Deck 4: Problem Solving: Proactive Policing

Question 1

Recent research on residential burglary in England has shown that

A)victims were more likely than nonvictims to be victimized again.
B)victims were not more likely than nonvictims to be victimized again.
C)prior victimization had no impact on predicting future revictimization.
D)interventions targeted at repeat victims resulted in displacement.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A problem-solving approach to policing was developed partially in response to concerns for

A)efficiency and effectiveness.
B)effectiveness and synergy.
C)efficiency and completeness.
D)control and function.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The first step in analysis,determining what information is needed,should

A)be guided by past perspectives.
B)ask whether or not answers can be obtained.
C)ask questions that lead to tangible results.
D)be skipped if the nature of the problem seems obvious.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Problem solving is based on the belief that patterns and trends can be discovered that reflect the causes of the problem.The five principles of analysis include all of the following except:

A)Individual problems require individual analysis.
B)Analysis does not need to be complex.
C)Analysis is based on common sense.
D)There is one way to do the analysis.

Question 5

Which of the following would not be used in an impact evaluation?

A)Reduced instances of repeat victimization
B)Decreases in related crimes or incidents
C)Reduced citizen fear
D)The conclusion that the response was implemented as planned

Question 6

According to the text,neighborhood theories and street theories are examples of

A)hot-spot theories.
B)theories of differential association
C)routine activities theory.
D)classical school theories.

Question 7

According to the text,community policing focuses on

A)efficiency.
B)doing things right.
C)effectiveness.
D)Both a and b

Question 8

The least-effort principle proposes that

A)criminals tend to commit crimes near but not too close to their residence.
B)criminals tend to target victims who offer the least resistance.
C)criminals tend to target areas near major roads that offer escape routes.
D)criminals tend to be lazy.

Question 9

Crime-specific planning involves all of the following except:

A)The offense
B)The target
C)The community
D)The response

Question 10

Problem-solving policing requires police to

A)group incidents.
B)identify underlying causes
C)Both a and b
D)Neither a nor b

Question 11

Crime mapping focuses on

A)the criminal.
B)the location of crimes.
C)the victim.
D)the police response.

Question 12

In the DOC model,the "C" stands for

A)community.
B)consequences.
C)crime.
D)conflict.

Question 13

A departmental-wide strategy aimed at solving persistent community problems is called

A)community-wide policing.
B)reactive policing.
C)the SARA model.
D)problem-oriented policing.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a basic element in a problem-solving approach?

A)Grouping incidents as problems
B)Adopting a reactive stance
C)Seeking the ultimate goal of effectiveness
D)Focusing on substantive problems as the heart of policing

Question 15

According to the text,crime-specific planning is a more precise strategy than

A)reactive policing.
B)POP
C)community policing.
D)categorized response.

Question 16

The first step in problem-oriented policing is

A)studying all possible responses to incidents.
B)efficient handling of calls.
C)staffing all squad cars with two officers.
D)grouping incidents as problems.

Question 17

The mission of the Problem-Oriented Policing Center is to advance the concept and practice of

A)the SARA model.
B)community-oriented policing.
C)problem-oriented policing.
D)traditional policing.

Question 18

According to the text,some practitioners view community policing and problem-oriented policing as two

A)short-term solutions.
B)long-term solutions.
C)opposing approaches.
D)definite approaches to policing.

Question 19

Eck suggests several nontraditional measures that indicate if a problem has been affected by the intervention and include all of the following except

A)reduced instances of repeat victimization.
B)reduced citizen fear related to the problem.
C)decreased citizen satisfaction.
D)increased profits for legitimate businesses in the target area.

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the four stages of the SARA problem-solving model?

A)Scanning
B)Analysis
C)Reporting
D)Assessment

Question 21

Routine activity theory states that crime occurs at the intersection of

A)motivation, target, and an absent or ineffective guardian.
B)the base of operation, target, and an absent or ineffective guardian.
C)motivation, opportunity, and an absent or ineffective guardian.
D)motivation, target, and geographic proximity.

Question 22

A community includes all of the following except:

A)Individuals
B)Businesses
C)Government
D)All of the above are examples of a community.

Question 23

The text suggests the police department must increase police officers' freedom to make or participate in important decisions.

Question 24

Crime-specific planning uses the principles of problem solving to focus on identified crime problems.

Question 25

According to the text,the definition of a problem draws attention to six required elements of a problem.The acronym is

A)PEEPER.
B)CHEERS.
C)SARA.
D)HUDDLE

Question 26

In crime-specific planning,the response is the responsibility of the

A)criminal justice system.
B)community.
C)victim
D)All of the above

Question 27

The primary work unit in the professional model of policing is the

A)citizen concern.
B)criminal issue.
C)organizational value.
D)incident.

Question 28

Events,as defined by the text,must be discrete,describable incidents.

Question 29

Problem-oriented policing places a high value on new processes that

A)are not dependent on the criminal justice system.
B)are dependent on the criminal justice system.
C)focus directly on the community.
D)enable law enforcement to assist communities with their specific problems.

Question 30

Technology has become an indispensable tool for law enforcement.

Question 31

As defined in the text,qualitative data examines the amount of change as the result of the response.

Question 32

An act of government agents to induce a person to commit a crime that is not normally considered by the person for the purpose of prosecuting that person is called

A)a sting operation.
B)the magnet phenomenon.
C)entrapment.
D)crime mapping.

Question 33

The portion of the SARA model where the alternative solution or solutions are selected is called

A)refining.
B)redirecting.
C)reducing.
D)response.

Question 34

The text states that during problem solving and decision making,it is important to deal with symptoms rather than causes.

Question 35

The problem analysis triangle includes all of the following except:

A)Likely offenders
B)Likely victims
C)Suitable targets
D)Time and space

Question 36

The "S" in SARA represents

A)scanning.
B)solution.
C)symptoms.
D)selection.

Question 37

Community-oriented policing means changing the daily work of the police to include investigating problems as well as incidents.It means

A)targeting past problems.
B)focusing on future problems.
C)working with the bad guys and not just the good guys.
D)working with the good guys and not just against the bad guys.

Question 38

Using the SARA model,the final step in problem solving is

A)assessment.
B)analysis.
C)arbitration.
D)assistance.

Question 39

Efficiency is doing the right things to produce a desired result.

Question 40

The emphasis in community policing is efficiency.

Question 41

In the DOC model,DOC stands for ______________,_____________ and _____________.

Question 42

Process evaluation determines if the response was implemented as planned.

Question 43

The first step in problem-oriented policing is to move beyond just handling incidents.It calls for recognizing that incidents are often merely overt symptoms of problems.

Question 44

Quantitative data examines the amount of change as a result of the response.

Question 45

CompStat is viewed by all law enforcement agencies as effective and ethical.

Question 46

In some cases,problem solving and crime-specific planning are not better options,and problems should always be solved with mediation.

Question 47

According to the text,minimizing waste,expense,or unnecessary effort is effectiveness.

Question 48

Crime mapping changes the focus from the criminal to the location of the crimes.

Question 49

The originator of the problem-oriented policing concept is _____________.

Question 50

In the DOC model,the "D" stands for discretion.

Question 51

CompStat is based upon the "broken windows model."

Question 52

The magnet phenomenon occurs when a phone number or address is associated with a crime simply because it was a convenient number or address to use.

Question 53

According to the text,if a police officer is the mediator in a dispute,mediation may only result in a short-term solution.

Question 54

When using alternative dispute resolution techniques,the mediator guides the parties involved to resolve the dispute as he or she would want it solved.

Question 55

Using the SARA model,the step that involves learning the problem's causes,scope,and effects is _______________.

Question 56

Qualitative data examines excellence of the response.

Question 57

The most prevalent law enforcement response to identified problems is generally increased use of conventional strategies such as enforcement and patrol.

Question 58

The most often skipped step of the SARA model is Scanning because the problem seems so obvious.

Question 59

In addressing public safety issues such as traffic crashes,hot spot mapping is often used.

Question 60

Geographic profiling uses crime-mapping in an attempt to identify an anchor point around which a serial suspect operates.

Question 61

How do problem solving and crime-specific planning differ?

Question 62

Explain "entrapment" and how it effects the ethical decision making of police officers.

Question 63

_____________________________ is approaching criminal justice problems by considering the underlying problems that are categorized by the type of offense.

Question 64

When discussing the SARA model,______________ is acting to alleviate the problem.

Question 65

Understand the "magnet phenomenon" and how it can adversely affect problem analysis and selection of potential actions by law enforcement.

Question 66

The primary work unit in the professional model is the ______________-an isolated event that requires police response.

Question 67

______________ is the theory that successful implementation of a crime-reduction initiative does not really prevent crime.

Question 68

A __________________ is an area where incidents of crime and disorder tend to cluster in close proximity to one another.

Question 69

______________ is the concept proposing that criminals tend to commit acts of crimes within a comfort zone located near but not too close to their residence.

Question 70

______________ calculates probabilities of a suspect's residence based on the locations of past crimes.

Question 71

Several theories exist about the concentration of crime and disorder and are used to explain different types of crime phenomena that occur at different geographic levels.List and describe the various crime hot spot theories.

Question 72

Describe the four factors of crime-specific planning.

Question 73

The Violence Against Women Act is legislation to prevent

A)workplace violence.
B)child access to firearms.
C)stalking and domestic violence.
D)the purchase of firearms by felons and other prohibited persons.

Question 74

Discuss the key elements of problem-oriented policing.

Question 75

Mediation,sometimes called alternative dispute resolution (ADR),is shared problem solving by parties in a dispute guided by a neutral person.Describe how police use this in problem solving.

Question 76

Characteristics common to workplace violence and school violence include all of the following except:

A)Profiles of the perpetrators
B)Mediation strategies
C)Warnings
D)Means and pathways to violence

Question 77

Crime mapping changes the focus from the criminal to the location of crimes-the ______________ where most crimes occur.

Question 78

Only about ________________ % of sexual assaults are reported to authorities.

A)15-20
B)10-20
C)7-10
D)2-5

Question 79

According to the text,______________ is sometimes called alternative dispute resolution (ADR).

Question 80

Discuss and give examples of how technology has become an indispensable tool for law enforcement.