Deck 26: Reproduction and Development

Question 1

The fold of skin that covers the tip of the penis is the

A) glans penis.
B) prepuce.
C) corpus cavernosum.
D) corpus spongiosum.
E) penile urethra.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the condition known as cryptorchidism,

A) the testes fail to descend into the scrotum.
B) the testes are surgically removed.
C) the foreskin has been surgically removed.
D) sperm cells are not produced.
E) the prostate gland is enlarged.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

To avoid down-regulation of GnRH receptors, GnRH is secreted

A) by the testes.
B) in periodic pulses.
C) only under the influence of FSH.
D) by the anterior pituitary.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Sister chromatids

A) are found in cells called primary gametes.
B) contain twice the normal amount of DNA.
C) occur during ovum formation.
D) are found in cells called primary gametes and contain twice the normal amount of DNA.
E) are found in cells called primary gametes, contain twice the normal amount of DNA, and occur during ovum formation.

Question 5

Egg and sperm cells have

A) 46 chromosomes.
B) 23 chromosomes.
C) just 22 pairs of autosomes plus one pair of sex chromosomes.
D) 46 chromosomes and 23 chromosomes.
E) 46 chromosomes, 23 chromosomes, and 22 pairs of autosomes plus one pair of sex chromosomes.

Question 6

At which stage of gametogenesis does gamete chromosome number reduce from 4N to 2N?

A) during the first meiotic division
B) during the second meiotic division
C) prior to the first meiotic division
D) prior to the first mitotic division

Question 7

Mitotic divisions in germ cells

A) are complete before birth.
B) begin at puberty.
C) continue throughout life.
D) end at andropause or menopause.
E) The answer depends on gender.

Question 8

When allowed to develop, the Müllerian ducts become the

A) fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina.
B) distal vagina, clitoris, and labia.
C) epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles.
D) penis and scrotum.
E) fallopian tubes, uterus, upper vagina, distal vagina, clitoris, and labia.

Question 9

The erectile tissue that immediately surrounds the urethra is the

A) membranous urethra.
B) penile urethra.
C) glans penis.
D) corpus spongiosum.
E) corpus cavernosum.

Question 10

Sperm production occurs in the

A) ductus deferens.
B) seminiferous tubules.
C) epididymis.
D) seminal vesicles.
E) rete testis.

Question 11

Meiosis of one cell results in production of

A) four gametes.
B) one gamete.
C) four gametes if male, one if female.
D) four gametes if female, one if male.

Question 12

Gametes are produced by

A) internal genitalia.
B) external genitalia.
C) gonads.
D) autosomes.
E) sex chromosomes.

Question 13

Interstitial cells produce

A) sperm.
B) inhibin.
C) nutrients.
D) androgens.
E) androgen-binding protein.

Question 14

The enzyme responsible for converting androgens to estrogens is

A) 5α-reductase.
B) TDF.
C) aromatase.
D) AMH.

Question 15

X-linked genes are expressed

A) more often in males.
B) more often in females.
C) at equal rates in the two genders.

Question 16

A zygote with the genotype XO will

A) develop into a female.
B) have Turner's syndrome.
C) develop into a male.
D) die.
E) develop into a female and have Turner's syndrome.

Question 17

Bipotential gonads develop into testes under the influence of

A) androgens.
B) estrogens.
C) peptide or protein hormones.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 18

The product of the SRY gene is

A) testosterone.
B) anti-Müllerian hormone.
C) dihydrotestosterone.
D) 5-α reductase.
E) testis-determining factor.

Question 19

The small paired glands at the base of the penis that produce a lubricating secretion are the

A) seminal vesicles.
B) prostate glands.
C) preputial glands.
D) Bartholin's glands.
E) bulbourethral glands.

Question 20

A zygote with the genotype YO will

A) develop into a male.
B) develop into a female.
C) have Turner's syndrome.
D) have Kleinfelter's syndrome.
E) die.

Question 21

The structure that transports the ovum to the uterus is the

A) uterosacral ligament.
B) vagina.
C) fallopian tube.
D) infundibulum.
E) myometrium.

Question 22

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers

A) follicle maturation.
B) menstruation.
C) ovulation.
D) menopause.
E) atresia.

Question 23

Which of the following occurs during days 6-14 of the menstrual cycle?

A) ovulation
B) menstruation
C) proliferative phase
D) secretory phase

Question 24

The corpus luteum in a nonpregnant woman usually lasts about

A) 7 days.
B) 12 days.
C) 3 days.
D) 28 days.
E) 3 months.

Question 25

Which of the following occurs during days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle?

A) proliferative phase
B) ovulation
C) menstruation
D) secretory phase

Question 26

Which form of contraception allows fertilization but prevents implantation?

A) IUD
B) pill
C) female condom
D) diaphragm
E) sponge

Question 27

The cervix is

A) homologous to the penis only.
B) the neck of the uterus only.
C) the sensory tissue of the vagina only.
D) the neck of the uterus and homologous to the penis.
E) the neck of the uterus, the sensory tissue of the vagina, and homologous to the penis.

Question 28

The chorionic villi

A) form the umbilical cord.
B) form the umbilical vein.
C) form the umbilical arteries.
D) increase the surface area available for exchange between the placenta and the maternal blood.
E) form the portion of the placenta called the decidua capsularis.

Question 29

Polyspermy in humans results in

A) twins.
B) triplets.
C) individuals with haploid cells.
D) tetraploid adults.
E) a nonfunctional zygote.

Question 30

The structure that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the

A) ductus deferens.
B) rete testis.
C) seminal vesicle.
D) ejaculatory duct.
E) corpus cavernosum.

Question 31

________ decreases ovarian follicle sensitivity to FSH.

A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) GnRH
D) LH
E) Anti-Müllerian hormone

Question 32

Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the level(s)of

A) FSH.
B) LH.
C) relaxin.
D) estrogen and progesterone.
E) human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 33

The role of the pituitary hormone FSH in males is to

A) stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone.
B) stimulate the Sertoli cells to produce GnRH.
C) initiate sperm production in the testes.
D) develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics.
E) influence sexual behaviors and sex drive.

Question 34

The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is

A) LH.
B) FSH.
C) progesterone.
D) estradiol.
E) estrogen.

Question 35

Which of the following occurs during an erection?

A) The sympathetic nervous system constricts the veins leaving the penis.
B) Blood fills the corpora spongiosum, causing it to engorge.
C) The veins of the corpora cavernosa dilate.
D) The parasympathetic nervous system dilates the arteries going into the penis.

Question 36

The hormone that is the basis for a pregnancy test is

A) LH.
B) progesterone.
C) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
D) human placental lactogen (hPL).
E) relaxin.

Question 37

The embryo forms from the

A) placenta.
B) morula.
C) inner cell mass of the blastocyst.
D) outer layer of the blastocyst.
E) zona pellucida.

Question 38

Sperm cannot fertilize an egg until they

A) undergo capacitation.
B) undergo activation.
C) undergo decapitation.
D) lose their acrosome.
E) have been in the vagina for three days.

Question 39

The average length of the menstrual cycle is

A) 10 days.
B) 14 days.
C) 21 days.
D) 28 days.
E) 35 days.

Question 40

Emission is defined as

A) engorgement of the penis.
B) movement of sperm into the urethra.
C) movement of sperm out of the penis.
D) loss of erection following orgasm.
E) failure to achieve ejaculation.

Question 41

Match the ploidy with a cell stage.
A.haploid (1N)
B.diploid (2N)
C.quadriploid (4N)
primary spermatocyte or oocyte

Question 42

Which of the following is the name of the eggs produced by the ovaries?

A) primordial follicle
B) sperm
C) theca cells
D) ova
E) antrum

Question 43

Match the cells/tissue with the hormone it secretes.
A.Leydig cells
B.granulosa cells
C.corpus luteum
D.placenta
testosterone

Question 44

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the placenta?

A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B) human placental lactogen (hPL)
C) relaxin
D) luteinizing hormone
E) progesterone

Question 45

Match the bipotential structure with its sex-specific result.
A.urethral folds and groove
B.gonad cortex
C.gonad medulla
D.Wolffian duct
E.Müllerian duct
ovary

Question 46

Match the bipotential structure with its sex-specific result.
A.urethral folds and groove
B.gonad cortex
C.gonad medulla
D.Wolffian duct
E.Müllerian duct
shaft of penis

Question 47

Match the ploidy with a cell stage.
A.haploid (1N)
B.diploid (2N)
C.quadriploid (4N)
secondary spermatocyte or oocyte

Question 48

Match the ploidy with a cell stage.
A.haploid (1N)
B.diploid (2N)
C.quadriploid (4N)
spermatogonium or oogonium

Question 49

Match the ploidy with a cell stage.
A.haploid (1N)
B.diploid (2N)
C.quadriploid (4N)
mature sperm or egg

Question 50

Match the bipotential structure with its sex-specific result.
A.urethral folds and groove
B.gonad cortex
C.gonad medulla
D.Wolffian duct
E.Müllerian duct
epididymis

Question 51

During gestation, powerful uterine contractions are suppressed by elevated levels of

A) progesterone.
B) estrogen.
C) oxytocin.
D) prostaglandins.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 52

Match the cells/tissue with the hormone it secretes.
A.Leydig cells
B.granulosa cells
C.corpus luteum
D.placenta
human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 53

Which of the following is the name for the male gonad?

A) prostate gland
B) testis
C) seminal vesicle
D) ovaries
E) vas (ductus) deferens

Question 54

Match the cells/tissue with the hormone it secretes.
A.Leydig cells
B.granulosa cells
C.corpus luteum
D.placenta
progesterone, early in pregnancy

Question 55

The hormone primarily responsible for milk synthesis is

A) progesterone.
B) oxytocin.
C) prolactin.
D) estrogen.
E) growth hormone.

Question 56

The hormone primarily responsible for the milk let-down reflex is

A) progesterone.
B) oxytocin.
C) prolactin.
D) estrogen.
E) growth hormone.

Question 57

Match the bipotential structure with its sex-specific result.
A.urethral folds and groove
B.gonad cortex
C.gonad medulla
D.Wolffian duct
E.Müllerian duct
uterus

Question 58

Match the bipotential structure with its sex-specific result.
A.urethral folds and groove
B.gonad cortex
C.gonad medulla
D.Wolffian duct
E.Müllerian duct
testis

Question 59

Match the ploidy with a cell stage.
A.haploid (1N)
B.diploid (2N)
C.quadriploid (4N)
germ cell

Question 60

Match the cells/tissue with the hormone it secretes.
A.Leydig cells
B.granulosa cells
C.corpus luteum
D.placenta
estrogen, prior to ovulation

Question 61

Which of the following is responsible for the cessation of reproductive cycles in women?

A) The hypothalamus no longer produces gonadotropin releasing hormone.
B) The anterior pituitary no longer produces lutenizing hormone.
C) The ovaries no longer produce estrogen.
D) The ovaries are unable to respond to lutenizing hormone or follicle stimulating hormone.
E) The ovaries no longer produce progesterone.

Question 62

Erectile dysfunction can be an early indicator of

A) kidney failure.
B) atherosclerosis.
C) pulmonary edema.
D) hypotension.
E) multiple sclerosis.

Question 63

In order to produce spermatids, a primary spermatocyte undergoes ________ divisions.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 64

Which of the following is responsible for driving the female libido?

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) lutenizing hormone
D) adrenal androgens
E) gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 65

What is the name of the process which produces sperm?

A) spermatogenesis
B) capacitation
C) acrosomal reaction
D) oogenesis
E) testogenesis

Question 66

Which of the following is a function of human placental lactogen?

A) It alters mother's glucose and fatty acid metabolism.
B) It stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle in the uterus during birth.
C) It is the primary signal for the release of breast milk.
D) It maintains the corpus luteum after fertilization.
E) It loosens the ligaments in the pelvic bone before birth.

Question 67

Which of the following hormones inhibits FSH secretion in the male?

A) testosterone
B) lutenizing hormone
C) inhibin
D) dihydrotestosterone
E) testis-determining factor

Question 68

Mucus functions as a lubricant in the semen.Which of the following produces mucus?

A) seminiferous tubules
B) prostate gland
C) seminal vesicle
D) bulbourethral glands
E) epididymis

Question 69

Out of which structure is an oocyte released during ovulation?

A) primary follicle
B) secondary follicle
C) tertiary follicle
D) dominant follicle
E) corpus luteum

Question 70

Which of the following does not occur during labor?

A) Prostaglandins produced in the uterine wall.
B) Stretch occurs in the cervix.
C) Uterine contractions occur.
D) Fetus drops lower in the uterus.
E) Oxytocin released from the anterior pituitary.

Question 71

________, produced by ovarian follicles during the first part of the ovarian cycle, prevents too many follicles from developing at one time.

A) Estrogen
B) Anti-Müllerian hormone
C) Follicle stimulating hormone
D) Lutenizing hormone
E) Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 72

When the testis does not produce anti-Müllerian hormone, the Müllerian ducts develop into

A) ovaries.
B) epididymus.
C) vagina.
D) seminiferous tubules.
E) vas derens.

Question 73

Which of the following hormones contributes to the onset of puberty?

A) increased leptin secretion
B) increased corticotropic hormone secretion
C) increased oxytocin secretion
D) increased testosterone secretion
E) increased relaxin secretion

Question 74

Which of the following hormones is responsible for loosening pelvic bone ligaments prior to birth?

A) inhibin
B) progesterone
C) relaxin
D) oxytocin
E) corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 75

Which of the following occurs during the excitement phase in the female during the human sexual response?

A) vaginal lubrication
B) orgasm
C) emission
D) ejaculation
E) coitus

Question 76

________ cells produce testosterone while ________ cells regulate sperm development.

A) Interstitial, epididymal
B) Follicular, interstitial
C) Sertoli, interstitial
D) Epididymal, prostate
E) Interstitial, Sertoli

Question 77

Order the events of fertilization and implantation in the appropriate order.
1)Implantation of the developing embryo.
2)The developing embryo becomes a blastocyst which consists of a hollow ball of cells.
3)Mitosis occurs in the fallopian tube.
4)The cortical reaction occurs, preventing polyspermy.
5)The egg is fertilized by the sperm.

A) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1
B) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
C) 4, 5, 2, 3, 1
D) 4, 3, 5, 2, 1
E) 5, 3, 4, 1, 2

Question 78

During pregnancy, ________ contributes to the development of the milk-secreting ducts of the breast.

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) human chorionic gonadotropin
D) gonadotropin releasing hormone
E) oxytocin

Question 79

Which of the following is responsible for the development of the Wolffian duct into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicle?

A) testosterone
B) estrogen
C) progesterone
D) testis determining SRY protein
E) anti-Müllerian hormone

Question 80

Which of the following structures is the source of sperm?

A) bulbourethral glands
B) prostate glands
C) seminal vesicle
D) epididymis
E) seminiferous tubules