Deck 1: Introducing Sport and Exercise Psychology

Question 1

The most common model in sport and exercise psychology is the theoretical model. It is

A) composed of a number of scientific constructs.
B) the relationships among scientific constructs are clearly stipulated.
C) often constructed based on research evidence.
D) A, B, and C
E) none of the above

Answer 1

A, B, and C

Question 2

Which of the following is a major difference between sport and exercise psychology research that uses either a qualitative or quantitative approach to scientific inquiry?

A) types of data collected and analyzed
B) quality of the research questions addressed within the study
C) methodological rigour
D) researcher credibility
E) B, C, and D

Answer 2

types of data collected and analyzed

Question 3

The International Society of Sport Psychology sponsored the first scholarly sport psychology journal. What is it called?

A) The Journal of Applied Sport Psychology
B) The Sport Psychologist
C) Psychology of Sport and Exercise
D) The International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
E) The Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Answer 3

The International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Question 4

In sport and exercise psychology studies where the researcher manipulates a variable (e.g., goal setting), what name do we give to that variable?

A) confound variable
B) independent variable
C) dependant variable
D) extraneous variable
E) C and D

Question 5

Sport psychology consultants who refuse to provide information about an athlete's mental health to a coach is upholding which principles of the Canadian Psychological Association's Ethics Code?

A) respect for a dignity of the person
B) integrity in relationships
C) responsibility to society
D) responsible caring

Question 6

Regulatory bodies are likely to become more diligent in monitoring the use of the title sport psychologist as well as the practices of sport psychology consultants. This is an example of which probable future trend of sport psychology over the next 20 years?

A) tension between academic and applied sport psychology
B) increased research and teaching opportunities
C) increased specialization and diversification
D) ethics and competencies
E) interdepartmental collaboration in teaching, research, and practice

Question 7

A sport psychology consultant who has no clinical training and doesn't refer an athlete with an eating disorder to someone who is more qualified is violating which principle of the Canadian Psychological Association's Ethics Code?

A) integrity in relationships
B) respect for a dignity of the person
C) responsibility to society
D) responsible caring

Question 8

Which one of the following is a membership criterion for the Canadian Sport Psychology Association (not CPA)?

A) mental training consulting experience
B) a background understanding of the sport sciences
C) a master's degree in sport psychology or a related field
D) favourable supervisor and client evaluations
E) all of the above

Question 9

The continued expansion of sport and exercise psychology principles in clinical settings in the study and treatment of cancer, stroke, and spinal cord injuries are examples of which probable future trend of sport psychology over the next 20 years?

A) increased specialization and diversification
B) increased demands for training and clinical psychology
C) increased research and teaching opportunities
D) interdepartmental collaboration in teaching, research, and practice
E) knowledge translation

Question 10

Clinical and counselling psychologists receive training in which on of the following areas?

A) ethics
B) research methods
C) assessment
D) intervention
E) all of the above

Question 11

A consultant who believes he has discovered something important but withholds this information for other professions is violating which principle of the Canadian Psychological Association's Ethics Code?

A) integrity in relationships
B) responsible caring
C) respect for a dignity of the person
D) responsibility to society

Question 12

The first Ph.D. program in sport psychology was developed at which university?

A) Universite de Montreal
B) University of Winnipeg
C) University of Ottawa
D) University of Western Ontario
E) University of Alberta

Question 13

Where was the First World Congress of Sport Psychology held in 1965?

A) Britain
B) Germany
C) Australia
D) Japan
E) Italy

Question 14

Most sport and exercise specialists in Canada are employed

A) in university athletic programs.
B) in private practice.
C) in professional sport or national sport organizations.
D) in universities and/or colleges.
E) in mental institutions.

Question 15

Which country boasted one of the first sport psychology programs that was integrated with other sport science programs?

A) United States
B) Soviet Union
C) United Kingdom
D) Japan
E) Australia

Question 16

A sport psychology consultant who decides to have a personal relationship with an athlete after a professional relationship has ended is violating which principle of the Canadian Psychological Association's Ethics Code?

A) responsibility to society
B) respect for a dignity of the person
C) responsible caring
D) integrity in relationships

Question 17

Which of the following are trends and/or issues that will dominate the advancement of sport psychology over the next 20 years?

A) knowledge translation
B) increased specialization and diversification
C) online consulting and service provision
D) increased demands for training in clinical and counselling psychology
E) all of the above

Question 18

Which Canadian was widely recognized as the world expert on team cohesion and group dynamics in sport and exercise?

A) Dr. Albert Carron
B) Dr. Terry Orlick
C) Dr. Cal Botterill
D) Dr. Rick Alderman
E) Dr. Len Wankel

Question 19

The largest organization devoted to the promotion of applied sport (and exercise) psychology is the

A) European Federation of Sport Psychology.
B) International Society of Sport Psychology.
C) North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity.
D) Association for Applied Sport Psychology.
E) Canadian Society for Psychomotor Learning and Sport Psychology.

Question 20

A sport psychology consultant who decides not to share information with an athlete's coach is following which principle of the Canadian Psychological Association's Ethics Code?

A) responsible caring
B) respect for a dignity of the person
C) integrity in relationships
D) responsibility to society

Question 21

Consultants have an ethical responsibility to minimize harm and to assist athletes, however if it will benefit society, then a person becomes second priority and benefitting society becomes first priority.

Question 22

An athlete wants to train harder and become a better player so he approaches a sports psychologist to help him achieve this. When talking to the psychologist, the psychologist reveals that if the player decides to hire him, they can do a workout program that will increase his running time by 30% and his muscle mass by 15%. The athlete is impressed and decides to go ahead and hire her. After 3 weeks of training, the psychologist and athlete start dating. They are quite happy; except the athlete can't help but notice the results he was promised are not being shown. He hasn't increased his muscle mass much at all and his running time has only increased by a few seconds. This is because the psychologist did not actually have the evidence to support the findings that she told the athlete.
State and explain what the ethical concerns of the above scenario are.

Question 23

The CPA, the CSPA, and AASP organizations are all proactive in?

A) identifying necessary standards and competencies required for providing sport and exercise psychology services to athletes
B) ethical relationships between professors and students
C) developing more academic courses and hiring more professors to allow more students to attend universities
D) evaluating university programs to see if they meet the necessary professional standards

Question 24

Seligman and others in the positive psychology movement criticized psychology for doing what?

A) for focusing too much on the human side of strength
B) for focusing too much on personal growth
C) for focusing too much on mental illness and repair
D) for focusing too much on well being

Question 25

A sport psychology consultant who is providing educational services to the community and sport organizations is an example of which type of career role?

A) teaching
B) counselling
C) research
D) consulting
E) clinical intervention

Question 26

Scientific constructs are terms that have been created for a scientific purpose and are defined specifically so that they can be distinguished from other related but distinct ideas.

Question 27

Which one of the following represents the three major roles that sport psychology consultants typically follow in their careers?

A) teaching, counselling, research
B) research, consulting, counselling
C) teaching, consulting, counselling
D) teaching, research, consulting
E) teaching, research, counselling

Question 28

In qualitative analysis, researcher use what is usually called an emic focus. This means

A) to assign a specific numerical value to a specific individual data point.
B) to emit a specific hypothesis to the research question.
C) to develop a specific research hypothesis.
D) to capture the participant's viewpoint in a particular setting.
E) to focus only on the objective elements of the interview.

Question 29

Qualitative inquiry in sport and exercise psychology often assumes that reality is objective and generalizes across people of a particular age, ethnicity, or gender.

Question 30

A sport psychology consultant who is consulting with a group of middle-aged recreational-distance runners who hope to complete a marathon is dispelling which common myth about sport psychology?

A) Sport psychology consultants are shrinks.
B) Sport psychology consultants only work with elite athletes to enhance their performance.
C) Only athletes with serious mental problems need a sport psychology specialist.
D) Sport psychology consultants only work in competitive sport settings.
E) none of the above

Question 31

Sport and exercise psychology is characterized as

A) only as a subdiscipline of psychology.
B) applying the principles of psychology to sport and exercise.
C) interdisciplinary scientific and applied field that embraces the integration of sport science and psychological knowledge.
D) the application of psychology to high performance athletes.

Question 32

Since working in diverse sport and exercise settings will require a range of sport science and psychological competencies, students should receive counselling and clinical psychology training.

Question 33

The specific legislative rules for the use of the term "psychologist" vary across provinces and territories.

Question 34

A sport psychologist who is helping individuals and teams improve performance and enhance personal well-being is an example of which type of career role?

A) consulting
B) teaching
C) counselling
D) research
E) clinical intervention

Question 35

Expansion of the application of sport and exercise psychology principles in clinical settings will include cancer, stroke, and spinal cord injuries populations.

Question 36

SCAPPS had a strong influence on development on research and development and sport and exercise psychology in the 70's and 80's but has little influence in Canada.

Question 37

In Canada and the USA, most academic sport and exercise psychologist are typically not concerned with professional practice issues and certification.

Question 38

A principle two of the CPA ethical code of conduct is responsible caring and states that the consultant must take corrective action for any harmful effects that occurred because of their teaching, research, or practice.

Question 39

A sport psychology consultant who is employed by a university and is involved in a study that examines aggression differences between male and female rugby players is an example of which type of career role?

A) counselling
B) research
C) teaching
D) consulting
E) clinical intervention

Question 40

Briefly describe the four principles of ethical guidelines for psychologists providing services to athletes or exercise clients.

Question 41

One MYTH about sport and exercise psychology is that only athletes or exercisers with serious mental problems need a sport and exercise psychologist. Explain why this is a myth.

Question 42

What are the key aspects of evidence-based practice?

Question 43

There are three approaches to interventions in positive psychology. List and describe these approaches or methods.