Deck 4: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physiology

Question 1

Considering the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve,a shift in the curve to the left results in decreased oxygen affinity and a greater dissociation of oxygen and hemoglobin.What condition might have this effect on the curve?

A) Working skeletal muscle
B) Emphysema
C) Polycythemia
D) None of the above

Answer 1

A
Working muscle generates heat and acid as a byproduct as well as an increase in metabolic demand,which results in a greater need for oxygen.

Question 2

A patient with a history of smoking has a recent decrease in oxygen saturation and is seen for a wellness program.The physical therapist determines that the PCO₂ level is normal but the PO₂ level is decreased.All other measures of the pulmonary system taken that day appear normal; this patient likely has a problem with:

A) perfusion.
B) diffusion.
C) ventilation.
D) none of the above.

Answer 2

C
The patient's history likely points to a diagnosis of emphysema.The low PO₂ is a result of decreased area available for gas exchange,which is a diffusion problem and not a ventilation or perfusion problem.

Question 3

It is known that red blood cells contain hemoglobin and that hemoglobin has an affinity for oxygen.It is also know that oxygen dissolves into the bloodstream.What factor describes why the oxygen saturation in arterial oxygenated blood not 100%?

A) The oxygen saturation curve
B) High arterial pressure
C) Coronary and pulmonary circulation
D) The brain takes oxygen first

Answer 3

C
The coronary and pulmonary circulation results in a small amount of deoxygenated blood being placed into arterial circulation because there is no direct method for getting this volume of blood directly into venous circulation.

Question 4

If the pneumotaxic center is compromised,the resulting breathing pattern would be known as:

A) pneumotaxic respiration.
B) apneustic breathing.
C) pneumotaxic breathing.
D) apneustic respiration.

Question 5

During active respiration,the thorax enlarges as the diaphragm contracts,creating a pressure change in the thorax.For the lungs to expand,the tissue must be:

A) healthy.
B) compliant.
C) rigid.
D) fibrous.

Question 6

According to the authors,the effects of afterload would correspond to which of the following cardiac reflexes in healthy adults based primarily on response to exercise demands?

A) Anrep effect
B) Starling effect
C) Bowditch effect
D) Ventura effect

Question 7

The central chemoreceptors are important in regulating the depth and rate of ventilation.The blood-brain barrier is impermeable to all of the following substances except:

A) CO₂.
B) O₂.
C) HCO₃.
D) H⁺.

Question 8

Considering the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve,a shift in the curve to the right results in decreased oxygen affinity and a greater dissociation of oxygen and hemoglobin.What condition might have this effect on the curve?

A) Skeletal muscle at rest
B) Anemia
C) Polycythemia
D) None of the above

Question 9

Movement of blood in the circulatory system is one way-forward-and the heart is designed to maintain this forward flow of blood.There is a possibility that on occasion retrograde flow may occur.This condition is known as:

A) retrofilling.
B) retroversion.
C) regeneration.
D) regurgitation.

Question 10

When preparing to position a patient for a planned intervention,the physical therapist should consider to prevent a stressful respiratory event for the patient.

A) Ventilation and perfusion matching
B) Respiratory mechanics
C) Oxyhemoglobin dissociation
D) Peripheral circulation

Question 11

All of the following factors can affect ventilation and perfusion matching in the cardiovascular and pulmonary system except:

A) smoking history.
B) posture.
C) body position.
D) disease.

Question 12

Consider ventilation and perfusion matching in humans.What portion of the lungs would provide the best results in an erect human?

A) Apical segments
B) Posterior segments
C) Base segments
D) Anterior segments

Question 13

In a healthy adult with a pulse rate of approximately 75 beats/min,the cardiac cycle occurs in approximately seconds.

A) 0.6
B) 0.8
C) .08
D) 8.0

Question 14

The period of time in the cardiac cycle when the ventricles fill with blood is known as:

A) ventricular systole.
B) ventricular isovolumic.
C) ventricular diastole.
D) ventricular ejection.

Question 15

Considering the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve,a shift in the curve to the left results in decreased oxygen affinity and a greater dissociation of oxygen and hemoglobin.What condition might have this effect on the curve?

A) Skeletal muscle at rest
B) Anemia
C) Polycythemia
D) None of the above

Question 16

There are four common heart sounds.Two of the sounds are identified as normal and two as abnormal.The normal high-pitched sound is which of the following?

A) S1
B) S2
C) S3
D) S4

Question 17

The microcirculation of the circulatory system depends on four principle factors.Of these four factors,only one of the following is responsible for moving fluid back into circulation.Identify that factor.

A) Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B) Capillary oncotic pressure
C) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D) Interstitial oncotic pressure

Question 18

A patient with emphysema is seen by a physical therapist.The patient relates that he is having trouble breathing.The difficulty the patient is expressing relates to an inability to get the air ,and this is likely caused from a .

A) in, mucus plug
B) out, foreign airway obstruction
C) in, lack of positive airway pressure
D) out, collapse of distal airways