Deck 11: How Cells Reproduce

Question 1

DNA is replicated during

A) ​anaphase.
B) ​metaphase.
C) ​interphase.
D) ​prophase.
E) ​telophase.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The accompanying figure reveals which of the following about the organism from which it was obtained?

A) ​type of gene markers
B) ​age.
C) ​deceased or living
D) ​total number of genes
E) ​gender and chromosome number

Answer 2

E

Question 3

In mitosis, if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?

A) ​64
B) ​32
C) ​16
D) ​8
E) ​4

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is associated with mitosis?

A) fertilization
B) ​somatic cells
C) ​sexual reproduction
D) ​sperm and egg
E) ​germ cells

Question 5

DNA replication occurs

A) ​before mitosis.
B) ​immediately before prophase of mitosis.
C) ​during prophase of mitosis.
D) ​during metaphase of mitosis.
E) ​at any time during cell division.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) ​Once a person reaches maturity, cell division stops except to repair wounds.
B) ​Cell division in an adult signifies cancer.
C) Select cells throughout the body retain the ability to divide and replace themselves.​
D) ​Growth continues throughout the life of an adult human.
E) ​All cells retain the ability to divide even after the organism reaches maturity.

Question 7

Strictly speaking, mitosis

A) ​divides the nucleus and doubles the chromosomal number.
B) ​divides the cytoplasm and doubles the chromosomal number.
C) ​divides the chromosomes within the nucleus.
D) ​divides the nucleus and maintains the chromosomal number.
E) ​maintains the structure of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and chromosomes.

Question 8

The interval stage before the onset of DNA replication is called the

A) ​G1 stage.
B) ​G2 stage.
C) ​M stage.
D) ​S stage.
E) ​G3 stage.

Question 9

Which statement is TRUE about mitosis in animal cells?

A) ​The location of the centromere is the same for each chromosome.
B) ​All spindle fibers become attached to kinetochores.
C) ​The spindle apparatus is composed of actin protein molecules.
D) ​The spindle begins to disassemble during telophase.
E) ​Some centromeres overlap midway at the spindle.

Question 10

The number of DNA molecules in a duplicated chromosome is

A) ​one.
B) ​undetermined.
C) ​half that of an unduplicated chromosome.
D) ​two.
E) ​four.

Question 11

Figure 11.4

In the depiction of the cell cycle in the figure above, what does step 2 represent?

A) a pair of homologous chromosomes in G1.
B) two chromosomes in anaphase.
C) a pair of duplicated homologous chromosomes in G2
D) the entire genome of the organism.
E) a chromosome in telophase.

Question 12

Which of the following results from DNA replication during interphase?

A) ​Each new cell receives half of the number of chromosomes in the original cell.
B) ​Each new cell receives copies of all the original chromosomes.
C) If the original number of chromosomes was 46, each new cell will have 23.
D) The sister chromosomes are not identical due to breakages in the DNA.
E) ​All chromosomes are duplicated except the sex chromosomes.

Question 13

Which of the following results from mitosis?

A) ​a pair of unidentical twins
B) ​a group of rooted plant cuttings from multiple plants
C) ​the cells produced by the sexual reproduction of a single-celled organism
D) ​two new descendent cells each with a full complement of identical DNA
E) ​completely repaired DNA from damaged parental cells

Question 14

Which process is absolutely necessary for asexual cellular reproduction to occur in eukaryotes?

A) ​prokaryotic fission
B) ​mitosis
C) ​meiosis
D) doubling of chromosomal number​ in descendent cells
E) ​growth factor activation

Question 15

Figure 11.4

Homologous chromosomes have the:

A) ​same length but differing genes.
B) ​same shape but differing genes
C) ​the same genes but differing shapes.
D) ​same genes but differing lengths.
E) ​same length, shape, and genes.

Question 16

The unique feature of HeLa cells that make them important for research is that they are

A) ​identical to all other human cells.
B) ​immortal cells and will grow in culture.
C) ​limited in growth cycles.
D) ​identical to stem cells.
E) ​cannot propagate.

Question 17

Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called ____ chromatids?

A) ​mother
B) ​daughter
C) ​sister
D) ​programmed
E) ​either mother or daughter

Question 18

Chromosomes are copied during what stage of the cell cycle?

A) ​M
B) ​D
C) ​G1
D) ​G2
E) ​S

Question 19

HeLa cells have been used in research to

A) ​identify cell structures.
B) ​study sickle cell anemia.
C) ​study the effects of hyperoxia on cells.
D) ​study the mechanisms of cancer.
E) ​study various lung diseases.

Question 20

The spindle apparatus is composed of

A) ​Golgi bodies.
B) ​microtubules.
C) ​endoplasmic reticulum.
D) ​nucleoprotein.
E) ​chromatids.

Question 21

Cytoplasmic division in animal cells involves _____.

A) ​formation of a cell plate
B) ​formation of a deepening cleavage furrow
C) ​the formation of vesicle clusters
D) ​the formation of a ring of myosin filaments under the plasma membrane at the equator
E) ​the use of ADP

Question 22

In eukaryotic cells, which occurs during the prophase of mitosis?

A) ​duplication of chromatids
B) ​replication of DNA
C) separation of sister chromatids
D) ​breakup of the nuclear envelope
E) ​appearance of the nuclear envelope

Question 23

Figure 11.5

During which phase does transcription stop, and the DNA begin to appear grainy and start to condense?

A) ​interphase
B) ​early prophase
C) ​prophase
D) ​anaphase
E) ​early anaphase

Question 24

The chromosomes are aligned midway between spindle poles during

A) ​anaphase.
B) ​metaphase.
C) ​interphase.
D) ​prophase.
E) ​telophase.

Question 25

Figure 11.5

The cell in panel 3 in the figure is in ___.

A) ​anaphase
B) ​metaphase
C) ​interphase
D) ​prophase
E) ​telophase

Question 26

Which characteristic is correlated with cancer cells and metastasis?

A) ​gainof nuclear-cytoplasmic controls governing cell growth and division
B) ​changes in adhesion proteins on membrane surfaces
C) ​expansionof the cytoskeleton
D) normal chromosome number
E) ​deceased blood supply to the tumor

Question 27

Spindles are___.

A) permanent cell structures.​
B) ​present throughout every step of mitosis.
C) ​present during interphase.
D) ​mainly composed of microtubules.
E) ​all identical.

Question 28

Figure 11.7

This illustration shows

A) ​cytoplasmic division in a plant cell.
B) ​cytokinesis viaa contractile ring mechanism.
C) ​how chromosomes are dragged to the poles.
D) ​chromosome condensation.
E) ​an animal cell in interphase.

Question 29

Which of the following is true about the enzyme telomerase?

A) ​It can re-establish telomere length.
B) ​It is found only in adult cells.
C) ​It is responsible for telomere shortening.
D) ​It may speed up the aging process.
E) ​It is expressed at low levels in cancer cells.

Question 30

Cancer cells ____.

A) ​have normal plasma membranes.
B) ​have an increased ability to attach to other cells.
C) ​divide slowly to produce low densities of cells.
D) ​show an amplified reliance on ATP formation by fermentation.
E) ​are all malignant.

Question 31

The nuclear membrane re-forms during

A) ​anaphase.
B) ​metaphase.
C) ​interphase.
D) ​prophase.
E) ​telophase.

Question 32

When cells are not responding to normal controls over growth and division, they form a tissue mass known as a

A) ​metastasis.
B) ​malignancy.
C) ​tumor.
D) ​carcinogen.
E) ​nucleosome.

Question 33

Mitosis comes from the Greek word "mitos," which means

A) ​todivide.
B) ​togrow.
C) ​toswell.
D) ​thread.
E) ​toshrink.

Question 34

Which of the following is typical of cancer cells?

A) Products of oncogenes inhibit mitosis.
B) ​Benign tumors invade normal tissue.
C) ​Malignant cells migrate.
D) ​Cancer cells lose the ability to divide.
E) ​The parent cell of the tumor contains a single mutation in a single checkpoint gene.

Question 35

Figure 11.5

During which phase do sister chromatids separate?

A) ​interphase
B) ​prophase
C) ​anaphase
D) ​telophase
E) ​metaphase

Question 36

The chromatids detach from one another during

A) ​anaphase.
B) ​metaphase.
C) ​interphase.
D) ​prophase.
E) ​telophase.

Question 37

Dolly, the cloned sheep, had telomeres that:

A) ​were unusually short.
B) ​were unusually long.
C) ​became longer with each cell division
D) ​did not change in length
E) ​were perfectly normal

Question 38

Which of the following is true of telomeres?

A) ​They have the sequence ATAGGG.
B) ​They are at in the middle of chromosomes.
C) ​Their sequence can change.
D) ​They shorten with each round of cell replication.
E) ​They have the sequence ATAGTG.

Question 39

The division of cytoplasm is accomplished during

A) ​prokaryotic fission.
B) ​interphase.
C) ​meiosis.
D) ​cytokinesis.
E) ​karyokinesis.

Question 40

Which of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis?
I)metaphase
II)telophase
III)prophase
IV)
Anaphase

A) ​I, III, IV, II
B) ​I, II, III, IV
C) ​III, I, IV, II
D) ​IV, I, III, II
E) ​III, IV, I, II

Question 41

The most common type of skin cancer is __________.

Question 42

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasmic division
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.form the mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
metaphase

Question 43

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.​
a.​G2
b.​mitosis
c.​S
d.​G1
e.​cytokinesis
event that divides a cytoplasmic mass​

Question 44

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasmic division
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.form the mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
microtubules

Question 45

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasmic division
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.form the mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
centriole

Question 46

After plant mitosis, the vesicles fuse into a disk-shaped __________.

Question 47

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasmic division
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.form the mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
centromere

Question 48

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasmic division
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.form the mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
telophase

Question 49

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.​
a.​G2
b.​mitosis
c.​S
d.​G1
e.​cytokinesis
last part of interphase in the parent cell​

Question 50

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.​
a.​G2
b.​mitosis
c.​S
d.​G1
e.​cytokinesis
period when interphase begins in a cell

Question 51

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.​
a.​G2
b.​mitosis
c.​S
d.​G1
e.​cytokinesis
period of nuclear division

Question 52

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.​
a.​G2
b.​mitosis
c.​S
d.​G1
e.​cytokinesis
period of cell growth before DNA duplication

Question 53

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.​
a.​G2
b.​mitosis
c.​S
d.​G1
e.​cytokinesis
period when DNA is duplicated

Question 54

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.​
a.​G2
b.​mitosis
c.​S
d.​G1
e.​cytokinesis
period after DNA is duplicated

Question 55

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasmic division
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.form the mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
prophase

Question 56

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasmic division
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.form the mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
anaphase

Question 57

The bipolar spindle is composed of __________.

Question 58

The __________ that facilitates cytokinesis in animal cells cannot work with plant cells because a stiff cell wall surrounds their __________.

Question 59

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasmic division
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.form the mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
cytokinesis

Question 60

Matching
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasmic division
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles
g.form the mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
chromatid

Question 61

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.​
a.​interphase
b.​prophase
c.​metaphase
d.​anaphase
e.​telophase
Condensation and shortening of chromosomes occurs.

Question 62

During which stage of the cell cycle would a cell contain the least total amount of DNA?

Question 63

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.​
a.​interphase
b.​prophase
c.​metaphase
d.​anaphase
e.​telophase
Daughter nuclear membranes form.

Question 64

How could telomerase inhibitors be used to treat cancer?

Question 65

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.​
a.​interphase
b.​prophase
c.​metaphase
d.​anaphase
e.​telophase
Spindle fibers first appear.

Question 66

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.​
a.​interphase
b.​prophase
c.​metaphase
d.​anaphase
e.​telophase
Genes replicate.

Question 67

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.​
a.​interphase
b.​prophase
c.​metaphase
d.​anaphase
e.​telophase
Cytokinesis occurs after this phase of mitosis.

Question 68

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.​
a.​interphase
b.​prophase
c.​metaphase
d.​anaphase
e.​telophase
Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up midway between the spindle poles.

Question 69

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.​
a.​interphase
b.​prophase
c.​metaphase
d.​anaphase
e.​telophase
Sister chromatids joined at their centromeres are attached to spindle fibers.

Question 70

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.​
a.​G2
b.​mitosis
c.​S
d.​G1
e.​cytokinesis
period prior to mitosis

Question 71

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.​
a.​G2
b.​mitosis
c.​S
d.​G1
e.​cytokinesis
period commonly followed by cytokinesis

Question 72

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.​
a.​interphase
b.​prophase
c.​metaphase
d.​anaphase
e.​telophase
DNA replicates.

Question 73

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.​
a.​interphase
b.​prophase
c.​metaphase
d.​anaphase
e.​telophase
Centromeres break apart as the separated sister chromatids begin to move to opposite poles.

Question 74

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.​
a.​interphase
b.​prophase
c.​metaphase
d.​anaphase
e.​telophase
Chromosomes replicate.

Question 75

The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.​
a.​interphase
b.​prophase
c.​metaphase
d.​anaphase
e.​telophase
The microtubular spindle develops.

Question 76

The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.​
a.​G2
b.​mitosis
c.​S
d.​G1
e.​cytokinesis
period in which metaphase occurs

Question 77

Imagine a cell entered mitosis but was unable to make microtubules. At what stage of mitosis would it remain?​