Deck 6: Challenges to Effective Policing

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the purposes of patrol?

A) The deterrence of crime by maintaining a visible police presence.
B) The maintenance of public order and a sense of security in the community.
C) The twenty-four-hour provision of services that are not crime related.
D) The prevention of crime by punishing offenders.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Arrests that come about as part of the ordinary routine of police patrol and responses to calls for service are called:

A) proactive arrests
B) reactive arrests
C) community policing
D) citizen's arrests

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Criminal investigations that are not cleared after a certain amount of time are called:

A) old cases
B) cold cases
C) closed cases
D) cleared cases

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In most states, the use of nondeadly force is regulated by the concept of __________ which allows the use of nondeadly force when a person would assume that such force was necessary.

A) negligence
B) deadly force
C) use of force
D) reasonable force

Question 5

According to the San Diego Police Department's use of force matrix, if a suspect's behavior is one of passive resistance, the officer may do which of the following?

A) use of firearms and hard impact with weapons
B) hard impact with weapons such as nightsticks and flashlights and personal body weapons such as head, hands, elbows, knees, and feet
C) tasers, neck restraints, takedown techniques, chemical agents such as pepper spray, and K-9
D) light pushes or jabs with impact weapons such as nightsticks and flashlights, control holds with or without light impact weapons, and body strength

Question 6

Officers authorized to make arrests and use force are called:

A) crime scene investigators
B) coroners
C) sworn officers
D) forensic technicians

Question 7

The policing philosophy that requires police to identify potential criminal activity and develop strategies to prevent or respond to that activity is called:

A) community policing
B) indirect patrol
C) problem-oriented policing
D) incident-driven policing

Question 8

Why is DNA fingerprinting so useful in criminal investigations?

A) because no two people, other than identical twins, have the same DNA
B) because detectives can find useable DNA at every crime scene
C) because DNA can always be obtained without a warrant
D) because DNA evidence is always conclusive

Question 9

In the Phoenix study regarding use of force, the best predictor of police use of force was which of the following?

A) suspect's use of force
B) suspect's attitude toward the officer
C) citizen's involvement
D) seriousness of the offense

Question 10

The largest and most important nationwide DNA database that is operated by the FBI is called:

A) AFIS
B) CODIS
C) NCIS
D) NIBRS

Question 11

The Tennessee v. Garner case addressed which of the following use of force issues?

A) unlawful holding during search and seizure
B) fleeing felon rule
C) probable cause
D) reasonable suspicion

Question 12

According to Gay, Schell, and Schack, officers tend to spend how much of their time on patrol responding to calls for service?

A) one-quarter
B) half
C) three-quarters
D) all

Question 13

Which of the following defines what police call a "cold hit"?

A) when law enforcement finds a suspect "out of nowhere" by comparing DNA evidence from a crime scene against the contents of a database
B) when a criminal investigation that has not been solved after a certain amount of time
C) when a police officer abruptly hits a suspect in an unreasonable show of force
D) when a police officer gets into an accident in their patrol car

Question 14

Which of the following may be determined through the use of ballistics?

A) the DNA of the individual who committed the crime
B) the age, sex, and race of an offender
C) the shoe size of the offender
D) how far a shooter was from his target

Question 15

The first modern police force was developed in _________ in 1829.

A) London
B) New York City
C) Chicago
D) Paris

Question 16

Most police departments usually require AT LEAST which of the following in regards to education?

A) completion of middle school
B) completion of high school
C) completion of an undergraduate degree
D) completion of a postgraduate degree

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT considered to be forensic evidence?

A) fingerprints
B) ballistics
C) DNA
D) motive

Question 18

Which of the following type of crime tends to have the lowest clearance rates by law enforcement?
A ) violent crimes
B) sexually based crimes
C) property crimes
D) juvenile crimes

Question 19

Which of the following is a person who is involved in criminal activity and gives
Information about that activity and those who engage in it to the police?

A) confidential informant
B) undercover officer
C) narc
D) hot spotter

Question 20

Concentrated areas of high criminal activity that draw a directed police response are called:

A) hot spots
B) directed patrol
C) cold hits
D) cold cases

Question 21

Which of the following elements of ethics addresses the issue that the law provides rigid guidelines for how police officers must act and how they cannot act, but it does not offer guidelines for how officers should act in many circumstances?

A) duty
B) honesty
C) discretion
D) loyalty

Question 22

The purposes of police patrols are to prevent and deter crime and also to provide social services.

Question 23

Which of the following is one of the definitions of an ethical dilemma according to Pollock and Becker?

A) Officers know the right course of action.
B) Officers have difficulty doing what they consider to be right.
C) Officers find the ambivalent choice very tempting.
D) Officers have not received extensive training in ethics.

Question 24

According to the U.S. Supreme Court, police officers may use deadly force if they have probable cause to believe that the fleeing suspect poses a threat of serious injury or death to the officers or others.

Question 25

When a police officer accepts money or other forms of payment in exchange for "favors"
It is known as:

A) use of force
B) bribery
C) discretion
D) information gathering

Question 26

According to the San Diego Police Department's use of force matrix, if a suspect's behavior is one of active resistance, the officer may do which of the following?

A) use of firearms and hard impact with weapons
B) hard impact with weapons such as nightsticks and flashlights and personal body weapons such as head, hands, elbows, knees, and feet
C) use of tasers, neck restraints, takedown techniques, chemical agents such as pepper spray, and K-9
D) use of light pushes or jabs with impact weapons such as nightsticks and flashlights, control holds with or without light impact weapons, and body strength

Question 27

One of the most important pieces of trace evidence is ballistics.

Question 28

The application of science to establish facts and evidence during the investigation of crimes is called __________.

Question 29

__________ is the segment of a police recruit's training in which he or she is removed from the classroom and placed on the beat, under the supervision of a senior officer.

Question 30

The period of time when a police officer may be fired without cause is called field training.

Question 31

_______________ is technology that allows crime analysts to identify trends and patterns of criminal behavior within any given area.

Question 32

Deadly force is the degree of force that is appropriate to protect the police officer or other citizens and is not excessive.

Question 33

The vast majority of patrol shifts are completed without a single arrest.

Question 34

Police corruption is considered the abuse of authority by a law enforcement officer for personal gain.

Question 35

The primary police investigator of crimes is called a __________.

Question 36

Most police departments require that you be a U.S. citizen in order to become a police officer.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT one of the questions Miller and Hess would have police officers ask themselves when they are faced with an ethical dilemma?

A) Is it legal?
B) Is it fair?
C) What would my partner do?
D) How does it make me feel about myself?

Question 38

A cold hit is the establishment of a connection between a suspect and a crime in the absence of an ongoing criminal investigation

Question 39

The most serious police corruption occurs when police take bribes.

Question 40

The __________ is a comparison of the number of crimes cleared by some sort of dissolution of a case that may result in arrest and prosecution with the number of crimes reported during any given time period

Question 41

Explain the difference between general and directed patrol and give a real world example of each. How do these types of patrolassist police officers in the successful completion of their duties?

Question 42

Explain the four categories of ethical dilemmas typically facing a police officer and give a real world example of each.

Question 43

The rules or standards of behavior governing a profession; aimed at ensuring the fairness and rightness of actions are called __________.

Question 44

__________ is evidence such as a fingerprint, blood, or hair found in small amounts at a crime scene.

Question 45

Explain the differences between the police academy and field training and why it is important for officers to have both types of training.

Question 46

__________ is the moral sense of a police officer that she or he should apply authority in a certain manner.

Question 47

__________ arrests are arrests that occur because of concerted efforts by law
enforcement agencies to respond to a particular type of criminal or criminal behavior.

Question 48

Describe how forensic experts use ballistics to solve crimes.

Question 49

Explain how ethical breaches committed by police officers undermine public confidence
in law enforcement?

Question 50

The metaphorical term used to refer to the value placed on secrecy and the general-mistrust of the outside world shared by many police officers is called the __________.