dysfunction in Canadian men?

A) 1 percent
B) 3 percent
C) 7 percent
D) 11 percent

Question 16

David has no interest in sex at all.He has no sexual fantasies and no desire to engage in sexual activity.While he does not find sex disgusting or revolting,he does not understand what others find so exciting about it.He feels just fine remaining celibate.What condition does he most likely have?

A) dyspareunia
B) hypoactive sexual disorder
C) male erectile disorder
D) sexual aversion disorder

Question 17

Nina from Sweden and Cathy from Canada just had sexual intercourse for the first time.Based on what is typical in each of their native countries,what can you predict about the probability of these women using contraception?

A) Nina is slightly more likely to have used contraception.
B) Nina is significantly less likely to have used contraception.
C) Nina is significantly more likely to have used contraception.
D) Nina and Cathy are equally like to have used contraception.

Question 18

What is the main feature of sexual arousal disorders?

A) an excessively high expectation of sex, followed by continual disappointment
B) an obsession with sex, to the exclusion of any other distraction
C) a lack of physical sexual response despite desire for sex
D) a normal desire for sex, but a physical sexual response that is only possible with strangers

Question 19

What happens to the prevalence of hypoactive sexual desire disorder with age?

A) For men, it stays the same; for women, it decreases.
B) For men, it increases; for women, it decreases.
C) For men, it increases; for women, it stays the same.
D) For men, it increases; for women, it increases.

Question 20

What sexual behaviour is known to vary the most in frequency between males and females?

A) giving oral sex
B) receiving oral sex
C) anal intercourse
D) masturbation

Question 21

Mary is convinced she has a sexual pain disorder.What must her doctor rule out before confirming this diagnosis?

A) other sexual dysfunctions, such as sexual aversion disorder, which has almost identical symptoms
B) relationship issues that could be the cause of the dysfunction
C) a medical cause of the pain
D) vaginismus

Question 22

Which of the following sexual disorders are gender specific?

A) vaginismus and sexual arousal disorder
B) hypoactive sexual desire disorder and dyspareunia
C) vaginismus and premature ejaculation
D) dyspareunia and premature ejaculation

Question 23

Oliver can ejaculate while masturbating but not with his partner.What disorder does he likely have?

A) male orgasmic disorder
B) male arousal disorder
C) premature ejaculatory disorder
D) hypoxiphilia

Question 24

Sandra and Jim have been happily married for several years.Sandra reports that she reaches orgasm from intercourse only about half of the time and she wonders if something is "wrong" with her.What should Sandra do?

A) She should realize that this is normal.
B) She should have a medical exam before assuming that she has a diagnosable psychological disorder.
C) She should seek counseling regarding her feelings for Jim to try to understand why she does not reach orgasm more regularly.
D) She should seek treatment for inhibited orgasm disorder.

Question 25

Mario has erectile dysfunction.Which of the following are medical conditions that could be causing Mario's erectile dysfunction?

A) vascular disease and depression
B) vascular disease and diabetes
C) arthritis and diabetes
D) depression and diabetes

Question 26

Which of the following medications cause some degree of sexual dysfunction in approximately 75 percent of individuals taking them?

A) beta blockers
B) anti-hypertensives
C) tricyclic antidepressants
D) SSRIs

Question 27

Which type of sexual pain is related to pelvic muscle tension?

A) dyspareunia
B) anorgasmia
C) vaginismus
D) sexual arousal disorder

Question 28

What is the most common of all the male sexual dysfunctions?

A) inhibited orgasm
B) erectile dysfunction
C) premature (early) ejaculation
D) sexual aversion

Question 29

One reason that it is difficult to provide a precise diagnosis of premature ejaculation is that the concept of "too soon" varies across individuals.What does the textbook suggest that the more important psychological determinant of this complaint may be?

A) a perception of lack of control over orgasm
B) whether the individual is aware of what is a "normal" amount of time
C) whether the individual's partner is sexually satisfied
D) cultural differences in expectations

Question 30

Dr.Muntz studies sexual behaviour.She gathers much or her data from questionnaires.Why does she use this method?

A) They are less expensive than a clinical interview.
B) There are so many aspects to sexuality it is easier to keep all the information organized if a questionnaire is used.
C) More sexual therapists are also conducting research and the questionnaires help with the research.
D) Individuals are more willing to reveal personal information on a questionnaire than in an interview.

Question 31

Approximately what percentage of women report significant difficulty reaching orgasm?

A) 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 40 percent

Question 32

How can chronic illness indirectly affect sexual functioning?

A) by causing fatigue, which then contributes to lack of sexual desire
B) by separating sexual partners when one is hospitalized
C) by making individuals overly cautious about the physical exertion involved in sexual activity
D) by gradually creating an emotional distance between the sexual partners, which in turn, lessens sexual desire

Question 33

Ben went to his doctor complaining of erectile dysfunction.A subsequent sleep study found that Ben does not have penile erections while sleeping.Which of the following can be concluded by Ben's doctor

A) His erectile dysfunction is not simply the result of worrying about sexual performance while in a sexual setting
B) A side effect of a prescribed medication is the cause of his erectile dysfunction.
C) His erectile dysfunction is caused by a medical problem.
D) A psychological difficulty may be the cause of his erectile dysfunction.

Question 34

Both Alex and Phyllis are seeing clinicians for the assessment and treatment of sexual arousal disorders.How is it likely is it that their sexual responsivity will be assessed?

A) through interviews with their partners as well as subjective self-reports
B) through the use of psychophysiological measurements
C) through the use of psychophysiological measurements and subjective self-reports
D) through the use of self-reports

Question 35

Frank is upset because he thinks he may have more than one sexual dysfunction and he thinks that this makes his case very unusual.How is Frank's doctor likely to respond to Frank's concern?

A) by telling him it is difficult to know because patients are reluctant to report more than one problem because of the stigma they feel
B) by telling him it is difficult to answer because some symptoms of sexual dysfunction are caused by medication but are, in fact, not true sexual dysfunctions
C) by telling him that seldom does one sexual dysfunction present in isolation
D) by telling him he is right, it is very uncommon, but that each condition can still most likely be treated

Question 36

In diagnosing orgasm disorder in women,why is it necessary to determine whether the woman "never or almost never" reaches orgasm?

A) because only 50 percent of all women regularly experience orgasm from intercourse
B) because female orgasm difficulties are usually due to an inexperienced partner
C) because it would be a different orgasm disorder if the problem is only occasional
D) because most women regularly experience orgasms from intercourse

Question 37

What is a major biological contribution to the development of sexual dysfunctions?

A) endocrine deficiencies
B) neurological diseases
C) anxiety
D) androgen deficiencies

Question 38

Basson and Brotto (2004)suggest that the current definition of female arousal disorder focuses too much on "genital events," and not enough on subjective arousal.What is the essence of their argument?

A) that many women do not consider absence of physical arousal to be a problem
B) that the DSM 5's emphasis on genital events reflects a male bias
C) that most women who meet the criteria for female arousal disorder are nevertheless able to reach orgasm during intercourse
D) that studies have shown that women with arousal disorder often show normal vaginal responding to erotic movies despite reporting low subjective arousal

Question 39

How are psychophysiological assessments of sexual dysfunction generally conducted?

A) by using a device to measure a patient's physical arousal while exposed to an erotic video or audio tape
B) by asking patients to keep a diary of their sexual activities
C) by using a device to measure a patient's brain waves while exposed to an erotic video or audio tape
D) by a physician during a medical exam

Question 40

Tom is having difficulties with his sex life because he climaxes as soon as he enters his partner.Sometimes he climaxes even before he enters his partner.What is Tom experiencing?

A) male erectile disorder
B) premature ejaculation
C) hypoactive sexual desire disorder
D) male orgasmic disorder

Question 41

How can psychological factors,particularly cognitive and emotional factors,play a powerful role in sexual arousal?

A) by decreasing levels of androgen in males and estrogen in females
B) by determining whether blood flows to the appropriate areas of the body, such as the genitals
C) by lowering the threshold for ejaculation
D) by suppressing the central nervous system

Question 42

Sherri and Leo have been having some sexual difficulties lately.Both have experienced some symptoms of sexual arousal disorders.They decide to have a few glasses of wine before engaging in sex tonight.How would you rate this idea?

A) It is a bad idea, as it could further impair arousal.
B) It is a bad idea, as it tends to decrease desire.
C) It is a good idea, as it could help performance.
D) It is a good idea, as it could help desire.

Question 43

Tom thinks he shows his love and worthiness as a sex partner by working hard at the office and keeping the house in good repair.His wife Maria can't feel sexy unless he woos her with gifts and loving words.According to theorist John Gagnon,in what way do Tom and Maria differ?

A) in their cognitive structuring
B) in their irrational beliefs
C) in their texts
D) in their scripts

Question 44

Dr.Mukherjee teaches a class with 100 adult women in it.About how many women in the class are likely to have some sort of sexual dysfunction?

A) 10
B) 16
C) 24
D) 28

Question 45

Fred and Diane have just completed stage two of sensate focus therapy.What are they instructed to do at this stage?

A) return to full, prior sexual activity
B) take a break from sexual activity for several weeks and then slowly return to normal sexuality
C) begin the "genital pleasuring" stage of the treatment
D) slowly begin sexual activity, continuing nondemand pleasuring as they progress

Question 46

Dr.Lee is a health care provider who works with a community that has very conservative views about sexual behaviour.What disorder will Dr.Lee see more often among this group than in a group with less conservative views about sexual behaviour?

A) vaginismus
B) anorgasmia
C) premature ejaculation.
D) fetishistic disorder

Question 47

Masters and Johnson (1970)used sensate focus therapy for the treatment of premature ejaculation.In what percentage of cases did Masters and Johnson claim this therapy was effective?

A) 50 percent
B) 65 percent
C) 75 percent
D) almost 100 percent

Question 48

What does our current understanding of the psychological causes of sexual dysfunction suggest is the primary psychological factor in sexual dysfunction?

A) unreasonable expectations
B) anxiety
C) suppressed anger
D) distraction

Question 49

Stage two of sensate focus involves genital pleasuring but prohibits intercourse or orgasm.What is the main purpose of this stage?

A) to provide increased anticipation of intercourse
B) to allow sexual experience without the anxiety of performance
C) to provide a break from the "usual" way that the couple has sex
D) to allow each individual to communicate his or her desires to the partner

Question 50

Tori has "erotophobia." What does this mean for Tori?

A) She has a fear of emotional intimacy.
B) She has negative feelings toward sexuality.
C) She has reoccurring thoughts of being raped.
D) She experiences vomiting sensations when she thinks about physical contact.

Question 51

Maggie and Jim have started sex therapy to deal with Jim's recent erectile dysfunction.The therapist instructed them to refrain from intercourse or genital touching,but to spend the next several days enjoying each other through hugging,kissing,and mutual massage.What is this an example of?

A) an erotic body awareness technique
B) disinhibition exercises
C) foreplay exercises
D) stage one of sensate focus treatment

Question 52

What is involved in the sex therapy technique designed specifically to treat premature ejaculation?

A) the squeeze technique
B) sensate focus
C) directed imagery and relaxation exercises
D) nondemand pleasuring

Question 53

Which of the following groups of men are most likely to believe common sexual myths,such as "women normally reach orgasm every time they have intercourse"?

A) men who do not have sexual disorders
B) men with conservative sexual attitudes
C) men who are homosexual
D) men who have sexual disorders

Question 54

In Masters and Johnson's (1970)therapy for erectile dysfunction,approximately what percentage of cases did they claim to have a positive treatment outcome?

A) 25 percent
B) 45 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 85 percent

Question 55

How do sexual dysfunctions compare across cultures?

A) Sexual dysfunctions in women are common across all cultures; sexual dysfunctions in men are more culture specific.
B) Sexual dysfunctions of arousal are common across all cultures; sexual dysfunctions of performance are culture specific.
C) Sexual dysfunctions related to pain are common across all cultures; other sexual dysfunctions are culture specific.
D) Sexual dysfunctions reflect moral disapproval of a given culture.

Question 56

Ken often has problems with premature (early)ejaculation.As he becomes more anxious about his problem,what will most likely happen to the amount of time between initiating intercourse and ejaculation?

A) It will decrease.
B) It will increase.
C) It will depend upon what is making him anxious.
D) It will depend upon what is causing the premature ejaculation in the first place.

Question 57

What is one of the most effective treatments for many sexual dysfunctions?

A) masturbatory training and exposure to erotic material
B) anti-anxiety medication
C) education regarding normal sexuality
D) improving the relationship with the patient's partner

Question 58

How does the interaction of psychological and physical factors unfold with the typical development of sexual dysfunction?

A) Initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as substance use; concern about the dysfunction then leads to more dysfunction, and sex itself becomes associated with negative feelings.
B) A general medical condition triggers the first dysfunction, which is followed by increased anxiety; as the anxiety increases, the sexual dysfunction becomes more severe over time and causes loss of interest in sex.
C) Initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as substance use; this causes a strain on the relationship and reduces the intimacy in the relationship, which then leads to anxiety about one's desirability.
D) Initial dysfunction occurs through slow and gradual deterioration, possibly due to a medical condition; as the medical condition develops, the individual's concern with failing sexuality increases, resulting in relationship problems.

Question 59

Roderick and his partner are seeking treatment for Roderick's premature ejaculation.The therapist encourages the couple to stimulate Roderick's penis to nearly full erection and then to compress the penis firmly to quickly reduce arousal.After repeating this process,insertion is to be attempted without thrusting,and the penis removed if arousal proceeds too quickly.What is this treatment called?

A) erotic desensitization
B) stimulus removal
C) the squeeze technique
D) retarded ejaculation

Question 60

Sensate focus and nondemand pleasuring were designed by Masters and Johnson (1970)to treat sexual dysfunctions.How did these techniques work?

A) primarily through increasing sexual desire and decreasing sexual performance
B) primarily through elimination of psychologically based performance anxiety
C) primarily through creating suspense and excitement in the sexual experience
D) primarily through improving a couple's sexual skills

Question 61

What is a paraphilia?

A) a sexual attraction to a wide variety of abnormal stimuli
B) an abnormal sexual fantasy
C) an abnormally high level of sexual activity
D) a sexual attraction to inappropriate individuals or objects

Question 62

Reissing and colleagues (1999)have been critical of the focus on the achievement of penile-vaginal intercourse as the sole indicator of sex therapy "success." What do they argue that additional outcomes should include?

A) whether the couple is experiencing greater sexual satisfaction
B) improvement of sexual skills
C) whether the original relationship problems have been resolved
D) increasing the length of time spent by the couple in foreplay

Question 63

What are dilators of gradually increasing sizes used for?

A) the treatment of hyperactive sexual desire disorder
B) the treatment of vaginismus
C) the treatment of female orgasmic disorder
D) the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Question 64

Sarah was sent home from sex therapy with an assignment to purchase a vibrator and practice masturbating.What disorder is Sarah MOST likely being treated for?

A) female orgasmic disorder
B) vaginismus
C) hypoactive sexual desire disorder
D) clitoral dysfunction

Question 65

What term refers to a group of disorders in which sexual arousal occurs in the context of inappropriate objects?

A) paraphilia
B) gender dyphorias
C) transvestic fetishism
D) dyspareunia

Question 66

Why is sadistic rape NOT classified as a paraphilia?

A) because most rapes are committed by a male whose patterns of sexual arousal do not fit the diagnostic criteria for a paraphilia
B) because rape is a crime and not a disorder
C) because the behaviour does not involve consenting parties
D) because rapists usually are diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder

Question 67

Although vasodilating drugs,such as papaverine and prostaglandin,are effective in producing an erection for patients with erectile dysfunction,about 50 to 60 percent of patients discontinue using these drugs.Why do they usually discontinue use?

A) because of the expense of the drug
B) because they become more confident about their sexual abilities
C) because of painful side effects
D) because the effectiveness of the drug decreases with continued use

Question 68

Zach and Pam become sexually excited only when Pam spanks Zach or ties him up and hits him.However,these acts are more pretend than real,and no actual harm or pain is inflicted on Zach.Which of the following is the correct diagnostic pairing?

A) Pam-no diagnosis; Zach-masochist
B) Pam-sadist; Zach-masochist
C) Pam-no diagnosis; Zach-no diagnosis
D) Pam-masochist; Zach-sadist

Question 69

Vasodilating drugs such as papaverine and prostaglandin are used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.How are these drugs delivered to the patient?

A) by injection into the arm or hip
B) by injection directly into the penis
C) in a capsule taken orally
D) as a dietary supplement

Question 70

What side effect do approximately 30 percent of Viagra users experience?

A) groin pain
B) dizziness
C) addiction
D) severe headache

Question 71

What disorder is found almost exclusively among gay men?

A) transvestic disorder
B) voyeuristic disorder
C) gender dysphoria
D) pedophilic disorder

Question 72

Sadistic rapists are not classified as having a paraphilia because their behaviour is classified as an assault.However,research indicates that many these individuals meet the criteria for another disorder.What disorder is it?

A) conduct disorder
B) psychotic personality disorder
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) histrionic personality disorder

Question 73

What percentage of individuals with hypoactive sexual desire disorder is estimated to benefit from some form of sex therapy?

A) between 10 percent and 30 percent
B) between 30 percent and 50 percent
C) between 50 percent and 70 percent
D) between 70 percent and 90 percent

Question 74

Greg and Diana often begin their sexual activity with Greg putting on a striptease show for Diana.Greg says that he gets aroused by exposing himself,and Diana reports getting aroused when she watches him undress.What would a sex therapist say about Greg and Diana?

A) Neither Greg nor Diana should be diagnosed with a fetish because these behaviours involve consenting individuals.
B) Greg is an exhibitionist, and Diana is a voyeur.
C) Greg is a voyeur, and Diana is an exhibitionist.
D) Both Diana and Greg have nonspecific fetishes because they admit to getting sexually excited by their atypical behaviours.

Question 75

What percentage of men with erectile dysfunction who take Viagra are then able to maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse?

A) between 5 percent and 40 percent
B) between 50 percent and 80 percent
C) between 80 percent and 90 percent
D) between 90 percent and 100 percent

Question 76

Which of the following do research studies on Viagra users indicate?

A) Most users are able to engage in intercourse, but only 32 percent rated the results as "good" or better.
B) Most users were unable to engage in intercourse and were not satisfied with the results.
C) Approximately half of the users are able to engage in intercourse and are highly satisfied with the results.
D) Most users are able to engage in intercourse and are very satisfied with the results.

Question 77

Charles gets very sexually excited by women's shoes.While he used to fantasize about women wearing particular shoes,he now focuses almost exclusively on the shoes themselves.What does Charles have?

A) a sexual arousal disorder
B) a frotteuristic obsession
C) an unusual interest but not a diagnosable disorder
D) a fetish

Question 78

What treatment is found to be most effective in the treatment of female orgasmic disorder?

A) directed imagery and relaxation exercises
B) the regular use of vibrators
C) explicit training in masturbation procedures
D) sensate focus

Question 79

What is a fetish?

A) a sexual desire that dominates the personality
B) a sexual dysfunction
C) a sexual attraction to nonliving objects
D) a sexual attraction to inappropriate individuals

Question 80

Which of the following is a psychological aspect of voyeurism and exhibitionism that seems to maintain the disordered behaviour?

A) some anxiety about getting caught
B) the fact that these individuals are rarely caught
C) the desire to hurt their victims
D) some sense that their victims really enjoy being subjected to their fetish