Deck 11: Reversals and Disasters,1300-1450

Question 1

Because they were targeted as responsible for the plague,many Jews left Europe and went to

A) Constantinople.
B) Poland and Russia.
C) Ireland.
D) Iceland and Norway.
E) America.

Answer 1

Poland and Russia.

Question 2

The wars between the English and French began for which reason(s)?

A) imperial competition.
B) differing forms of Christianity.
C) dynastic challenges.
D) economic rivalry.
E) claims to the lost section of the Holy Roman Empire.

Answer 2

dynastic challenges.

Question 3

The group who whipped themselves to atone for humanity's sins was known as the

A) Order of the Holy Martyrs.
B) Confraternity of Milan.
C) flagellants.
D) Brothers of Suffering.
E) confraternities

Answer 3

flagellants.

Question 4

A common theme depicted in artwork,manuscripts,and statuary at this time was

A) pilgrims and pious individuals praying for relief.
B) morality tales of who would suffer most due to their sins.
C) the impermanence of life.
D) the figure of Death.
E) the inevitability of getting the plague.

Question 5

Why were the effects of the plague so widely felt in the fourteenth century?

A) There had been several centuries of population growth and prosperity.
B) There was almost no resistance to the plague.
C) The standards of hygiene in Europe were terrible.
D) Urbanization saw an increase in population density.
E) All of these were reasons the effects of the plague were widely felt.

Question 6

All of the following contributed to the growth of trade in the fourteenth century except

A) improvements in navigation.
B) surplus agriculture for urban markets.
C) refinements in merchants' contracts.
D) new commercial techniques.
E) improved record keeping.

Question 7

The new type of vessel that helped to facilitate trade in this period was the

A) galley ship.
B) longship.
C) cog.
D) schooner.
E) galleon.

Question 8

As a start to the Hundred Year's War,the French nobles refused to recognize whose claim to Guyenne?

A) Edward III
B) Queen Isabella
C) Charles IV
D) Philip VI
E) Edward the Black

Question 9

Who was the greatest landholder in France?

A) King Louis VII
B) King Henry II
C) Eleanor of Aquitaine.
D) Geoffrey of Anjou
E) The Papacy.

Question 10

What was the most prominent cause for the famine in the early fourteenth century?

A) The Little Ice Age had a dramatic effect on climate and the length of the growing season.
B) The population explosion left little resources for the poor.
C) Plants brought in from trade with the East decimated the crop harvests in western Europe.
D) Massive flooding drowned the crops in the fields of France.
E) Piracy in the Mediterranean cut off food-supply ships.

Question 11

The principle type of naval transportation in the Mediterranean until the eighteenth century was the

A) dhow
B) junk
C) scow
D) trireme
E) galley

Question 12

Who ran one of the most significant centers of trade on the Baltic?

A) Medici family.
B) Dutch crediters.
C) Florentine burghers.
D) Hanseatic League
E) Flanders merchant's guild.

Question 13

The Black Death originated in

A) Asia.
B) Turkey.
C) Russia.
D) Constantinople
E) Italy.

Question 14

Physicians dealing with the plague at this time tried all of the following except

A) blood-letting.
B) astrology.
C) herbal medicine.
D) prayer.
E) isolation.

Question 15

Which of the following is not true about the plague in the fourteenth century?

A) It was carried by fleas.
B) It raised questions of anti-Semitism as causes were sought.
C) Once it went away, it never recurred.
D) It was not restricted by the victim's class.
E) Some people survived the plague.

Question 16

When English kings lost land to France,they looked to which area to make up their losses?

A) Scotland
B) America
C) Spain
D) India
E) Poland

Question 17

The area hardest hit by the plague was

A) Italy.
B) France.
C) Holy Roman Empire.
D) England.
E) Spain.

Question 18

Approximately what percentage of the European population died in the Black Death?

A) 5 to 10 percent
B) 10 to 25 percent
C) 25 to 33 percent
D) 33 to 50 percent
E) More than 50 percent

Question 19

The two major regions for trade were the

A) Baltic and Black Seas.
B) Black and Mediterranean Seas.
C) Baltic and Balkan coasts.
D) Mediterranean and Baltic Seas.
E) Mediterranean and African coasts.

Question 20

Believing that the plague represented punishment for sin brought down by God,many people

A) joined confraternities.
B) dedicated themselves to monasteries.
C) went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
D) rejected the ways of city life and withdrew to hermetic isolation.
E) insisted that only blood sacrifice could appease God.

Question 21

At the end of the Hundred Years' War,

A) Henry V rallied his troops for battle on Saint Crispin's Day and defeated the French once and for all.
B) Joan of Arc led the French troops to victory at Rouen.
C) Edward the Black Prince died and the war ended with no further claim against France.
D) Charles VII made peace with the duchy of Burgundy and left England only holding Calais.
E) the pope interceded and declared a truce at the Treaty of Varennes.

Question 22

All of the following were ways in which the Avignon Papacy raised revenue except

A) selling indulgences.
B) charging for sacramental rites.
C) rendering a decision in ecclesiastic disputes.
D) settling annulments for nobles.
E) waiving people's assignments to Purgatory.

Question 23

The first widespread revolt over taxation was

A) the Flanders rebellion.
B) Wat Tyler's revolt.
C) Ciompi rebellion.
D) the Jacquerie.
E) none of these.

Question 24

One of the reasons that the English supported the war more than the French was

A) a sense of outrage at France's tradition of Salic law.
B) Edward III did not impose taxes to pay for war.
C) the French wanted to cut ties between England and France.
D) the English army was offering land to foot soldiers who served in France.
E) Edward III held public pageants to celebrate victory.

Question 25

What did the chevauchées policies entail during the Hundred Years' War?

A) Using a system of chivalric ranking to accord status to prisoners.
B) Observing agreed-upon codes of conducting warfare.
C) A strategy of "total war" to inflict the most casualties at any cost.
D) The infliction of violence and terror to undermine the other side.
E) Utilizing siege warfare by cavalry units.

Question 26

The Ciompi rebellion was centered on

A) wool carders who were unhappy with exclusion from political life in Florence.
B) guild members afraid to let lower classes into the city council.
C) egalitarian politicos who wanted true democracy and representation in the Florentine government.
D) peasant workers who were denied membership in the weavers' guild.
E) none of these.

Question 27

The system of rule in Florence was called the

A) Signoria
B) Council of Doges.
C) Cartel.
D) Consigliari
E) Strataria

Question 28

The English initially succeeded in the Hundred Years' War with a victory at

A) Crécy.
B) Poitiers.
C) Calais.
D) Agincourt.
E) Rouen.

Question 29

Under the code of chivalry,a common soldier could expect what if he were captured in battle?

A) conscription into the other side's army.
B) imprisonment
C) death
D) being held for ransom.
E) having to wait until a mutual exchange of prisoners of war occurred.

Question 30

All of the following were reasons for the laity's dissatisfaction with the church except

A) the opulence of the papacy.
B) the emphasis on raising money
C) contested claims of higher authority than secular rulers.
D) sought-after positions within the church which generated income.
E) lack of secular participation in selecting a new pope.

Question 31

One of the significant weapons used at the Battle of Crécy by the British was the

A) crossbow.
B) cannon.
C) longbow.
D) javelin.
E) trebuchet

Question 32

During the English peasant revolts,the leaders Wat Tyler and John Ball resorted to all of the following except

A) burning the estates of unpopular nobility.
B) interfering with tax collection.
C) decapitating the archbishop of Canterbury.
D) holding the crown prince for ransom.
E) releasing all prisoners in Newgate Prison.

Question 33

During the Great Schism,a third pope laid claim to power in which city?

A) Paris
B) Bologna
C) Florence
D) Pisa
E) Constantinople

Question 34

The unam sanctum argued that

A) the pope was infallible in his decisions.
B) a pope in power could not be deposed for any reason.
C) the Holy Roman emperor could veto the choice of the college of cardinals for the next pope.
D) the pope had ultimate temporal and spiritual authority.
E) there was only one authority within the church, that decreed by the pope.

Question 35

Peasant revolts in the fourteenth century were often based on their resentment over

A) agricultural quotas.
B) conscription into the king's army.
C) lack of response during the plague.
D) increased taxation to pay for wars.
E) lack of trade opportunities for peasants.

Question 36

The Jacquerie rebellion was thwarted when

A) Marcel took a commission from the dauphin and ended the violence in a peaceful truce.
B) the merchants of Paris united with the army and defeated the Jacquerie peasants.
C) a combined force of peasants and Parisians was defeated at Meaux.
D) the French army used English longbows to wipe them out.
E) a resurgence of the plague interrupted the fighting.

Question 37

The Great Schism occurred when

A) Pope Urban VI moved to Avignon to avoid expulsion from the church because of his corruption.
B) Pope Clement V moved the papacy to Avignon at the behest of King Philip IV.
C) French Catholics were upset that the pope was always Italian.
D) the French pope and the Roman pope excommunicated each other in a showdown for power.
E) Philip IV kidnapped Boniface and he died, and the next pope excluded France from the sacraments.

Question 38

Deliberately inflicted violence and campaigns of terror were called

A) chariavari.
B) chevauchées.
C) chevaliers.
D) trebouchets.
E) chivalry.

Question 39

Positions in the church that provided good incomes were called

A) simony.
B) benefices.
C) tithes.
D) first fruits.
E) just law.

Question 40

The peasant revolts in England were caused by

A) lack of representation in guilds.
B) peasants in the countryside resisting the plundering of soldiers during the Hundred Years' War.
C) peasants and reeves who protested excessive taxation by the government.
D) peasants, merchants, and workers protesting against the rights of the nobility.
E) soldiers protesting conscription into the army.

Question 41

In the thirteenth century,the greatest threat to the Muslims was from the

A) Mongols.
B) Bulgars.
C) Cumans.
D) Byzantines.
E) Pechenegs.

Question 42

Why was the Ottoman Empire considered in a positive sense to be multiethnic?

Question 43

How did the commercial organization of Europe change during the High Middle Ages?

Question 44

One of the most significant people to convince the Pope to move back to Rome from Avignon was

A) King Philip VI of France.
B) Francis of Assisi.
C) Catherine of Siena.
D) deposed pope Alexander V.
E) participants at the Council of Constance.

Question 45

What were the economic effects of the Black Death on western Europe at this time?

Question 46

Discuss the treatment of Jews in Europe in the Middle Ages,and contrast it with the treatment of Jews in the Ottoman Empire.

Question 47

The Byzantine Empire fell in 1453 to the forces of

A) Mehmed, ruler of the Ottomans.
B) Timur, ruler of the Persians.
C) Genghis, ruler of the Mongols.
D) Bayzid, the sultan.
E) the Abbasid caliphate.

Question 48

What role did the laity movements in Christianity play in the political chaos of the late Middle Ages?

Question 49

How did the differences between the French and English armies compare during the Hundred Years' War?

Question 50

What were the origins of the conflict that resulted in the Avignon papacy?

Question 51

The Russian prince Alexander Nevsky ruled from

A) Moscow.
B) Kiev.
C) Crimea.
D) Novgorod.
E) Saint Petersburg.

Question 52

All of the following were established at the Council of Basel except

A) the principle of papal infallibility.
B) canons set limits on the pope's finances.
C) councils reserved the right to hear appeals against papal decisions.
D) all seven sacraments were affirmed.
E) official church doctrine held that the pope stands in relation to councils as the intellect relates to the soul.

Question 53

After 1220,the Mongol Empire was based in

A) Persia.
B) Kiev.
C) China.
D) Baghdad.
E) Constantinople.

Question 54

All of the following argued for more participation of non-official (lay)people in the church except

A) Catherine of Siena
B) Ignatius Loyola
C) Jan Hus
D) John Wycliffe
E) Meister Eckhart

Question 55

Conciliarism argued that the pope

A) was dependent on church councils for authority.
B) derived authority from the concept of papal infallibility.
C) must have the approval of the Council of Constance.
D) could be confirmed only by the college of cardinals.
E) was answerable only to God.

Question 56

What factors made the fourteenth century seem much more precarious than the thirteenth century?

Question 57

Analyze the reasons and outcome of the Hundred Years' War.Why was this war different from previous wars in Europe?

Question 58

Michael VIII Paleologus faced the threat of conquest from which of the following groups?

A) The Ottomans
B) The Slavs
C) The Normans
D) The Mongols
E) The Franks

Question 59

In 1492,Jews known as the Sephardim were expelled from

A) Spain.
B) England.
C) the Ottoman Empire.
D) the Holy Roman Empire.
E) Poland.

Question 60

Compare the causes and effects of the peasant revolts of the fourteenth century.

Question 61

How was the Florentine system of government unusual compared to the rest of Western Europe in the fourteenth century?

Question 62

One outcome of the Hundred Years' War was that at the end,people of France and England regarded the kings as symbols of their countries.

Question 63

Avignon Popes found extra income in selling prepaid forgiveness for sins called indulgences.

Question 64

After 1482,Sephardim Jews were allowed to remain in Spain if they wore badges of identification in public.

Question 65

Jan Hus was a theologian at Oxford and founder of the Lollards.

Question 66

The Hanseatic League was a collection of Italian merchant guilds which controlled trade through Western Europe.

Question 67

Alexander Nevsky led Russia's resistance to the Golden Horde.

Question 68

The English Peasant Revolts led by Wat Tyler were successful in overturning excessive taxation by Richard II.

Question 69

The Great Schism was the division of the Eastern and Western Christian churches in 1054.

Question 70

By the middle of the fifteenth century,sultans had given up marrying and had children exclusively with slaves.

Question 71

Joan of Arc was captured by the English and killed for heresy and witchcraft.

Question 72

Why did the participation of Joan of Arc on the French side of the Hundred Years' War surprise many people?