Deck 4: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Figure 4.12

The area labeled "C" in the accompanying figure is ____.

A) ​a nucleus
B) ​chromatin
C) ​the nuclear membrane
D) ​a vacuole
E) ​a nucleolus

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Figure 4.8

What is the structure labeled F in the accompanying figure?​

A) ​cytoplasm
B) ​nucleoid
C) ​plasma membrane
D) ​capsule
E) ​pilus

Answer 2

E

Question 3

What is the correct sequence of polypeptide transport in the secretory pathway?​

A) plasma membrane → Golgi bodies → ER → ribosome​
B) ​plasma membrane → ER → Golgi bodies → ribosome
C) ​ribosome → Golgi bodies → ER → plasma membrane
D) ​ribosome → ER → Golgi bodies → plasma membrane
E) ​Golgi bodies → ribosomes → ER → plasma membrane

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Figure 4.12

The accompanying figure is a photomicrograph of ____.

A) ​a nucleus
B) ​a Golgi body
C) ​endoplasmic reticulum
D) ​a vacuole
E) ​a nucleoid

Question 5

What components of membranes are the most abundant?​

A) ​carbohydrates
B) ​sterols
C) ​proteins
D) ​fats
E) ​phospholipids

Question 6

One generalization of the cell theory is that ____.

A) ​all cells have a nucleus
B) ​all cells have cell walls
C) ​the cell is the smallest unit that displays the properties of life
D) ​cells can arise from nonliving matter
E) ​all cells are microscopic

Question 7

One of the two main functions of the nuclear envelope is to ____.

A) ​provide residence for ribosomes
B) ​allow separation of DNA from cytoplasm machinery
C) ​provide total isolation of nuclear components
D) ​enable faster cell division
E) ​enable larger cell size

Question 8

Figure 4.12

The area labeled "A" is ____.

A) ​a nucleus
B) ​chromatin
C) ​the nuclear membrane
D) ​a vacuole
E) ​a nucleolus

Question 9

What is a tenet of the cell theory?​

A) ​All organisms consist of more than one cell.
B) ​The cell is the smallest unit that retains the characteristics of life.
C) ​Each cell makes its own hereditary material.
D) ​Each cell is composed only of products that it manufactures.
E) ​Cells may arise spontaneously under certain laboratory conditions.

Question 10

Figure 4.8

What is the structure labeled B in the accompanying figure?​

A) ​cytoplasm
B) ​nucleoid
C) ​plasma membrane
D) ​capsule
E) ​pilus

Question 11

Bacteria in the intestinal tract assist their hosts by ____.

A) ​helping with digestion
B) ​eating other bacteria
C) ​producing minerals reptiles cannot
D) ​producing stomach acid
E) ​encouraging the growth of pathogens

Question 12

Groups of bacteria living together in a close knit group are also known as ____.

A) ​eukaryotes
B) ​pathogenic bacteria
C) ​monophylogenic cultures
D) ​biofilms
E) ​archaea

Question 13

Figure 4.8

What is one function of the structure labeled A in the accompanying figure?​

A) ​attachment
B) ​locomotion
C) ​protein-making
D) ​breathing
E) ​communication

Question 14

What microscope is best to use to view internal features of specimens?​

A) ​basic light microscope
B) ​phase contrast light microscope
C) ​Nomarski process light microscope
D) ​scanning electron microscope
E) ​transmission electron microscope

Question 15

As few as ____ toxic Escherichia coli cells can cause disease.

A) ​one
B) ​10
C) ​100
D) ​1000
E) ​10,000

Question 16

Figure 4.8

What is the function of the structure labeled G in the accompanying figure?​

A) ​attachment
B) ​locomotion
C) ​protein-making
D) ​breathing
E) ​communication

Question 17

Who was the first person acknowledged to have seen living, moving cells by using a microscope?​

A) ​Robert Hooke
B) ​Robert Brown
C) ​Galileo Galilee
D) ​Rudolf Virchow
E) ​Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 18

What is an organelle that pinches off portions of its membrane to form a transport vesicle?​

A) ​mitochondrion
B) ​chloroplast
C) ​nucleolus
D) ​Golgi body
E) ​peroxisome

Question 19

When a cell expands in diameter, volume increases by the ____ of the diameter, and surface area increases by the____ of the diameter.

A) ​square; square
B) ​square; cube
C) ​cube; square
D) ​cube; cube
E) ​square root; square root

Question 20

Prokaryotes ____.

A) ​have a nucleus
B) ​are multicellular
C) ​always have cell walls
D) ​are either bacteria or archaeans
E) ​always have flagella

Question 21

Figure 4.23A

Which structure in the accompanying figure is responsible for allowing entire regions of cells to respond to a single stimulus?​

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 22

Lamins are a type of ____.

A) ​myosin
B) ​microtubules
C) ​intermediate filaments
D) ​microfilaments
E) ​actin

Question 23

Where are proteins manufactured in cells?​

A) ​Golgi bodies
B) ​vesicles
C) ​rough endoplasmic reticula
D) ​lysosomes
E) ​smooth endoplasmic reticula

Question 24

Figure 4.19

What is a main function of the structure in the accompanying figure labeled "B"?​

A) ​It controls cell shape.
B) ​It separates DNA during cell division.
C) ​It helps nerve cells lengthen.
D) ​It is found in hair.
E) ​It helps regulate DNA replication.

Question 25

What primary structures package cellular secretions for export from the cell?​

A) ​Golgi bodies
B) ​ribosomes
C) ​mitochondria
D) ​lysosomes
E) ​endoplasmic reticula

Question 26

Which cell organelle is responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids?​

A) ​Golgi body
B) ​ribosome
C) ​mitochondrion
D) ​lysosome
E) ​peroxisome

Question 27

The space between the two membranes of the mitochondrion accumulates ____.

A) ​proteins
B) ​H+
C) ​carbohydrates
D) ​H₂O₂
E) ​CO₂

Question 28

Which of the following is thought to be the descendant of ancient bacteria?​

A) ​nuclei
B) ​Golgi bodies
C) ​ER
D) ​mitochondria
E) ​lysosomes

Question 29

Lysosomes are specialized ____.

A) ​ribosomes
B) ​vacuoles
C) ​Golgi bodies
D) ​vesicles
E) ​plastids

Question 30

The cytoskeleton ____.

A) ​extends between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
B) ​is found within the nucleus
C) ​is associated with only certain cell structures
D) ​is found within organelles
E) ​is found in all animal cells but not in cells with cell walls

Question 31

The cell wall ____.

A) ​provides physical support for plant cells
B) ​controls the transport of materials out of the cell
C) ​replaces the plasma membrane in plant cells
D) ​is found in all eukaryotes
E) ​prevents the transport of toxic substances into the plant cells

Question 32

Figure 4.23A

The structures labeled "B" in the accompanying figure ____.

A) ​prevent movement of materials between cells
B) ​are found in tissues subjected to stretching
C) ​allow the free passage of materials between cells
D) ​are found mostly in heart muscle
E) ​are found in most tissues except in the stomach

Question 33

Cilia and flagella are most similar in ____.

A) ​length
B) ​the kinds of cells that have them
C) ​the number that cells usually have
D) ​their internal composition and structure
E) ​their location along the cell's periphery

Question 34

The mitochondrion harnesses the energy of the flow of ____ from its ____ compartment to its ____ compartment to generate ATP.

A) ​CO₂; outer; inner
B) H₂O₂; outer; inner
C) H+; inner; outer​
D) ​H+; outer; inner
E) ​CO₂; inner; outer

Question 35

Which of the following contain enzymes used in the breakdown of glucose and generation of ATP?​

A) ​Golgi bodies
B) ​ribosomes
C) ​mitochondria
D) ​lysosomes
E) ​endoplasmic reticula

Question 36

Which organelle contains powerful enzymes for digesting cellular waste?​

A) ​Golgi body
B) ​ribosome
C) ​mitochondrion
D) ​lysosome
E) ​peroxisome

Question 37

Figure 4.19

What is a main function of the structure in the accompanying figure labeled "A"?​

A) ​It controls cell shape.
B) ​It separates DNA during cell division.
C) ​It helps nerve cells lengthen.
D) ​It is found in hair.
E) ​It helps regulate DNA replication.

Question 38

Figure 4.23A

The structures labeled "D" in the accompanying figure _____.

A) ​prevents movement of materials between cells
B) ​allows passage of a signal to contract heart muscles
C) ​allows the free passage of materials between cells
D) ​is found mostly in stomach tissue
E) ​is found in most tissues except heart muscle

Question 39

Figure 4.23A

What are the structures labeled "C" in the accompanying figure?​

A) ​plasmodesmata
B) ​basement membranes
C) ​tight junctions
D) ​gap junctions
E) ​adhering junctions

Question 40

What is a characteristic of the cell walls of mature plant cells?

A) ​pectin
B) ​cellulose
C) ​glue-like polysaccharides
D) ​lignin
E) ​a gluey matrix containing rope-like strands

Question 41

What is a function of plastids?​

A) ​aerobic respiration
B) ​environmental sensing
C) ​breakdown of ATP
D) ​pigmentation
E) ​waste removal

Question 42

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
Golgi bodies

Question 43

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
ribosomes

Question 44

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.​
a.​ribosome
b.​mitochondrion
c.​lysosome
d.​Golgi body
e.​endoplasmic reticulum
This organelle is the site of polypeptide assembly.

Question 45

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
lysosomes

Question 46

What is the defining feature of a eukaryotic cell?​

A) ​cell wall surrounding the cell
B) ​plasma membrane external to the cell wall
C) ​internal membranes surrounding organelles
D) ​ribosomes in the cytoplasm
E) ​large vacuole for storage

Question 47

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
mitochondria

Question 48

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.​
a.​ribosome
b.​mitochondrion
c.​lysosome
d.​Golgi body
e.​endoplasmic reticulum
DNA synthesis occurs in the nucleus. Its breakdown can occur in this organelle.

Question 49

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
RNA molecules

Question 50

Which structure below is unique to organisms that harness solar energy to make sugar?​

A) ​endoplasmic reticulum
B) ​chloroplast
C) ​plasma membrane
D) ​chromosome
E) ​nuclear envelope

Question 51

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.​
a.​ribosome
b.​mitochondrion
c.​lysosome
d.​Golgi body
e.​endoplasmic reticulum
The cellular digestion and disposal of biological molecules occurs inside this organelle.

Question 52

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
central vacuoles

Question 53

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
microtubules

Question 54

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.​
a.​ribosome
b.​mitochondrion
c.​lysosome
d.​Golgi body
e.​endoplasmic reticulum
Proteins are synthesized on this tiny, two-part organelle.

Question 55

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
DNA molecules

Question 56

Which characteristic of a chloroplast makes it appear green?​

A) ​The outer membrane
B) ​The inner membrane
C) ​The stroma
D) ​The plastid
E) ​The chlorophyll

Question 57

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
chloroplasts

Question 58

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
nucleoli

Question 59

Which item below is unique to eukaryotic cells?​

A) ​cell wall
B) ​plasma membrane
C) ​nucleoid
D) ​ribosomes
E) ​vacuole

Question 60

Which property is true of living things?​

A) ​They are stable over time.
B) ​They are stable over many generations.
C) ​They use protein as their hereditary material.
D) ​They must obtain all organic molecules of life from external sources.
E) ​They consist of one or more cells.

Question 61

Classification. The following items are structures found in plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.​
a.​chloroplast
b.​central vacuole
c.​plasmodesmata
d.​cell wall
e.​chromoplasts
houses chlorophyll

Question 62

Classification. The following items are structures found in plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.​
a.​chloroplast
b.​central vacuole
c.​plasmodesmata
d.​cell wall
e.​chromoplasts
extends across cell boundaries

Question 63

Labeling. Label the parts of the model animal cell.​

microtubules

Question 64

Labeling. Label the parts of the model animal cell.​

DNA in nucleoplasm

Question 65

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.​
a.​ribosome
b.​mitochondrion
c.​lysosome
d.​Golgi body
e.​endoplasmic reticulum
RNA carries out the genetic code translation process in association with ribosomes in this organelle.

Question 66

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.​
a.​ribosome
b.​mitochondrion
c.​lysosome
d.​Golgi body
e.​endoplasmic reticulum
The packaging of secretory proteins occurs in association with this structure.

Question 67

Classification. The following items are structures found in plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.​
a.​chloroplast
b.​central vacuole
c.​plasmodesmata
d.​cell wall
e.​chromoplasts
composed primarily of cellulose

Question 68

Classification. The following items are structures found in plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.​
a.​chloroplast
b.​central vacuole
c.​plasmodesmata
d.​cell wall
e.​chromoplasts
the site of solar energy harvesting

Question 69

Classification. The following items are structures found in plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.​
a.​chloroplast
b.​central vacuole
c.​plasmodesmata
d.​cell wall
e.​chromoplasts
responsible for the color changes in ripening fruit

Question 70

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.​
a.​ribosome
b.​mitochondrion
c.​lysosome
d.​Golgi body
e.​endoplasmic reticulum
Aerobic respiration occurs in this organelle.

Question 71

Classification. The following items are structures found in plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.​
a.​chloroplast
b.​central vacuole
c.​plasmodesmata
d.​cell wall
e.​chromoplasts
connects adjoining plant cells

Question 72

Classification. The following items are structures found in plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.​
a.​chloroplast
b.​central vacuole
c.​plasmodesmata
d.​cell wall
e.​chromoplasts
causes carrots to appear orange

Question 73

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.​
a.​ribosome
b.​mitochondrion
c.​lysosome
d.​Golgi body
e.​endoplasmic reticulum
Sugar metabolism occurs in association with this organelle.

Question 74

Labeling. Label the parts of the model animal cell.​

Golgi body

Question 75

Labeling. Label the parts of the model animal cell.​

microfilaments

Question 76

Labeling. Label the parts of the model animal cell.​

lysosome

Question 77

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.​
a.​ribosome
b.​mitochondrion
c.​lysosome
d.​Golgi body
e.​endoplasmic reticulum
This organelle is involved in lipid production and protein transport.

Question 78

Labeling. Label the parts of the model animal cell.​

cytoskeleton components

Question 79

Classification. The following items are structures found in plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.​
a.​chloroplast
b.​central vacuole
c.​plasmodesmata
d.​cell wall
e.​chromoplasts
keeps stems firm and upright

Question 80

Classification. The following items are structures found in plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.​
a.​chloroplast
b.​central vacuole
c.​plasmodesmata
d.​cell wall
e.​chromoplasts
makes plants more waterproof