Deck 10: Sexual And Gender Identity Disorders

Question 1

The largest difference in sexual behavior for men versus women is that

A) men are more likely to engage in premarital sex.
B) women are more likely to engage in premarital sex.
C) men are more likely to masturbate.
D) women are more likely to masturbate.

Answer 1

men are more likely to masturbate.

Question 2

Gender identity disorder is diagnosed when

A) a person's physical gender is inconsistent with the person's gender identity.
B) an individual receives sexual pleasure from cross-dressing.
C) an individual is born with ambiguous genitalia.
D) All of these are correct

Answer 2

a person's physical gender is inconsistent with the person's gender identity.

Question 3

In Sweden,where attitudes toward sexuality are somewhat more permissive than they are in the United States,the percentage of Swedish women reporting use of contraception during their first sexual intercourse was

A) significantly higher than it was for American women.
B) significantly lower than it was for American women.
C) approximately the same as it was for American women.
D) just about 100%.

Answer 3

significantly higher than it was for American women.

Question 4

According to recent surveys (Diokno et al.,1990),the following statement is true regarding sexual activity of the elderly:

A) very few individuals remain sexually active beyond age 70.
B) more than half of the individuals over age 70 remain sexually active.
C) 80% of males and 50% of women aged 75-79 remained sexually active
D) 50% of males and 36% of women aged 75-79 remained sexually active.

Question 5

Of the following,the individual who should be diagnosed with gender identity disorder is

A) Joe, who gets sexually aroused by wearing women's bras.
B) Lisa, who is gay and has many traditional masculine traits.
C) Mark, who feels like a woman trapped in a man's body.
D) Sid, who can only become sexually aroused while dressed like a woman.

Question 6

Recent studies on sexual practice indicate that sexual practices are

A) consistent all over the world.
B) very different in Western and Asian countries.
C) inconsistent no matter where they are measured.
D) culturally diverse.

Question 7

Gender differences in attitudes toward premarital sex have been _____ over time.

A) shrinking
B) increasing
C) fluctuating
D) unreliable

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding sexuality?

A) Women desire demonstrations of love and intimacy during sex, while men focus on arousal.
B) Men and women focus mostly on sexual arousal during sex.
C) Men tend to be aroused by both males and female sexual stimuli, while women respond only to male sexual stimuli.
D) Men and women focus equally on the romantic aspects of their sexual experiences.

Question 9

Data from research studies on gender differences in human sexuality (Peplau,2003)reflect all of the following themes EXCEPT

A) men show more sexual desire and arousal than women.
B) men emphasize committed relationships more than women.
C) men's self-concept is characterized in part by power, aggression, and independence.
D) women's sexual beliefs are more influenced by cultural, social, and situational factors.

Question 10

Research regarding sexual orientation suggests that homosexuality is

A) purely genetic.
B) completely caused by biological factors.
C) based on learning and choice only.
D) influenced by biological/genetic, psychological, and social factors.

Question 11

Sexual behavior surveys suggest that

A) almost all men have more than 20 sexual partners.
B) most men have very little sexual experience.
C) about 23% of men have had more than 20 sexual partners.
D) about 11% of men have had more than 20 sexual partners.

Question 12

Recent research on the causes of sexual orientation indicates that

A) there is a single genetic cause for the development of one's orientation.
B) there is a single psychological cause for development of one's orientation.
C) there are many pathways to the development of sexual orientation.
D) people develop sexual orientation randomly.

Question 13

Of those identical (monozygotic)twins where one twin is homosexual,the other twin is also homosexual in 50% of cases.This means

A) homosexuality is determined by genetics.
B) genes are only one influence for sexual orientation.
C) the environment determines sexual orientation.
D) genes are not an influence for sexual orientation.

Question 14

Gender identity disorders are characterized by dissatisfaction with

A) sexual experiences.
B) gender role expectations.
C) one's biological sex.
D) media portrayals of gender.

Question 15

Joe is homosexual and has an identical (monozgyotic)twin named Sam.The following statement is TRUE:

A) Sam is more likely than the general population to be homosexual.
B) Sam is no more likely than the general population to be homosexual.
C) Sam is homosexual also.
D) Sam is only likely to become homosexual if Joe is a positive role model.

Question 16

Which of the following does NOT support the fact that homosexuality is related to differential hormone exposure in utero?

A) Homosexual males are more likely to be left handed or mixed handed than right handed.
B) Males and masculine lesbians often have a longer fourth ring finger than index finger.
C) Homosexual males have smaller feet than heterosexual males.
D) Actual structure of the brain might be different in homosexuals than heterosexuals.

Question 17

Differences in male and female attitudes toward sexuality have generally ___________ over the past 40 years.

A) decreased
B) increased
C) remained the same
D) disappeared completely

Question 18

Statistically,homosexual males are more likely to have grown up with

A) older brothers.
B) older sisters.
C) younger brothers.
D) younger sisters.

Question 19

Among men surveyed for a CDC study,_________were sexually experienced.

A) almost 100%
B) just over 40%
C) approximately 75%
D) about 12%

Question 20

Data from research studies on gender differences in human sexuality reflect all of the following themes EXCEPT

A) men masturbate more than women.
B) men are more permissive about casual premarital sex than women.
C) men are less accepting about homosexuality than women.
D) men and women value sexual satisfaction equally.

Question 21

Just the thought of sex makes Harry anxious.When exposed to sexual images,he reports feeling disgust.Harry would most likely be diagnosed with _______________________.

A) hypoactive sexual desire disorder
B) hyperactive sexual desire disorder
C) sexual aversion disorder
D) gender identity disorder

Question 22

Of the following,the individual most likely to receive an appropriate diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder is

A) Sue, who fantasizes about sex often, but is so exhausted when she gets home that she only has sex about twice a month.
B) John, who thinks about sex, but does not have sexual relations because he thinks it is morally wrong to do so unless the goal is procreation.
C) Mary, whose husband wishes she thought about sex more often because she seems satisfied having sex a few times a month.
D) Fred, who has sex at least once a week to satisfy his wife, but would prefer to be left alone since he is rarely interested in sex.

Question 23

Sexual dysfunction can be a(n)_______________ condition.

A) lifelong
B) acquired
C) situational
D) all of the above

Question 24

Sexual problems are difficult to diagnose when

A) dysfunction is present and the person is distressed about it.
B) dysfunction is present but the person is not distressed about it.
C) the couple has been together a long time.
D) the couple is sexually inexperienced.

Question 25

The incidence of gender identity disorder

A) is higher than that of transvestism.
B) occurs three times more frequently in males than females.
C) is based on studies in Norway, United Sates, and England.
D) is moderate, with about 5% or more of the population affected.

Question 26

Research suggests that gender nonconformity typically results in _____________.

A) gender identity issues
B) homosexual preferences
C) bisexuality
D) none of the above

Question 27

A person who reports low sexual disorder might

A) never think about sex.
B) never have sex.
C) have sex, but not because of desire.
D) all of the above

Question 28

Studies suggest that in comparison to other girls and boys,girls with congential adrenal hyperplasia are _____________.

A) more feminine
B) more masculine
C) smaller
D) smarter

Question 29

Sexual dysfunctions are

A) more common in heterosexuals than homosexuals.
B) more common in homosexuals than heterosexuals.
C) equally common in heterosexuals and homosexuals.
D) generally not reported, so little is known about their incidence.

Question 30

All of the following statements about sex reassignment surgery are true EXCEPT

A) 2% attempt suicide after surgery.
B) 15% later regret surgery.
C) female-to-male conversions adjust better than male-to-female conversions.
D) all of the above are true

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT one of the three stages of sexual response?

A) Desire
B) Arousal
C) Orgasm
D) Refractory period

Question 32

A boy who consistently behaves in feminine ways is exhibiting

A) gender non-activation.
B) gender experimentation.
C) gender crises.
D) gender nonconformity.

Question 33

Approximately 25% of the patients with sexual aversion disorder also suffer from associated _____________.

A) panic disorder
B) paraphilias
C) hypoactive sexual desire disorder
D) gender identity disorder

Question 34

Intersexuality refers to people who

A) are born with the physical characteristics of both sexes.
B) are sexually attracted to members of both sexes.
C) like to dress like the opposite sex.
D) are no longer sexually active.

Question 35

According to research on gender identity disorder,

A) a biological predisposition contributes approximately 60-70% to the cause.
B) environment and genetics contribute equally to the cause.
C) it cannot be determined, as yet, regarding the extent of the genetic and environmental contributions to the cause.
D) None of the above

Question 36

Which of the following statements is TRUE about hypoactive sexual desire disorder?

A) More than 65% of the problems who come to sexuality clinics for help complain of this disorder.
B) It is the most common presenting complaint of both men and women.
C) For women, the prevalence of this disorder decreases with age.
D) For men, the prevalence of this disorder decreases with age.

Question 37

Happily married couples typically report

A) occasional sexual dysfunction that does not result in sexual dissatisfaction.
B) occasional sex dysfunction that is associated with sexual dissatisfaction.
C) very little sexual dysfunction.
D) sexual dysfunction on the part of women but not men.

Question 38

The new approaches to understanding and treating intersexed individuals that have been proposed recently (Fausto-Sterling,2000)are based on the concept of "five sexes," which include all of the following EXCEPT _______________.

A) "herms"
B) "merms" and "ferms"
C) males and females
D) "andros" and "estros"

Question 39

All of the following are factors that may play a role in gender nonconformity EXCEPT

A) excessive attention on the part of the mother.
B) high levels of fetal testosterone.
C) lack of male playmates.
D) excessive physical contact on the part of the mother.

Question 40

Recent twin studies suggest that the majority of the vulnerability for gender identity disorder comes from

A) genetic factors.
B) environmental factors.
C) medical accidents.
D) media exposure.

Question 41

Sandra and Jim have been happily married for several years.Sandra reports that she reaches orgasm from intercourse only about half of the time and wonders if something is "wrong" with her.Sandra should

A) seek treatment for inhibited orgasm disorder.
B) realize that her inhibited orgasm problem means that she doesn't really love Jim.
C) relax and realize that this is not unusual for women.
D) have a medical exam before assuming that she has a diagnosable psychological disorder.

Question 42

The most common of all the male sexual dysfunctions is ____________________.

A) erectile dysfunction
B) inhibited orgasm
C) premature ejaculation
D) sexual aversion

Question 43

The prevalence of sexual arousal disorders is

A) much higher for men than it is for women.
B) much lower for men than it is for women.
C) about the same in both sexes.
D) slightly lower for men than it is for women.

Question 44

Vaginismus refers to

A) painful pelvic spasms during penetration.
B) painful cramps during the menstrual cycle.
C) strong orgasms.
D) a disorder of male sexual responsivity.

Question 45

Jody and Howard have been happily married for several years.Howard reports that in spite of being sexually aroused and having an erection,he only reaches orgasm from intercourse about half of the time.Howard wonders if something is "wrong" with him.Howard should

A) seek treatment for inhibited orgasm disorder.
B) realize that this problem means that he does not really love his wife.
C) relax and realize that this is normal.
D) seek treatment for sexual aversion disorder.

Question 46

Based on stringent criteria,research data indicate that the percentage of men between the ages of 18 and 59 with erectile dysfunction is ____________.

A) 1%
B) 3%
C) 5%
D) 10%

Question 47

Before diagnosing a sexual pain disorder,it is necessary to rule out

A) relationship issues that could be the cause of the dysfunction.
B) other sexual dysfunction such as sexual aversion disorder that has almost identical symptoms.
C) a medical cause of the pain.
D) vaginismus.

Question 48

What is the percentage of men in their 70s with at least some impairment of erectile function?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 40%
D) 60%

Question 49

The following paring is correct based on the ages most affected by the disorders:

A) young men - premature ejaculation; older men - sexual aversion.
B) young men - premature ejaculation; older men - erectile dysfunction.
C) young men - inhibited orgasm; older men - erectile dysfunction.
D) young men - erectile dysfunction; older men - sexual aversion.

Question 50

The percentage of women reporting significant difficulty reaching orgasm is __________.

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 40%

Question 51

Sexual arousal disorders are diagnosed when there is an

A) inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males and a lack of desire for sex in females.
B) inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males and a lack of orgasm in females.
C) inability to achieve orgasm for either gender despite erection in males and lubrication in females.
D) inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males and a lack of lubrication in females.

Question 52

The condition called "dyspareunia" is diagnosed

A) when intercourse is uncomfortable or painful.
B) when medical conditions are ruled out as a cause of painful intercourse.
C) only when vaginismus is also present.
D) only when pain is present in the genital area.

Question 53

One of the most important skills that therapists must possess when conducting an interview regarding sexual behavior is

A) communicating their own sexual values.
B) using only the proper clinical terms for sexual behavior.
C) demonstrating that they are comfortable talking about sexual issues.
D) being able to diagnose medical causes of sexual dysfunction.

Question 54

Psychophysiological assessment of sexual dysfunction is generally conducted by

A) using a device that measures physical arousal during exposure to an erotic video or audio tape.
B) asking patients to keep a diary of their sexual activities.
C) a physician during a medical exam.
D) using a device that measures brain waves during exposure to an erotic video or audio tape.

Question 55

One reason that different diagnostic criteria are used for males and females with inhibited orgasm disorder is that

A) the disorder is relatively rare in men.
B) only about 20% of women regularly experience orgasm from intercourse.
C) both a and b are correct
D) neither a nor b is correct

Question 56

Premature ejaculations are

A) clearly defined by the amount of time between penetration and climax.
B) generally a result of perception of control rather than actual time.
C) always a sign of serious sexual problems.
D) tied to sexual experience.

Question 57

One reason that it is difficult to provide a precise diagnosis of premature ejaculation is that

A) the concept of "too soon" is dependent on the individual and the couple.
B) most men are too ashamed to admit the problem.
C) women generally are reluctant to tell their partners of the problem.
D) men are often unaware of what is considered "normal."

Question 58

The experience of vaginismus appears to be highest in

A) sexually liberal cultures.
B) sexually conservative cultures.
C) poor countries.
D) developed countries.

Question 59

The main feature of sexual arousal disorders is

A) lack of desire for sex despite normal physical sexual response.
B) sexual arousal to inappropriate stimuli.
C) the experience of pain during sex.
D) lack of physical sexual response despite desire for sex.

Question 60

One reason that your text suggests questionnaires be used when assessing sexual behavior is that

A) people may provide more sexual information in writing than during an interview.
B) written information regarding sexuality has been shown to be more accurate than a verbal report.
C) therapists are often uncomfortable asking questions regarding sexual behavior.
D) the therapist needs a written record in the patient's own words to demonstrate progress as the patient improves.

Question 61

Approximately 80% of individuals taking ___________ medication experience some degree of sexual dysfunction.

A) SSRI
B) beta blocker
C) tricyclic antidepressant
D) anti-hypertensive

Question 62

Who will be most likely to have a sexual dysfunction?

A) Santo, a 28-year-old, who sometimes gets overexcited and ejaculates after a couple of minutes.
B) Henry, who is 65 and once had a heart attack.
C) Imelda, who is 33 and sexually inexperienced.
D) Katrina, who is 65 and has sex only once a week.

Question 63

An unusually high concern with nocturnal emissions has been reported in ___________ where there is a strong culturally held belief that loss of semen causes depletion of physical and mental energy.

A) Ireland
B) Indonesia
C) India
D) Iceland

Question 64

Greg often has problems with premature ejaculation.As he becomes more anxious about his problem,the amount of time between initiating intercourse and ejaculation will most likely ___________________.

A) increase
B) decrease
C) remain the same
D) depend upon what is making him anxious

Question 65

The most accurate description for the condition called erotophobia is

A) negative feelings toward sexuality.
B) negative feelings about other people.
C) fear of sex.
D) fear of being raped.

Question 66

Belief in common sexual myths such as "women normally reach orgasm every time they have intercourse" are more commonly held by men

A) who do not have sexual disorders.
B) with conservative sexual attitudes.
C) who have sexual disorders.
D) who are homosexual.

Question 67

Children or young adults who experience sexual victimization are

A) no more likely to experience sexual dysfunction as adults than anyone else.
B) more likely to experience sexual dysfunction as adults if they are females.
C) more likely to experience sexual dysfunction as adults if they are males.
D) more likely to experience sexual dysfunction as adults.

Question 68

The authors of your textbook suggest that one of the most effective treatments for many sexual dysfunctions is

A) exploration of the patient's sexual orientation.
B) improving the relationship with the patient's partner.
C) education regarding normal sexuality.
D) anti-anxiety medication.

Question 69

Research indicates that sexual arousal is strongly determined by ______________.

A) cognitive factors
B) affective factors
C) biological factors
D) all of these

Question 70

Development of sexual dysfunction can be viewed as a "vicious circle" since the typical case progresses in the following manner:

A) initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as substance use; concern about the dysfunction then leads to more dysfunction, and sex itself becomes associated with negative feelings.
B) initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as substance use; this causes a strain on the relationship and reduces the intimacy in the relationship, which then leads to anxiety about one's desirability.
C) initial dysfunction occurs through slow and gradual deterioration, possibly due to a medical condition; as the medical condition develops, the individual's concern with failing sexuality increases, resulting in relationship problems.
D) a general medical condition triggers the first dysfunction, which is followed by increased anxiety; as the anxiety increases, the sexual dysfunction becomes more severe over time and causes loss of interest in sex.

Question 71

Sexual dysfunction is often related to _________________.

A) dislike for partner
B) perception of self as less attractive than before
C) guilt about sex
D) all of the above

Question 72

As a typical male with erectile dysfunction,we can expect Bill to show

A) decreased arousal during performance demand and an inaccurate sense of how aroused he is.
B) decreased arousal during performance demand and an accurate sense of how aroused he is.
C) increased arousal during performance demand and an inaccurate sense of how aroused he is.
D) increased arousal during performance demand and an accurate sense of how aroused he is.

Question 73

Two extremely common medical causes of erectile dysfunction are

A) asthma and diabetes.
B) vascular disease and diabetes.
C) vascular disease and asthma.
D) arthritis and diabetes.

Question 74

A male patient complaining of erectile dysfunction is observed to have a complete lack of nocturnal penile erections while sleeping.We can conclude that

A) more information is needed to diagnose his problem.
B) his erectile dysfunction is caused by a medication side effect.
C) his erectile dysfunction is due to psychological difficulties.
D) his erectile dysfunction is caused by a medical problem.

Question 75

Our current understanding of the psychological causes of sexual dysfunction suggests that the primary psychological factor in sexual dysfunction is ________________.

A) anxiety
B) distraction
C) relationship issues
D) unreasonable expectations

Question 76

Sensate focus and non-demand pleasuring were designed by Masters and Johnson to treat sexual dysfunctions primarily through

A) improving a couple's sexual skills.
B) identifying medical conditions that contribute to sexual dysfunction.
C) involving an objective third party.
D) elimination of psychologically-based performance anxiety.

Question 77

The effects of alcohol on sexual behavior were well noted by William Shakespeare and can be summarized as

A) alcohol decreases desire and performance.
B) alcohol may increase desire but it decreases performance.
C) alcohol may increase performance but it decreases desire.
D) alcohol may increase desire, but nobody wants to sleep with a drunk!

Question 78

Maggie and Jim have started sex therapy to deal with Jim's recent erectile dysfunction.The therapist has instructed them to refrain from intercourse or genital touching but to spend the next several days enjoying each other through hugging,kissing,and mutual massage.This is an example of

A) phase one of sensate focus treatment.
B) phase two of sensate focus treatment.
C) a strict behavioral treatment for erectile dysfunction.
D) the first step in cognitive therapy for erectile dysfunction.

Question 79

Sherri and Leo have been having some sexual difficulties lately.Both have experienced some symptoms of sexual arousal disorders.They decide to have a few glasses of wine before engaging in sex tonight.Is this a good idea or a bad idea?

A) It's a good idea since wine could increase desire.
B) It's a good idea since wine could help performance.
C) It's a bad idea since wine could further impair arousal.
D) It's a bad idea since wine tends to decrease desire.

Question 80

The original concept of performance anxiety as a cause of sexual dysfunction has been replaced with a more modern view that performance anxiety is comprised of

A) distraction, cognition, and depression.
B) arousal, anxiety, and distraction.
C) cognition, arousal, and distraction.
D) arousal, cognitive processes, and negative affect.