Deck 34: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Question 1

The nurse caring for a patient with HIV infection who is taking Retrovir,a nucleoside antiviral that is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor,should be especially observant for symptoms of:

A) Decreased urine output
B) Hypertensive episodes
C) Jaundice
D) Edema of the face

Answer 1

Jaundice

Question 2

The nurse takes into consideration in planning care for a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)that the common form of transmission of the HIV virus is:

A) Injection drug use
B) Heterosexual contact
C) Exposure to contaminated blood products
D) Male to male

Answer 2

Male to male

Question 3

When the patient with HIV is diagnosed with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML),the nurse encourages the patient to:

A) Take daily exercise for 30 minutes.
B) Avoid excessive fats in the diet.
C) Remove all potted plants from inside the home.
D) Prepare advanced directives.

Answer 3

Prepare advanced directives.

Question 4

The nurse is aware that the patient has entered the third stage of HIV infection when the patient has:

A) T-helper CD4 cell count of 500
B) Rise in antibody count
C) Drop in viral load
D) Increase in T4 helper cells

Question 5

The nurse clarifies that a patient with HIV does not necessarily have AIDS until:

A) Two or more opportunistic infections are diagnosed.
B) Kaposi sarcoma appears.
C) CD4 cell level drops to 200.
D) Tested positive for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Question 6

The nurse evaluates that teaching,relative to the progression of HIV infections,has been effective when the patient with HIV in the latent stage says:

A) "I had better get my affairs in order. I don't have a lot of time left."
B) "Whew! I thought when I got AIDS that I was a 'goner.'"
C) "Now I won't have to take all those expensive drugs that I have been using."
D) "I can still enjoy life and live pretty much as I want for the next several years."

Question 7

The school nurse uses a chart to demonstrate that,according to statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),the population with the greatest incidence of human immunodeficiency viral (HIV)infection in the United States is:

A) Asian Americans
B) African Americans
C) Latinos
D) Whites

Question 8

To avoid the exposure to bacillary angiomatosis (BA),the nurse advises the patient with HIV to avoid:

A) Cats
B) Large crowds of people
C) Consuming unwashed fruits
D) Exposure to mosquito bites

Question 9

The very anxious young man comes to the clinic believing that he may have HIV infection because of his persistent influenza-like symptoms and his risky sexual behavior.The nurse anticipates that a positive blood analysis would show:

A) Low levels of CD8 cells
B) High levels of HIV-infected cells
C) Low levels of T cells
D) Low levels of antibodies

Question 10

The nurse includes in the teaching plan for a patient with HIV who has been diagnosed with microsporidiosis that the patient should:

A) Drink 3 quarts of fluid a day to combat dehydration.
B) Include milk products with every meal.
C) Consume liberal amounts of fat for increased energy.
D) Limit protein intake to reduce serum ammonia levels.

Question 11

The nurse explains that the painful shingles experienced by the patient with HIV is related to his childhood exposure to:

A) Measles
B) Mumps
C) Impetigo
D) Chickenpox

Question 12

One of the implementations that the nurse could use to increase the comfort of a patient with oral hair leukoplakia is to:

A) Allow aspirin to melt in the mouth and then wash out with warm water.
B) Encourage mouth rinses with warm salt water several times a day.
C) Limit intake of ice cream and other cold foods.
D) Offer fluids through a straw.

Question 13

The young man at the HIV clinic tells the nurse how relieved he is that he does not have HIV,because he now has no symptoms at all when just a few weeks ago he felt awful.The nurse's most helpful response would be:

A) "Flulike symptoms frequently are misdiagnosed as HIV."
B) "In the latent stage the physical symptoms are reduced, but the HIV is still present in the lymph nodes."
C) "A high antibody count can overwhelm HIV infection in the early stage."
D) "Antiretroviral drugs are very effective in the first stage in reducing symptoms."

Question 14

Before the initiation of any anti-HIV drug protocol,the patient is assessed for the willingness to:

A) Give up sexual activity for several months.
B) Follow the strict dietary guidelines.
C) Comply with drug protocol.
D) Involve the partner in a support program.

Question 15

The nurse removes a potted plant from the room of a patient with HIV as a preventive measure against:

A) Aspergillosis
B) Candidiasis
C) Coccidioidomycosis
D) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 16

In assessing a patient with AIDS for risk factors,the nurse recognizes the most risky behavior that the patient reported as:

A) Oral sex without contact with glans penis
B) Oral sex with a condom
C) Use of sex toys
D) Anal sex with condom

Question 17

The nurse explains that the initial stage of an HIV infection usually lasts from:

A) 2 to 4 weeks
B) 4 to 8 weeks
C) 8 to 12 weeks
D) 12 to 16 weeks

Question 18

The nurse explains that the enzyme reverse transcriptase transcribes:

A) DNA to mimic CD4 cells
B) T4-helper cells to RNA
C) HIV RNA to HIV DNA
D) T4 cells to HIV virons

Question 19

The patient with HIV complains to the home health nurse that he has been having watery diarrhea for the last 10 days.Because the nurse suspects toxoplasmosis,a significant question for the nurse to ask would be:

A) "Have you stopped taking your antiviral medication?"
B) "Have you been drinking alcohol?"
C) "Have you been eating aged cheese or organ meats?"
D) "Do you have a cat?"

Question 20

The nursing diagnosis that would take priority in the care of an outpatient with AIDS would be:

A) Ineffective therapeutic regimen management
B) Impaired physical mobility
C) Impaired skin integrity
D) Social isolation

Question 21

When caring for the patient with AIDS who has cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma,the nurse would report signs of:

A) Nausea
B) Fatigue
C) Abdominal pain
D) Weight loss

Question 22

The factors that may explain the increase in HIV infections in persons over the age of 50 years include the fact that older persons:

A) Are usually not questioned by health professionals about sex or drug abuse.
B) Are more promiscuous in earlier years.
C) Are less likely to seek HIV screening.
D) Mistake HIV symptoms as part of the discomforts of increased age.
E) Are less likely to use condoms.

Question 23

The nurse would suspect an infection by CMV when the patient with AIDS says:

A) "I need to get glasses, I can't see as well as I did a few months ago."
B) "I need to drink more water. This diarrhea has really dehydrated me."
C) "I need to get smaller clothes. I have lost 10 pounds in the last 6 weeks."
D) "I need to take some pep pills. I don't have any energy."

Question 24

The nurse cautions a patient with HIV infection who has been prescribed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)that inconsistent administration of the drug can result in the:

A) HIV strain becoming resistant to the drug
B) Decrease in antibodies in the circulating volume
C) Addition of another antiretroviral agent to the protocol
D) Rapid increase in the symptoms of AIDS

Question 25

The nurse explains that HIV is introduced to the systemic circulation by the ____________________,which is found in the mucous membranes.

Question 26

The nurse reminds a group of high school students that although homosexual men are stereotyped as victims of HIV,the disease is also observed in:

A) Health care workers who mishandle infected sharps
B) Breast-fed infants of HIV-infected mothers
C) Persons sharing living quarters with an HIV-infected person
D) Heterosexual partners of an HIV-infected person
E) Newborns of an HIV-infected mother

Question 27

The nurse explains to a pregnant patient with AIDS that her baby will be treated with antiretroviral drugs for ____________________ weeks after birth.

Question 28

The nurse lists the opportunistic fungal disease that threatens patients with HIV,which include:

A) Aspergillosis
B) Pneumocystis jiroveci
C) Herpes simplex
D) Oral hairy leukoplakia
E) Tuberculosis

Question 29

In designing a teaching plan for a patient with AIDS,relative to food preparation precautions,the nurse would include the need to:

A) Check expiration dates on frozen foods.
B) Leave produce unwashed to preserve protective spray.
C) Drink a small glass of red wine before each meal to stimulate the appetite.
D) Eat three large, well-balanced meals daily.
E) Avoid leftovers.

Question 30

If the first ELISA is positive,then:

A) The diagnosis of AIDS is confirmed.
B) The test is repeated in 6 to 8 months.
C) Another blood sample must be obtained for testing.
D) A Western blot test is performed on the same sample.