Deck 16: Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Not all sperm produced by the testes are functional. A sperm with a defective acrosome would

A) not be able to swim
B) produce multiple flagella
C) not survive the acid pH of a vagina
D) not be able to penetrate a egg
E) be able to swim, but would travel in circles, unable to navigate a female reproductive tract

Answer 1

D

Question 2

As sperm are produced, they go through several stages. Which one of the following stages develops directly into mature motile sperm?

A) primary spermatocytes
B) spermatogonia
C) spermatids
D) secondary spermatocytes
E) Sertoli cells

Answer 2

C

Question 3

At the beginning of each ovarian cycle, which one of the following hormones causes the development of a primary oocyte?

A) estrogen
B) LH
C) prolactin
D) progesterone
E) FSH

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding human gametes?

A) produced by the process of mitosis
B) contain the haploid number of chromosomes
C) produced in the testes and oviducts
D) are also known as primary spermatocytes and primary oocytes
E) contain 46 chromosomes

Question 5

External genitalia of the male reproductive system include the

A) ejaculatory duct
B) urethra and scrotum
C) penis and scrotum
D) penis
E) penis, urethra, and ejaculatory duct

Question 6

The seminal vesicles produce which one of the following to serve as the energy source to fuel sperm motility?

A) fat
B) fructose
C) glutamine
D) prostaglandin
E) glucose

Question 7

Which one of the following hormones would be tested for in a home pregnancy test?

A) estrogen
B) hCG
C) progesterone
D) LH
E) FSH

Question 8

A fertilized egg must embed in which one of the following organs for pregnancy to occur?

A) vagina
B) uterus
C) ovaries
D) myometrium
E) oviduct

Question 9

Nourishment is provided to a primary oocyte via which one of the following?

A) the endometrium layer in the uterus
B) the afferent capillaries
C) the zona pellucida
D) the cervical plug
E) a layer of granulosa cells

Question 10

The production and secretion of testosterone depends on the secretion of three other hormones; GnRH is secreted by the ________, and FSH and LH are secreted by the ________.

A) hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland
B) testes, scrotum
C) posterior pituitary gland, anterior pituitary gland
D) seminal vesicle, prostate gland
E) posterior pituitary gland, hypothalamus

Question 11

If pregnancy does occur, a layer of tissue from the embryo called the chorion begins to secrete which one of the following hormones?

A) GnRH
B) estrogen
C) FSH
D) hCG
E) LH

Question 12

The opening of the uterus is referred to as the

A) endometrium
B) oviduct
C) cervix
D) fimbriae
E) clitoris

Question 13

Use the figure below to answer the following question.

Which one of the following stages in the figure above occurs due to a surge of LH midway through the ovarian cycle?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

The release of LH in human males signals that

A) inhibin has inhibited FHS secretion
B) the hypothalamus has been stimulated to release inhibin
C) sperm production must be reduced
D) the positive feedback loop that regulates sperm production is active
E) blood levels of testosterone are low

Question 15

Use the figure below to answer the following question.

Which one of the following structures degenerates if a fertilized egg does not embed in the uterus?

A) ovary
B) oviduct
C) zona pellucida
D) corpus luteum
E) secondary oocyte

Question 16

When the oocyte is released from the ovary, it is transported to the uterus through the

A) fimbriae
B) flagella
C) oviduct
D) ductus deferens
E) endometrium

Question 17

Prior to the onset of lactation, the mammary glands are prepared for the production of milk by

A) the hormonal action of estrogen and progesterone
B) the completion of ovulation
C) degeneration of the corpus luteum
D) deactivation of FSH, LH, and GnRH
E) synthesis of FSH

Question 18

The influence of testosterone on undifferentiated spermatogonia and Sertoli cells results in the hormone dictating

A) mitosis in immature sperm
B) rate of sperm production
C) when and how much LH and FSH are released
D) the production of ADH
E) the occurrence of ovulation

Question 19

Synthesis of new sperm cells occurs in the

A) ductus deferens
B) urethra
C) prostate gland
D) epididymis
E) seminiferous tubules

Question 20

The ultimate goal of the male reproductive system is to

A) ensure that sperm is produced at the correct time, coinciding with ovulation
B) deliver sperm into the female's reproductive system
C) produce testosterone to influence gender development
D) produce large numbers of sperm
E) maintain the homeostatic condition of the male's body

Question 21

You are a reproductive physiologist designing an at-home kit that can be used to help predict when ovulation occurs. Which one of the following could be detected that would indicate the time of ovulation?

A) surge in GnRH from the hypothalamus
B) surge in FSH from the anterior pituitary gland
C) surge in estrogen from the ovary
D) surge in LH from the anterior pituitary gland
E) surge in oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland

Question 22

Which one of the following sexually transmitted diseases is characterized by a primary phase that affects the genitals, and secondary and tertiary phases that spread throughout the body?

A) chlamydia
B) genital warts
C) hepatitis B
D) syphilis
E) gonorrhea

Question 23

Female sexual arousal causes the vagina and area around the labia to

A) constrict
B) secrete lubricants for penis insertion
C) release hormones to intensify intercourse
D) inhibit the plateau phase of the sexual response
E) stimulate ovulation

Question 24

Which one of the following forms of contraception is the most effective in preventing pregnancy?

A) condom
B) rhythm method
C) diaphragm
D) tubal ligation
E) cervical cap

Question 25

During ejaculation, smooth muscle in the ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles, epididymis, prostate, and bulbourethral glands are stimulated by

A) prostaglandins
B) ejaculatory-stimulation hormone
C) sympathetic nerves
D) parasympathetic nerves
E) LH and FSH

Question 26

Which one of the following methods of enhancing fertility involves the placement of sperm and unfertilized eggs into the oviduct?

A) artificial insemination
B) in vitro fertilization
C) gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
D) hysteroscopy
E) zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

Question 27

Which one of the following sexually transmitted diseases is caused by bacteria?

A) chlamydia
B) genital herpes
C) hepatitis B
D) genital warts
E) trichomoniasis

Question 28

Which one of the following forms of birth control reduces the risk of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases?

A) IUD
B) hysteroscopy
C) cervical cap
D) condom
E) birth control pill

Question 29

During male ejaculation, the internal urethral sphincter closes tightly to

A) prevent urine from leaking into the urethra
B) isolate the ureters from the urinary bladder
C) block movement of mucus from the bulbourethral gland into the ejaculatory duct
D) keep sperm from moving into the ductus deferens
E) allow seminal vesicle to transfer sperm to the epididymis

Question 30

Ovulation occurs

A) during the middle of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle
B) at dawn on each day following FHS and LH release by the pituitary gland
C) during the secretory stage of the menstrual cycle
D) at the beginning of menses
E) during the formation of the corpus luteum

Question 31

Following ovulation, rising levels of estrogen

A) stimulate the endometrium to continue to proliferate
B) inhibit the production of progesterone
C) initiate a hormone cascade that triggers LH to rise, then FSH, followed by a sharp decline in GnRH
D) promote the release of the "old" endometrium
E) prevent implantation of the zygote

Question 32

At which one of the following days in the 28-day cycle is a woman MOST likely to get pregnant?

A) 1 (start of the menses)
B) 7
C) 14
D) 21
E) 28

Question 33

Which one of the following sexually transmitted diseases can be cured by the use of antibiotics?

A) genital herpes
B) AIDS
C) pubic lice
D) gonorrhea
E) hepatitis B

Question 34

Which one of the following sexually transmitted diseases is currently the most prevalent in the United States?

A) gonorrhea
B) syphilis
C) AIDS
D) genital warts
E) chlamydia

Question 35

Shortly before the midpoint of the menstrual cycle, estrogen from the mature follicle triggers a surge in LH, which stimulates which one of the following events?

A) cervix dilation
B) uterus contractions
C) inhibition of FSH release
D) downward movement of fimbriae
E) ovulation

Question 36

Mature sperm function best

A) at temperatures slightly warmer than body temperature
B) at temperatures slightly cooler than body temperature
C) when high concentrations of glucose are available as an energy source
D) when the pH of semen is below 6.0
E) when the pH of semen is above 8.2

Question 37

Which one of the following viruses is associated with cervical cancer?

A) Treponema pallidum
B) Human papilloma virus
C) Herpes simplex virus
D) Chlamydia trachomatis
E) Hepatitis B

Question 38

If fertilization does not occur following release of the egg by the ovary, then which one of the following degenerates approximately two weeks after ovulation?

A) primary oocyte
B) oviduct
C) endometrium layer
D) corpus luteum
E) choices A through D are correct

Question 39

In which one of the following locations does fertilization usually occur?

A) oviduct
B) ovary
C) uterus
D) cervix
E) vagina

Question 40

The human papilloma virus (HPV) causes

A) gonorrhea
B) vaginal yeast infections
C) genital herpes
D) syphilis
E) genital warts

Question 41

Mifeprex is a pill that can essentially cause an early abortion.

Question 42

Secretions from the bulbourethral gland lubricate and cleanse the urethra of urine residue prior to the entry of sperm.

Question 43

The menstrual cycle actually consists of two cycles that are interconnected: the ovarian cycle and the uterine cycle.

Question 44

The symptoms of genital herpes can be treated, but there is no cure.

Question 45

The lining of the uterus is termed the myometrium.

Question 46

LH is released by the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate Sertoli cells to produce sperm.

Question 47

Untreated gonorrhea or untreated Chlamydia infections may result in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Question 48

Trichomoniasis is a bacterial infection that is sexually transmitted; chronic infection often results in blindness, damage to the nervous system, and eventually death.

Question 49

Using the figure above, match each organ (A-F) to its description.
gland that secretes an alkaline fluid as part of the semen

Question 50

Using the figure above, match each organ (A-F) to its description.
site of testosterone production

Question 51

The noncellular coating around the oocyte is called the zona pellucida.

Question 52

Endometrial tissue sometimes migrates out of the uterus and attaches to other abdominal organs.

Question 53

Due to the short life span of a sperm cell, fertilization usually occurs in the oviduct.

Question 54

Testosterone controls the rate of sperm production.

Question 55

Using the figure above, match each organ (A-F) to its description.
produces energy source used by sperm inside of a female's reproductive system

Question 56

Eggs are moved through the oviduct by movements of flagella.

Question 57

Using the figure above, match each organ (A-F) to its description.
site that receives sperm from seminiferous tubules; sperm develop the ability to swim here

Question 58

Males are considered infertile if they do not produce sufficient numbers of normal, healthy sperm.

Question 59

Since the chance of any one particular sperm fertilizing an egg is very low, large numbers of sperm are produced by the male reproductive system.

Question 60

If pregnancy occurs, a layer of tissue associated with the embryo secretes the hormone ________, which maintains the activity of the corpus luteum in the ovaries of the mother.

Question 61

Using the figure above, identify the organs of the female reproductive system.
The cervix is indicated by letter ________.

Question 62

FSH in males targets ________ cells, although the function of the hormone is not fully understood.

Question 63

The regular pattern by which oocytes grow, mature, and are released from the ovary is known as the ________ cycle.

Question 64

The head of a sperm is covered by the ________, which contains enzymes that help penetrate the layers of cells surrounding the egg.

Question 65

Using the figure above, identify the organs of the female reproductive system.
The vagina is indicated by letter ________.

Question 66

A common tissue between the fetus and the endometrium that provides nourishment to the developing fetus is the ________.

Question 67

Sperm and egg cells contain half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells, and are referred to as ________.

Question 68

Using the figure above, match each organ (A-F) to its description.
accessory gland that secretes mucus into the urethra during sexual arousal

Question 69

Ovulation occurs during the ________ stage of the menstrual cycle.

Question 70

Following their production in the testis, immature sperm cells are transferred to the ________.

Question 71

In humans, fertilization usually occurs in the ________.

Question 72

Using the figure above, identify the organs of the female reproductive system.
The ovary is indicated by letter ________.

Question 73

The muscular layer of the uterus that provides the force necessary to expel the baby during birth is called the ________.

Question 74

Since the pH of the female vagina is not suitable for the survival of sperm, secretions from the ________ gland of the male are a necessary component of semen to raise the pH.

Question 75

Using the figure above, identify the organs of the female reproductive system.
The oviduct is indicated by letter ________.

Question 76

Using the figure above, identify the organs of the female reproductive system.
The uterus is indicated by letter ________.

Question 77

The vagina meets the uterus at the ________.

Question 78

Using the figure above, match each organ (A-F) to its description.
structure that transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct; sperm are stored here until ejaculation

Question 79

As a primary oocyte develops within a follicle of the ovary, it is nourished by ________ cells.

Question 80

During ejaculation, millions of sperm are deposited into the female's vagina. Despite the extraordinary number of cells transferred from male to female, the chances of fertilization are very low. Explain why.