Deck 16: Global Challenges local Responses and the Role of Anthropology

Question 1

Anthropologists are trained to develop effective predictions of the future because they _______________.

A)are holistic in perspective
B)are good at seeking how parts fit together into a larger whole
C)are trained to have an evolutionary perspective
D)are able to see short-term trends in longer-term perspective
E)all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

Many people see the worldwide spread of fast food giants as a sign of ________________.

A)excellent economic growth in third world countries
B)a coming epidemic of worldwide obesity
C)homogeneous global culture
D)a growth in cultural misunderstandings
E)worldwide cheap food availability

Answer 2

homogeneous global culture

Question 3

In their search for cheap labor,global corporations have tended to favor _______________ for low skilled assembly jobs.

A)women
B)children
C)North Americans
D)third-world males
E)non-human primates

Answer 3

women

Question 4

In the United States there are _______________ different ethnic groups within its borders (in addition to hundreds of federally recognized American Indians).

A)543
B)57
C)179
D)234
E)120

Question 5

Prior to the mid-20th century,what types of external migration were most important?

A)voluntary and involuntary
B)forced and diasporic
C)voluntary,involuntary,and selective
D)selective,forced,and imposed
E)voluntary,forced,and imposed

Question 6

Global corporations _______________.

A)have been widespread in Western culture since medieval times
B)were very common during the colonial period
C)have become a major force in the world today since the 1950s
D)have been disintegrating since the 1950s
E)promote relativistic rather than ethnocentric ideas

Question 7

Which of the following represent the negative consequences of ethnocentrism?

A)By believing that another culture is inferior to yours,you can,with a sense of righteousness,destroy its temples,cottage industry,polygynous practices,etc. ,in order to bring it into line with your culture's standards of appropriate behavior and belief.
B)Ethnocentrism confers a sense of pride in and loyalty to one's own cultural traditions.
C)Ethnocentrism provides a feeling of psychological gratification that one is living the right kind of life.
D)Ethnocentrism contributes to a sense of person worth.
E)Ethnocentrism strengthens social solidarity.

Question 8

Cultural pluralism _______________.

A)may constitute a temporary stage in a process of integration into a single melting-pot culture
B)implies the absence of bigotry and racism
C)implies respect for the cultural traditions of other peoples
D)may result from conquest or from several culturally distinct groups occupying an area that eventually becomes unified as a larger political entity
E)all of the above

Question 9

One of the consequences of the development of global culture has been _______________.

A)the disappearance of differences between people
B)reduction in the possibility of war
C)a resurgence of separatist movements
D)the replacement of traditional cultures by more adaptive,modern cultures
E)reduction in the number of anthropologists

Question 10

After a 10-year study of relations between consumers and global corporations that produce the products they use,Laura Nader found that _______________.

A)there has been a vast improvement in the ability of consumers to communicate their complaints to producers
B)consumers are turning to smaller-sized companies for their products because of the difficulties they have had with the large producers
C)the courts are improving in their ability to handle the complaints of consumers
D)there is a growing sense of apathy because of the inability of consumers to get the large companies to respond effectively to their complaints
E)more companies are using anthropologists to resolve consumer complaints

Question 11

Which of the following expresses the negative consequences of global corporations on the international and domestic scenes?

A)Global corporations crosscut nations and thus achieve a global unity.
B)Global corporations have become a major force in the world since the 1950s.
C)Global corporations have become so powerful that they have been able to influence government decisions so that they benefit the company rather than the people.
D)Global corporations are products of the technological revolution.
E)They have developed sophisticated data-processing techniques that enable them to keep track of worldwide operations.

Question 12

Most people plan for the future by looking at trends in _______________.

A)ancient history
B)hemlines
C)third-world countries
D)food supplies
E)recent history

Question 13

Global corporations such as CNN seek to _______________.

A)report news
B)stress certain visual imagery
C)determine what to repress
D)influence public perception and action
E)all of the above

Question 14

Over the past 5,000 years,political units have _______________.

A)grown steadily smaller in size
B)grown steadily larger in size and fewer in number
C)eliminated multinational corporations
D)promoted individual freedoms
E)eliminated slavery

Question 15

_______________ is a public policy for managing cultural diversity in a multi ethnic society.

A)Acculturation
B)Multiculturalism
C)Modernization
D)Innovation
E)Global unity

Question 16

The rise of separatist movements such as those promoted by French-speakers in Canada,Tamils in Sri Lanka,Croats in the former Yugoslavia,and Latvians in the former Soviet Union indicate that _______________.

A)humans cannot work toward peace
B)southerners are more volatile than northerners
C)Western Europe will eventually dominate the globe
D)all large states have a tendency to come apart
E)developing countries cannot maintain political stability

Question 17

_______________ is violence produced by social,political,and economic structures rather than by the unique and personal decisions of individuals.

A)Torture
B)Modernization
C)Structural violence
D)Insanity
E)Religion

Question 18

Anthropologists are _______________,meaning they take into account many interacting factors to understand the functioning of a complex whole.

A)evolutionary
B)cross-cultural
C)holistic
D)relativistic
E)ethnocentric

Question 19

The most common stereotype of anthropologists is that they spend all of their time_____________________.

A)digging up the past and writing about dying tribes with traditional ways of life.
B)examining globalization in its impact on tribal groups.
C)planning trends to project their own hopes for the future.
D)trying to plan too far ahead for cultural trends.
E)digging through old museums

Question 20

There are 192 formally admitted as members of the U.N.today,but there are approximately ________ national groups that consider themselves distinct because of birth and cultural and territorial heritage.

A)200
B)500
C)1,000
D)5,000
E)10,000

Question 21

In our current world,where powerful states have dominated or destroyed many smaller nations,____________________________ is a global ritual that celebrates peace in a friendly rivalry.

A)All-nation ritual war games
B)the Commonwealth Games
C)The World Cup soccer match
D)the United Nations committee on peace
E)the Olympic Games

Question 22

The Probo Koala dumped toxic waste in _______________ that caused more than 40,000 locals to get sick.

A)Nigeria
B)Ivory Coast
C)Bolivia
D)Zambia
E)India

Question 23

Of all the world's states,_______________ is one of the very few where pluralism really has worked out to the satisfaction of all parties to the arrangement.

A)Northern Ireland.
B)Rwanda
C)Switzerland
D)the United States
E)Botswana

Question 24

Where do the PCBs found in Inuit breast milk originate?

A)Africa and Asia
B)Asia,Europe,and Australia
C)Europe.
Asia,and Africa
D)North and South America
E)North America,Europe,and Asia

Question 25

_______________ is the social and political interaction of people with different ways of living and thinking within the same society of a multinational state.

A)Cultural pluralism
B)Homogenization
C)Diversification
D)Revitalization
E)Multinationalization

Question 26

To help resolve problems of global structural violence which of the following values and cultural motivations would be needed?

A)a worldview that sees humanity as part of the natural world,rather than superior to it
B)a sense of social responsibility that recognizes that no individual,people,or state has the right to expropriate resources at the expense of others
C)an awareness of how important supportive ties are for individuals,such as seen in kinship or other associations in the world's traditional societies
D)an emphasis on self-interest
E)all but d

Question 27

The change from subsistence farming to cash crops _______________.

A)enables farmers to enlarge their holdings and feed their families more effectively
B)results in the relocation of subsistence farmers to urban areas or to lands ecologically unfit for farming
C)leads to the decline of multinational corporations
D)supports cultural pluralism
E)leads to revitalization

Question 28

The demand by "developed" countries for such items as coffee,tea,chocolate,bananas,and beef has led to _______________.

A)pushing subsistence farmers off their land to make way for huge farms and ranches that specialize in cash crops
B)an increase in food supplies in "underdeveloped" nations
C)a return of urban workers to the land where work is now available for them
D)a decrease in the use of pesticides,herbicides,and artificial fertilizers
E)a narrowing of the economic gap between rich and poor in world society today

Question 29

When over 200,000 people were injured or killed as a result of gas being released from a Union Carbide plant in Bhopal,India,the cause was attributed to a number of factors: the company saving money by not installing safety devices,the political arrangements that enable Union Carbide to build a plant in India,the people living in the vicinity of the plant being too poor to live in safer locations,etc.Thus the people were victims of _______________.

A)multinational corporations
B)apartheid
C)structural violence
D)overpopulation
E)cultural pluralism

Question 30

The worldwide spread of such products as Pepsi is taken by some as a sign that a _______________ world culture is developing.

A)standardized
B)heterogeneous
C)homogeneous
D)motley
E)varied

Question 31

To function effectively,a culture must instill the idea that its ways are the only proper ones,irrespective of how other cultures do things.In other words,to function effectively a culture must be _______________.

A)culturally pluralistic
B)culturally relative
C)flexible
D)ethnocentric
E)authoritarian

Question 32

So great is the power of _______________ that they increasingly thwart the wishes of governments.

A)tribal groups
B)chiefdoms
C)bands
D)global corporations
E)states

Question 33

If a country achieves "replacement reproduction," this means that _______________.

A)no one can be born without someone else dying
B)each reproductive couple has no more children
C)their population will immediately stop growing
D)their population will continue to grow for another 50 years
E)every other generation can have children

Question 34

All of the following are global scapes or dimensions identified by Arjun Appadurai except _______________.

A)mediascapes
B)financescapes
C)educationscapes
D)technoscapes
E)ethnoscapes

Question 35

The one thing that all large states,past and present,irrespective of other differences among them,share in common is _______________.

A)a tendency to grow beyond their capacity to maintain their society
B)a tendency to fragment
C)a tendency to stagnate
D)a tendency toward the development of a dictatorship
E)a tendency toward the development of a democracy

Question 36

According to the authors of your textbook,_______________ has become a direct threat to humanity.

A)pestilence
B)war
C)pollution
D)racism
E)Insufficient food production

Question 37

Pollution,although a worldwide consequence of certain agricultural and industrial activities,is more of a problem in _______________ because chemicals that may be banned in richer nations can be used more easily.

A)poor countries
B)industrialized countries
C)arctic countries
D)Mediterranean countries
E)ocean areas

Question 38

PCB contamination in breast milk is no where higher than among the _______________.

A)Australian aborigines
B)Apache
C)Yanomamo
D)Inuit
E)Navajo

Question 39

The major problem associated with cultural pluralism has to do with _______________.

A)cultural relativism
B)egocentrism
C)fear of strangers
D)cultural negativism
E)ethnocentrism

Question 40

The current world population is around _______________ billion.

A)7
B)3
C)4
D)8
E)6

Question 41

Current projections say that global population will peak around the year _______________.

A)2025
B)3000
C)2075
D)2050
E)2010

Question 42

Europe spends ________________ of the world's spending on military arms.

A)20
B)33
C)48
D)2
E)8

Question 43

The United States is responsible for nearly ______________________ of all the money spent on military arms worldwide.

A)one quarter
B)one half
C)one third
D)three quarters
E)two thirds

Question 44

Anthropologists typically expect that distinctive ________________________ will persist into the future,even though there continue to be massive changes facing the world today.

A)languages
B)governments
C)worldviews
D)religions
E)all of the above

Question 45

?All told,about ________ people in the world are undernourished.

A)one million
B)100,000 million
C)500,000
D)one half
E)one sixth

Question 46

The IMF is a specialized agency of the ____________________ but operates virtually independent of their control.The IMF specializes in short-term loans to poor or developing countries.

A)World Bank
B)European Union
C)United Nations
D)World Health Organization
E)SADC

Question 47

The Karen separatist movement is occurring in the country of _______________.

A)Sri Lanka
B)Tibet
C)Spain
D)Burma
E)Indonesia

Question 48

China spends _______ per cent of the world's spending on military arms.

A)4
B)33
C)48
D)2
E)8

Question 49

What percentage of the population of the United States is descended from the original inhabitants?

A)Almost 75%
B)Just over 1%
C)5%
D)10%
E)Almost 100%

Question 50

The term __________________________ refers to the public policy for managing cultural diversity in a multi-ethnic society.This policy stresses mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differences within a country's borders.

A)multiculturalism
B)anti-ethnocentrism
C)international Respect for Others
D)nationalization
E)ethnonationalism

Question 51

The five wealthiest countries in the world today are ____________________________.

A)United States,Japan,Germany,France and Britain
B)United States,Japan,Germany,UAE and Britain
C)United States,Japan,UAE,France and Britain
D)United States,China,Germany,France and Britain
E)UAE,Japan,Germany,France and Britain

Question 52

Chose the most accurate of the following choices to complete the sentence.Anthropologists are skeptical about the possibility of a coming global culture with shared ____________________________________________.

A)language and culture
B)language and government
C)religion and spirituality
D)religion and government
E)ideology and common language.

Question 53

In south Asia,the result of maternal and fetal undernutrition and malnutrition is low birth weight.The cause of the problem is maternal and fetal undernutrition and malnutrition.As such,this situation would be considered a form of structural _______________.

A)inefficiency
B)abuse
C)maldistribution
D)malfeasance
E)violence

Question 54

_______________________________ refers to the cooptive power that forces others into compliance through attraction and persuasion.

A)Soft power
B)Structural power
C)Hard power
D)Ideoscape
E)Globalizational power

Question 55

Coercive power that is backed up by economic and military force is called _______________.

A)structural violence
B)imposed force
C)coercion
D)hard power
E)soft power

Question 56

Today,about _______________ people in almost half of the world´s countries are either internally displaced or have crossed international borders as refugees.

A)11 million
B)42 million
C)1 billion
D)73 million
E)35 million

Question 57

________________________ refers to the coercive power that can be backed up by either military or economic force.

A)Soft power
B)Structural power
C)Hard power
D)Ideoscape
E)Globalizational power

Question 58

In _______________ indigenous peoples joined together to establish the World Council of Indigenous Peoples.

A)1964
B)1983
C)1975
D)1994
E)2005

Question 59

_______________________________ refers to power that organizes and orchestrates the systemic interaction with and among societies.

A)Soft power
B)Structural power
C)Hard power
D)Ideoscape
E)Globalizational power

Question 60

Global warming is thought to be primarily caused by _______________.

A)climate shifts
B)tilting of the earth
C)loss of ozone
D)burning fields
E)burning fossil fuels

Question 61

In the Sudan,the young girl is told that circumcision and infibulation are done to her not for her.

Question 62

Because global corporations cut across national boundaries,they are a force for global unity despite the political differences that divide people.

Question 63

Historical evidence supports the idea that a global culture will eliminate conflict.

Question 64

Sudanese and other African women,North American women,and others experience body mutilation as part of cultural efforts to appear beautiful.

Question 65

The more divergent cultural traditions are,the more difficult it is for pluralism to be successful.

Question 66

Russia,the largest geographical country in the world,consists of 21 autonomous republics.

Question 67

Currently,European countries,which are unfamiliar with immigration and migration issues,have to deal with considerable upheaval at home because of massive immigration from Africa and Asia.For example,________________,which initially needed cheap labor and hired Turks to do that work as "guest workers," is now home to almost 4 million people of Turkish descent who are not citizens.

A)Germany
B)England
C)France
D)Denmark
E)Sweden

Question 68

The term "replacement reproduction" means that people produce no more offspring than necessary to replace themselves when they die.

Question 69

The question of choice is central to the story of how medicine and business generate controlling processes in the shaping of women's bodies.

Question 70

Global corporations have constituted a strong force for global unity.

Question 71

Increasingly,the world's indigenous peoples are passive and non-assertive in the face of modernization not willing to defend their own interests.

Question 72

Social surveys indicate that,to the extent that women internalize the social imperative that they can enhance their lives by enhancing their breasts,they feel they are making the decision on their own.

Question 73

Anthropology is poised to be able to have a comprehensive view of short-term trends and recognize culture-bound trends when they see them due to their holistic,integrative,historical,and comparative approach to examining the world.

Question 74

Fossil fuel use has dramatically increased carbon dioxide levels.

Question 75

The world is clearly moving toward a single global culture.

Question 76

Cosmetic surgery in the United States can be seen as necessary to the patient's psychological health.

Question 77

So great is the power of global corporations that they increasingly hamper the wishes of governments.

Question 78

The change from subsistence farming to cash crops leads to economic improvement in the countries that make this change.

Question 79

According to Linda Coco,the operation on the female breast in North America does not hold the same symbolism and expression of cultural mandate as does infibulation in Sudan.

Question 80

The consequences of ethnocentrism are always negative.