Deck 13: An Introduction to Genetic Technology

Question 1

Finding a specific clone in a library does NOT require

A) probes.
B) restriction enzymes.
C) radioactive or fluorescent compounds.
D) nutrient plates.
E) DNA binding filters.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In gel electrophoresis, what causes the DNA fragments to migrate?

A) Gravity
B) Vibrations
C) Electrical charge
D) Magnetic attraction
E) Centrifugal force

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In recombinant DNA techniques, primers and DNA fragments are linked together by _________.

A) restriction enzymes
B) DNA ligase
C) DNA polymerase
D) DNA replicase
E) reverse transcriptase

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the DNA sequencing procedure, each of the four nucleotides is distinguished from the others by

A) its molecular size.
B) its position on a gel.
C) its chemical properties.
D) the color of a fluorescent dye attached to it.
E) how much of it is present.

Question 5

Compared to the average cow's milk production, how many times greater was Blackrose II's milk production?

A) 2 times
B) 3 times
C) 4 times
D) 5 times
E) 10 times

Question 6

The polymerase chain reaction

A) can provide sufficient DNA for analysis from a small sample of biological material at the scene of a crime.
B) uses a restriction enzyme.
C) requires a heat-resistant polymerase.
D) can provide sufficient DNA for analysis from a small sample of biological material at the scene of a crime and requires a heat-resistant polymerase.
E) uses a restriction enzyme and can provide sufficient DNA for analysis from a small sample of biological material at the scene of a crime.

Question 7

Southern blotting is a technique for analyzing DNA.

Question 8

A restriction enzyme is most comparable to a ___________.

A) screwdriver
B) hammer
C) pair of scissors
D) fork
E) ruler

Question 9

Plasmids are short sequences of DNA used as primers in PCR.

Question 10

The main advantage of YAC (yeast artificial chromosome) over other vectors in cloning human genes is that

A) it is taken up more readily by recipient cells.
B) it is larger.
C) it is less likely to trigger rejection.
D) it is made of human DNA.
E) it has unique restriction sites.

Question 11

Cloning by embryo splitting

A) uses an unfertilized egg as the starting point.
B) does not require the use of a host uterus.
C) cannot be used for cloning human embryos.
D) is characterized by all of these.
E) is characterized by none of these

Question 12

For what purpose do bacteria use restriction enzymes?

A) They are used in plasmid exchanges to fuse plasmid DNA.
B) They are used to restrict important nutrients from leaving the bacterial cell.
C) They are used to resist infections by viruses.
D) They are used to cut up and recycle mRNA transcripts.
E) They are used to attach amino acids to tRNA molecules.

Question 13

The ends of DNA molecules cut by restriction enzymes are "sticky" because

A) the enzymes coat them with protective, complex polysaccharides.
B) unless a second enzyme is added, the fragments stick to the restriction enzymes.
C) they are single-stranded.
D) the enzymes cut each strand of the DNA at different places.
E) they are single-stranded and the enzymes cut each strand of the DNA at different places.

Question 14

Plasmids are self-replicating single stranded fragments of eukaryotic DNA.

Question 15

Nuclear transfer is a preferred method of cloning over embryo splitting because it ________.

A) is less technical
B) is more natural
C) results in more clones
D) is possible to produce male and female offspring from the same clone
E) uses haploid nuclei, which are easier to obtain

Question 16

A genetic library contains all the DNA fragments of

A) the entire genome of a species.
B) a specific chromosome of a species.
C) all the genes expressed in a certain cell type.
D) any of these.
E) none of these.

Question 17

Restriction enzymes

A) cut only single-stranded DNA molecules.
B) can cut randomly along a double-stranded DNA molecule.
C) cut DNA molecules at specific sites.
D) cut only single-stranded RNA molecules.
E) function in DNA replication.

Question 18

Vectors used in recombinant DNA technology

A) are self-replicating forms of DNA carriers.
B) are always circular DNA molecules.
C) deliver DNA to cells for replication.
D) are self-replicating forms of DNA carriers and deliver DNA to cells for replication.
E) are always circular DNA molecules and deliver DNA to cells for replication.

Question 19

Embryo splitting

A) mimics the way identical twins and triplets are produced naturally.
B) is a means of cloning animal embryos.
C) requires in vitro fertilization.
D) is a technology that could improve the production of domestic animals.
E) is characterized by all of these traits.

Question 20

In the PCR technique, what bonds are broken when DNA is heated?

A) Hydrogen
B) Covalent
C) Ionic
D) Hydrogen and covalent
E) Hydrogen, covalent, and ionic

Question 21

Restriction enzymes recognize and cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.

Question 22

Heat is required for the polymerase chain reaction.

Question 23

DNA fragments can be separated by size on a gel, but then must be transferred to filters for probing and further analysis. The technique used to transfer DNA to the filters is called ____________________.

Question 24

To find a specific DNA sequence in a genomic library, researchers employ single-stranded RNA or DNA molecules called _________.

Question 25

The number of copies of a DNA sequence produced by the polymerase chain reaction depends on the number of cycles of the reaction.

Question 26

____________________ are short nucleotide sequences used to begin replication in PCR, and to which the polymerase adds nucleotides.

Question 27

Recombinant vectors are often propagated in bacterial cells.

Question 28

In DNA sequencing, the different sized fragments created are separated from each other by ____________________.

Question 29

DNA polymerase is used in the polymerase chain reaction.

Question 30

A fragment cut out of DNA and a plasmid cut open for insertion of the fragment must both have been cut with the same type of restriction enzyme.

Question 31

In genomic libraries, DNA fragments are stored in ______________ chromosomes.

Question 32

In DNA recombinant technology, the enzyme that acts like glue is ______________.

Question 33

The vectors most commonly used in recombinant DNA technology are ____________.

Question 34

The cloning technique that employs in vitro fertilization is ____________.

Question 35

Adult cells cannot be used as the source of nuclei for cloning animals.

Question 36

Embryo splitting is done when the embryo contains ____________________ to ____________________ cells.

Question 37

A method for amplifying DNA segments using DNA polymerase is ____________.

Question 38

In recombinant DNA technology, _________ are used to cut DNA at specific sites.

Question 39

In Southern blotting, DNA fragments on filters must be ____________________ so that probes can bond with them.

Question 40

Linked DNA segments from humans and vectors, such as plasmids, are called ____________________ molecules.

Question 41

Explain how DNA microarrays are used to analyze genomes. What are three applications of this technique?

Question 42

What are the benefits of cloning animals?

Question 43

Explain the technologies used in cloning domestic animals.

Question 44

Recall that human and other eukaryotic genes usually contain introns (untranslated segments), whereas bacterial (prokaryotic) genes do not. What problem does this create if we wish to transfer a human gene into a bacterium for production of a useful protein product?

Question 45

Explain what restriction enzymes do to a strand of DNA and how they are used in recombinant DNA experiments.