Deck 13: Making It in Midlife: The Unique Challenges of Middle Adulthood.

Question 1

Contrary to popular belief, getting gray hair and wrinkles is not a universal consequence of aging, and they are physical changes that only happen to about 40% of older adults.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Traits associated with a person who is low in the agreeableness factor include ruthlessness, suspiciousness, antagonism, being highly critical and stingy, and being irritable.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A person who is high on the neuroticism trait will tend to be anxious, hostile, self-conscious, depressed, impulsive, and vulnerable.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Kinkeepers serve the purpose of keeping family members who are fighting or experiencing conflict away from each other.

Question 5

The most effective treatment for the symptoms of menopause is menopausal hormone therapy, which combines low levels of estrogen with moderate levels of testosterone in a pill that is taken twice a week and acts in a time-release fashion.

Question 6

Someone high in filial obligation feels responsible for the care of his or her parents.

Question 7

As compared to younger individuals, adults tend to have a higher need to know why they should learn something before undertaking it.

Question 8

Full-time custodial grandparents experience higher levels of stress than part-time caregiving grandparents.

Question 9

In McAdams' model, generativity is derived, in part, from the formation of a life story, or a narrative.

Question 10

In the normal course of female development, menopause precedes the climacteric.

Question 11

Significant genital changes surrounding menopause may partially explain why many women experience a decline in their sexual activity during their middle-adulthood years.

Question 12

Erikson asserted that the search for generativity was a major task of our middle-adulthood years.

Question 13

Osteoarthritis is an example of a wear-and-tear disease.

Question 14

Somewhere around 50 to 55 years of age, men ordinarily stop producing sperm cells.

Question 15

Costa and McCrae argue that personality traits undergo significant changes between early adulthood and old age.

Question 16

Experts are more flexible, creative, and curious than novices.

Question 17

Roughly half of young adults in the United States of America return to their parents' home at least once after they have moved out.

Question 18

The stress and coping paradigm views stress as an environmental stimulus.

Question 19

Deficiencies of calcium and vitamin D, depletion of estrogen, and a lack of weight-bearing exercise are all risk factors for osteoporosis.​

Question 20

The pragmatics of intelligence refers to those aspects of intelligence comprising fluid intelligence.

Question 21

National statistics suggest that about ____ million Americans suffer from osteoporosis or are at high risk due to low bone density.

A) ​20
B) ​40
C) ​60
D) ​80

Question 22

As women enter midlife, they experience a major biological process called ____, during which they pass from their reproductive to their non-reproductive years.​

A) ​perimenopause
B) ​menopause
C) ​the climacteric
D) ​menarche

Question 23

When do women typically experience a rapid loss of bone mass that can contribute to osteoporosis?

A) ​in the first few years after menopause.
B) ​in the two or three years that precede menopause.
C) ​in the first few years after menarche.
D) ​in the two or three years that precede menarche.

Question 24

If you went to your physician and were given a prescription for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a corticosteroid, and/or a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, you would probably have been diagnosed with

A) osteoporosis.​
B) ​rheumatic fever.
C) ​rheumatoid arthritis.
D) ​hyperacusis.

Question 25

Darrelle knows that male pattern baldness runs in his family, and he watches his own hair closely for any signs of thinning. If he is going to start developing this condition, where should he expect to see the earliest signs of hair loss?

A) ​the sides of his head
B) ​the front of his head
C) ​the back of his head
D) ​the top of his head

Question 26

Which of the following types of medications might be prescribed to help reduce the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A) ​amyloids
B) ​beta-blockers
C) ​steroids
D) ​MAOIs

Question 27

Beginning in one's twenties, the protective cartilage in the joints can show signs of deterioration, such as thinning and becoming cracked and frayed. If these changes become pronounced they can lead to ____.

A) ​osteoarthritis
B) ​osteoporosis
C) ​atherosclerosis
D) ​myoclonic tachypnea

Question 28

You may have noticed that some older people have a distinct "hunched over" look that is particularly noticeable when they walk. They often suffer from osteoporosis, and the stooped appearance is caused by

A) calcification of the shoulder capsules.​
B) ​pronation of the knees and ankles.
C) ​supination of the hip bones.
D) ​the collapse of spinal vertebrae.

Question 29

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about gray hair?

A) ​In many cases, the pigments that cause gray hair are actually toxic to the human body, which is why dying gray hair can actually
B) ​Gray hair is something that all people will inevitably experience, starting at an average of 25 years of age.
C) ​Hair doesn't "turn" gray, but rather stays gray when the natural pigments in hair follicles stop being produced.
D) ​Most people view the graying of hair as a very negative event that signals the end of youth, vitality, and productivity.

Question 30

The individually varying time of transition from regular menstruation to menopause is called

A) ​perimenopause.
B) ​the climacteric.
C) ​menarche.
D) ​encapsulation

Question 31

____ are caused by changes to the structure of the skin and its connective and supporting tissue and worsened by sun exposure and cigarette smoking.

A) ​Tumors
B) ​Liver spots
C) ​Wrinkles
D) ​Freckles

Question 32

Why is it that osteoarthritis would be considered an example of a wear-and-tear disease?

A) ​It is caused by a tear of the connective tissue in the abdomen.
B) ​It is a degenerative disease that can be caused by injury or overuse.
C) ​It is associated with extreme fatigue and exhaustion.
D) ​It requires tearing built up plaques to reduce symptoms.

Question 33

You are having a very honest and open conversation with a middle-aged female friend who shares that she has recently gone through menopause and that she is having several sexual and physical symptoms. Which of the following would be the best advice you can give her?

A) ​Maintain an active sex life, as this will help reduce some of the problems you're experiencing.
B) ​Take a good long hiatus from sex, as such activity only enhances these symptoms.
C) ​Make sure to keep using contraception, as the risk of becoming pregnant actually increases for several months after menopause.
D) ​Ask your doctor for medications designed to reduce estrogen in your system, as many of these symptoms are probably caused by an overabundance of this hormone.

Question 34

Based on the information presented in your textbook, why do you think that women might be at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis than men?

A) ​Estrogen depletion is a causal factor in the development of osteoporosis, so when women experience a drop in estrogen it is a greater influence than for men.
B) ​Women tend to exercise less than men, and a lack of weight-bearing exercise is related to the development of osteoporosis.
C) ​A deficit of calcium absorption is a major culprit in osteoporosis, and women tend to drink less milk than men, particularly during infancy, when bones are forming.
D) ​Osteoporosis is a "primary X-delimited chromosomal" problem, and since women have two X chromosomes they have twice as much risk factor.

Question 35

Wilbur goes to see his physician complaining of mild inflammation and severe pain in his joints. Wilbur may be suffering from ____.

A) ​osteoarthritis
B) ​osteoporosis
C) ​arteriosclerosis
D) ​vasculitis

Question 36

Hoppy has two grandparents who suffered from osteoporosis, and lately his father has been given the same diagnosis. He has been advised by his doctor that one of the best ways to prevent this illness is to consume foods that are high in calcium. If Hoppy wants to get right to work at avoiding osteoporosis, what will he have with dinner tonight?

A) ​a massive mound of mashed potatoes
B) ​a heaping helping of honeydew
C) ​a big bowl of broiled broccoli
D) ​a tremendous tureen of turnips

Question 37

Osteoarthritis is to rheumatoid arthritis as ____ is to ____.​

A) ​early onset; later onset
B) ​later onset; early onset
C) ​more destructive; less destructive
D) ​less destructive; more destructive

Question 38

How are menopause and the climacteric related?​

A) ​Menopause typically ends right before the climacteric.
B) ​The climacteric is a process triggered by menopause.
C) ​Menopause is a point in time and climacteric is a process.
D) ​Menopause and the climacteric are unrelated.

Question 39

Brenda has gone through menopause in recent months. Which of the following physical changes to her genitalia should not be occurring?

A) ​a decrease in vaginal lubrication
B) ​a receding of the clitoris
C) ​a shrinking and/or thinning of the vaginal walls
D) ​a shrinking of the external genitalia

Question 40

As Dr. Benton is looking at an X-ray of bones in your leg, his comment, ____, would indicate that you may have osteoporosis.

A) ​"I see less mass than normal"
B) ​"I see excessive encapsulation"
C) ​"I see a significant increase in density"
D) ​"I see a lot of 'senile' plaques"

Question 41

____ refers to any attempt to deal with the impact of stress.

A) ​Responding
B) ​Centration
C) ​Reactance
D) ​Coping

Question 42

Blanchard-Fields (2007) has conducted research that found that, for middle-aged adults, highly emotional problems are associated most with ____ and ____ approaches to solving those problems.

A) ​secure-warm; proactive-productive
B) ​passive-dependent; avoidant-denial
C) ​aggressive-impulsive; urgent-hostile
D) ​insecure-ambivalent; centrated-reserved

Question 43

The primary reason that women show a decline in sexual activity as they get older involves

A) ​a normal physiological lack of interest.
B) ​failure to achieve orgasm.
C) ​the lack of a willing or appropriate partner.
D) ​pain associated with vaginal changes.

Question 44

What advice is most appropriate for post-menopausal women?​

A) ​There is no physiological reason not to continue to have an enjoyable sex life.
B) ​Hormone replacement is essential for sexual activity after menopause.
C) ​While she may choose to have sex to please her partner, she is unlikely to enjoy it.
D) ​The extent of physical changes makes post-menopausal sex impossible for many.

Question 45

As men age, their ____ gland tends to enlarger, become stiffer, and has the potential to interfere with the urinary tract.

A) ​prostate
B) ​Cowper's
C) ​adrenal
D) ​testicular

Question 46

Decades of research show that stress is linked to ____ problems.

A) ​cardiovascular
B) ​liver
C) ​respiratory
D) ​thyroid

Question 47

Carrie is a paramedic who responded to an emergency call for a child in distress. Tragically, the child did not survive an allergic reaction to a medication that he was given although Carrie worked tirelessly to revive him. Carrie is now experiencing a psychological disorder that is interrupting her life. The condition Carrie is experiencing is probably

A) ​somatization disorder.
B) ​post-traumatic stress disorder.
C) ​centration and tear disorder
D) ​major depressive disorder.

Question 48

Experiencing negative events in life tends to ____ immune functioning in the human body, while experiencing positive events tends to ____ those functions.​

A) ​improve; lower
B) ​complicate; simplify
C) ​simplify; complicate
D) ​lower; improve

Question 49

Dr. Cox is discussing the issue of stress with his students. "Clearly, the best way to understand stress is to examine the interactions that occur between a person and his or her environment!" Dr. Cox is a proponent of the ____ paradigm.

A) ​internalization and externalization
B) ​stress and coping
C) ​emotion and problem
D) ​biopsychosocial

Question 50

____ intelligence refers to the broad range of skills that relate to how individuals shape, select, or adapt to their physical and social environments.

A) ​Practical
B) ​Everyday
C) ​Crystallized
D) ​Analytical

Question 51

Leslie is a middle-aged woman who has not exercised very much in the last several years, and she wants to start getting back in shape. She doesn't like "intense" exercise, however, and wants to initiate a moderate exercise regimen. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, how much should moderate intensity exercise should she get in a week to improve her fitness level?

A) ​at least 15 minutes 4 days a week
B) ​at least one hour, twice a week
C) ​10 to 20 minutes every day
D) ​at least 150 minutes a week

Question 52

As a typical middle-aged male, Rasheed will most likely experience

A) ​a prostate gland that becomes enlarged.
B) ​a shorter resolution phase.
C) ​a brief increase in sperm production.
D) ​more perceived demand to ejaculate.

Question 53

Fluid intelligence is to the ____ of intelligence as crystallized intelligence is to the ____ of intelligence.​

A) ​pragmatics; mechanics
B) ​cultural aspects; sociological aspects
C) ​mechanics; pragmatics
D) ​sociological aspects; cultural aspects

Question 54

The dominant framework for studying stress, which emphasizes the transactions between a person and their environment, is the stress and ____ paradigm.

A) ​coping
B) ​externalization
C) ​diathesis
D) ​surroundings

Question 55

With regard to male reproductive functioning, which of the following statements is the most accurate?

A) ​Because older men are less likely to have sex regularly, viable sperm count increases with age.
B) ​There are no changes in quantity or quality of sperm with age except among men with heart problems.
C) ​Men typically experience a decline in the quantity of sperm that they produce as they age.
D) ​Because of prostate shrinkage, men are often unable to have erections at all after age 70.

Question 56

Based on research, which of the following statements BEST summarizes how middle-aged adults solve problems?

A) ​Middle-aged adults solve all problems with a problem-focused approach.
B) ​Middle-aged adults solve all problems with a passive-dependent approach.
C) ​Middle-aged adults solve problems similarly regardless of the emotional issues involved.
D) ​Middle-aged adults solve problems differently depending on the type of problem.

Question 57

The definition of aerobic exercise provided in your text is exercise that places moderate stress on the heart by maintaining a pulse rate of ____ to ____ percent of its maximum heart rate.

A) ​75; 90
B) ​40; 70
C) 50; 75​
D) ​60; 90

Question 58

Dr. Zorba is giving 44-year-old Annette an intelligence test. Annette finds that she really likes answering the questions because they seem to be based on her life experiences. Dr. Zorba is most likely attempting to assess Annette's

A) ​practical intelligence.
B) ​generativity.
C) ​ego resilience.
D) ​fluid intelligence.

Question 59

Research indicates that using _____ techniques has many positive effects on physical and psychological health.

A) ​exposure
B) ​trigger
C) ​mindfulness
D) ​suppression

Question 60

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) involves prescribing medication to women that provides low doses of estrogen which is often combined with ____ to counter the symptoms associated with menopause.​

A) ​prolactin
B) ​testosterone
C) ​progestin
D) ​adrenaline

Question 61

In the movie Forget Paris, a character named Mickey is picked on because he always orders the same thing when they go to a restaurant. His love of veal parmesan annoys his wife to no end, because she can never get him to order a different entrée. Mickey is probably ____ factor of the Big Five personality trait theory.

A) ​high on the extraversion
B) ​low on the openness to experience
C) ​high on the neuroticism
D) ​low on the agreeableness

Question 62

A low score on the ____ personality dimension has been associated with people who are suspicious, critical, and irritable.

A) ​agreeableness
B) ​openness to experience
C) ​neuroticism
D) ​extroversion

Question 63

Which statement between adult learners and their younger counterparts is true?

A) ​Adults are more willing to learn about abstract problems.
B) ​Adults tend to be more motivated by internal factors.
C) ​Younger learners tend to have a larger variety of experiences.
D) ​Younger learners have a higher need to know why they should learn something.

Question 64

Bobby is an expert at chess. Peter is a novice at chess. Which of the following differences in their chess-playing would you expect to see?

A) ​Bobby will take less time to select a move than Peter.
B) ​Bobby will bypass steps that Peter needs when selecting his individual moves.
C) ​Bobby will play to the goal of being stable and "autonomous," while Peter will not.
D) ​Bobby will rely more on intuition and less on experience than Peter.

Question 65

To keep up with the many changes in various industries such as technology and information services, many organizations and professions are emphasizing learning

A) ​modern skill changes.
B) ​how to learn.
C) ​mentor/protégé skills.
D) ​the dynamics of organization.

Question 66

Being high on the ____ dimension of the Big Five personality trait theory tends to mean a vivid imagination and dream life, appreciation of art, and a strong desire to try anything once.

A) ​openness to experience
B) ​agreeableness
C) ​neuroticism
D) ​conscientiousness

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the pragmatic of intelligence?

A) ​It is based largely on one's experiences with life problems.
B) ​It is a universal, biological aspect of cognition.
C) ​It is dependent on one's cultural surroundings.
D) ​It involves content-rich processing.

Question 68

A(n) ____ is someone who is much better at a task than people who have not put much effort into that task.

A) ​expert
B) ​mentor
C) ​veteran
D) ​senior

Question 69

The classic musical The Music Man features a character named Marion the Librarian. She is a stereotypical portrayal of a librarian - she is reserved, quiet, passive, serious, and emotionally unreactive. According to the Big Five personality trait theory, Marion is probably

A) ​high in agreeableness.
B) ​low in extraversion.
C) ​low in conscientiousness.
D) ​high in openness to experience.

Question 70

Ashley is a person whose friends describe her as calm, even-tempered, self-content, comfortable, unemotional, and hardy. According to the Big Five personality trait theory, Ashley would be very​

A) ​low in extraversion.
B) ​high in openness to experience.
C) ​low in neuroticism.
D) ​high in conscientiousness.

Question 71

Which of the following is one of the ways in that adults learn differently from their younger counterparts?

A) ​Adults enter a learning situation with more and different experiences on which they can build.
B) ​Adults have less interested in knowing why they need to know something before doing it.
C) ​Adults are more motivated to learn by external factors than internal factors.
D) ​Adults are more interested in learning abstract, hypothetical information than they are in real-world problems.

Question 72

People who are high on the ____ factor of the Big Five personality traits tend to be anxious, hostile, self-conscious, depressed, impulsive, and vulnerable.

A) ​extraversion
B) ​openness to experience
C) ​agreeableness
D) ​neuroticism

Question 73

When Brad shows up for his college classes, he is rarely prepared. He does not study or do his assignment, frequently forgets to bring a notebook or something to write with, and often falls asleep during the class. He is often late to class and skips class just as frequently. When his professor asks him what he wants to do with his life, he just shrugs and says, "Whatever comes along." Brad would probably be ____ factor of the Big Five personality trait theory.

A) ​low on the openness to experience
B) ​high on the neuroticism
C) ​high on the extraversion
D) ​low on the conscientiousness

Question 74

Due largely to the efforts of Paul Costa, Jr. and Robert McCrae, we are now able to describe adults' personality traits using ____ different factors.

A) ​three
B) ​five
C) ​six
D) ​eight

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the mechanics of intelligence?

A) ​It is based largely on one's experiences with life problems.
B) ​It involves content-poor processing.
C) ​It is a universal, biological aspect of cognition.
D) ​It is a factor to which one is genetically predisposed.

Question 76

"You're going to like this guy," your buddy says to you about a new friend who is coming to your house. "He never has a bad thing to say about people, he gets along and works well with others, and he's just pleasant to be around." Based on this description, you are about to be introduced to someone who is

A) ​high in openness to experience.
B) ​high in agreeableness.
C) ​low in extraversion.
D) ​low in conscientiousness.

Question 77

Andrea and Mark are discussing a new member of their management team at work. "I've heard good things about Jane," Mark says. "She's hard-working and ambitious, is really ethical, and never gives up on a project." According to the Big Five personality trait theory, Jane is probably high on the factor of

A) ​extraversion.
B) ​neuroticism.
C) ​openness to experience.
D) ​conscientiousness.

Question 78

Seth is creating an online profile for a dating website. He describes himself as a person who is very outgoing, who loves social interactions, likes to keep busy, and prefers stimulating and challenging environments. In the Big Five personality trait theory, Seth would probably score high on the ____ dimension.

A) ​openness to experience
B) ​agreeableness
C) ​extraversion
D) ​conscientiousness

Question 79

Which of the following outcomes is associated with being an expert at something?

A) ​increased speed during problem solving
B) ​a strict adherence to the rules involved in solving a problem
C) ​increased difficulty explaining the steps involved in solving a problem
D) ​decreased ability to solve similar problems

Question 80

Due largely to the efforts of ____, we are now able to describe adults' personality traits using five different factors.

A) ​Raymond Cattell and John Horn
B) ​Charles Spearman
C) ​Paul Costa, Jr. and Robert McCrae
D) ​Robert Sternberg