Deck 14: Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Question 1

A buried body of rock that is induced by heat to exude oil is termed a ________.

A)reservoir rock
B)seal rock
C)source rock
D)trap rock

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following would make the best reservoir rock in a conventional hydrocarbon system?

A)shale
B)hydrofractured shale
C)poorly cemented sandstone
D)well-cemented sandstone

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Matter that stores energy in a usable and transportable form is termed ________.

A)antimatter
B)fuel
C)phlogiston
D)erg

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A permeable and porous rock,regardless of lithology,is a good candidate to serve as a ________ in an oil-producing scenario.

A)reservoir rock
B)seal rock
C)source rock
D)filter rock

Question 5

Which of the following would make the best reservoir rock in a conventional hydrocarbon system?

A)high-porosity,high-permeability rock
B)low-porosity,low-permeability rock
C)high-porosity,low-permeability rock
D)low-porosity,high-permeability rock

Question 6

Which of the following would be the least viscous?

A)cooking gas
B)gasoline
C)motor oil
D)tar

Question 7

Most energy for human consumption in the industrial world comes from ________.

A)fossil fuels
B)wind
C)nuclear power
D)water

Question 8

Hydrocarbons are chain-like or ring-like molecules made of carbon and ________ atoms.

A)helium
B)oxygen
C)water
D)hydrogen

Question 9

The greatest depth at which oil is found is ________.

A)about 1 km below the surface
B)about 6.5 km below the surface
C)at the Moho
D)at the base of the lithosphere

Question 10

In 1900,the most commonly used source of energy in the United States was ________;today it is ________.

A)coal;oil
B)oil;natural gas
C)coal;natural gas
D)nuclear;hydrothermal

Question 11

Hydrocarbons consisting of short carbon chains are ________.

A)more volatile than hydrocarbons with longer chains
B)more viscous than hydrocarbons with longer chains
C)typically stable in a solid state at room temperatures
D)more prone to tangling and bonding with each other

Question 12

In order to produce a commercially viable oil deposit,there must be a source rock,a reservoir rock,a seal rock,and a(n)________.

A)large fracture connecting the reservoir rock to the surface of the Earth
B)porous filter rock that removes impurities
C)igneous heater rock that heats the oil and gives it buoyancy
D)trap that denies the oil passage to the surface

Question 13

Chemically,oil and gas are both ________.

A)pure forms of carbon
B)carbohydrates
C)hydrocarbons
D)carbonate minerals

Question 14

Most of the hydrocarbons within oil and natural gas are derived from the breakdown of organic matter from once-living ________.

A)dinosaurs
B)plankton
C)terrestrial plants
D)mammals

Question 15

Viscosity is defined as a substance's ________.

A)ratio of short-chain molecules to long-chain molecules
B)ratio of long-chain molecules to short-chain molecules
C)ability to flow
D)ability to evaporate

Question 16

Which of the following lists contains only fossil fuels?

A)coal,oil,natural gas
B)coal,geothermal,wind
C)coal,wood,natural gas
D)hydroelectric,geothermal,wind

Question 17

Permeability is a measure of ________.

A)how many pores are present within a rock
B)the percentage of rock volume that is composed of pores
C)how well the pores within rock are connected
D)the mass of a body of rock divided by the mass of an equal volume of water

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a way in which the Sun's energy can be harnessed?

A)photosynthesis
B)solar panels
C)tidal movements
D)wind

Question 19

The oil window (temperature range wherein organic matter is converted to petroleum without destroying it)lies between ________.

A)30°C and 60°C
B)100°C and 250°C
C)90°C and 160°C
D)200°C and 350°C

Question 20

An impermeable rock,regardless of lithology,is a good candidate to serve as a ________ in an oil-producing scenario.

A)reservoir rock
B)seal rock
C)source rock
D)trap rock

Question 21

Oil drilling provides not only gasoline and electrical power but also material incorporated into ________.

A)textiles
B)plastics
C)rubber
D)cement

Question 22

In the subsurface,natural gas ________.

A)consists of longer carbon chains as compared to oil
B)is denser than oil
C)is generated at higher temperatures than oil
D)is generated at higher temperatures than graphite

Question 23

Most of the world's coal was deposited in coal swamps during the ________.

A)Cretaceous
B)Ordovician
C)Carboniferous
D)Jurassic

Question 24

________ create(s)an easy route for oil to follow from the rock to a well.

A)Hydrofracturing
B)Seismic reflection
C)Drilling mud
D)Pumps

Question 25

Congress has proposed storing nuclear waste beneath ________.

A)Teapot Dome,Wyoming
B)Grand Tetons National Park,Wyoming
C)Yucca Mountain,Nevada
D)Camel Rock,New Mexico

Question 26

Coal is formed when heat and pressure alter deposits of ancient ________.

A)kerogen
B)plankton
C)terrestrial plants
D)tar

Question 27

Oil taken directly from the ground,without artificial chemical alteration,is termed ________.

A)crude oil
B)raw oil
C)crass oil
D)proto-oil

Question 28

Which organic substance is produced by black organic shales at temperatures below the oil window?

A)natural gas
B)coal
C)kerogen
D)keratin

Question 29

________ is/are NOT an example of alternative hydrocarbon sources.

A)Methane hydrate
B)Peat bogs
C)Oil shales
D)Tar sands

Question 30

Shale,salt,and fine-grained limestone are all good candidates to serve as ________ within an oil field.

A)a reservoir rock
B)a seal rock
C)a source rock
D)either a source rock or a reservoir rock

Question 31

A black,organic-rich shale could likely serve as either of which two necessary types of rocks within oil fields?

A)source rock or seal rock
B)reservoir rock or seal rock
C)source rock or reservoir rock
D)reservoir rock or trap rock

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT an important type of oil trap?

A)salt dome
B)syncline
C)stratigraphic
D)anticline

Question 33

Most coal is mined from ________,which develop and preserve the thick sedimentary sequences necessary for deep burial.

A)domes
B)basins
C)shields
D)active margins

Question 34

Which fossil fuel,oil or natural gas,is found at greater depths within Earth,and why?

A)oil,because it is more stable at high temperatures
B)oil,because it is more stable at low pressures
C)gas,because it is more stable at high temperatures
D)gas,because it is more stable at low pressures

Question 35

Nuclear chain reactions within power plants do NOT produce bomb-like explosions primarily because the ________.

A)isotope of uranium used in power plants never undergoes fission
B)isotope of uranium used in power plants decays too quickly to be used for bombs
C)isotope of uranium used in power plants has a slower decay rate than the one used for bombs
D)density of uranium within nuclear fuel rods is insufficient to become explosive

Question 36

________ is/are an example of conventional hydrocarbon sources.

A)Gas hydrate
B)Tar sands
C)Oil shale
D)Natural gas

Question 37

If a drilled well encounters both oil and natural gas,the ________.

A)gas will naturally be floating on top of the oil
B)oil will float above the level of the gas
C)gas and oil will be thoroughly mixed together
D)oil will be in the sandstone,and gas will be in the shale

Question 38

Which sequence shows an increase in coal rank from lowest to highest?

A)anthracite,bituminous,lignite
B)lignite,bituminous,anthracite
C)bituminous,lignite,anthracite
D)bituminous,anthracite,lignite

Question 39

After the generation of hydrocarbons in a sedimentary basin,microbes will digest ________.

A)the smaller molecules,leaving more viscous oil behind
B)the larger molecules,leaving less viscous oil behind
C)the oil,leaving natural gas behind
D)the oil,leaving water behind

Question 40

Which gas is most abundantly produced from the burning of coal?

A)sulfur dioxide
B)carbon monoxide
C)carbon dioxide
D)oxygen

Question 41

The principle concern with storing nuclear waste is ________.

A)allowing sufficient time for short-lived radioactive atoms to decay
B)ensuring access to groundwater to keep the waste cool
C)keeping spent fuel rods separated from other waste
D)making biodegradable waste containers

Question 42

According to the figure below,current estimates are that the world's conventional oil reserves are likely to be depleted in about ________ years.

A)10
B)100
C)1,000
D)1 million

Question 43

________ is harnessed from the potential energy of water.

A)Hydroelectric power
B)Solar energy
C)Biofuel
D)Hydrologic energy

Question 44

A resource is considered renewable if ________.

A)it is used at rates greater than it is naturally replaced
B)nature can replace it within a short time span relative to human life
C)nature can replace it within hundreds or thousands of years
D)nature can replace it within a million years

Question 45

________ occurs when a neutron strikes a radioactive atom.

A)Fusion
B)Fission
C)Enrichment
D)Atomic splicing

Question 46

U-235,the isotope of uranium commonly utilized in nuclear power plants,is ________.

A)the most common of the naturally occurring isotopes of uranium
B)heavier than the other well-known isotope of uranium
C)rare even in uranium oxide deposits,and must be enriched before use as fuel
D)only found in granite plutons

Question 47

One way to produce solar energy is to use sunlight to induce a flow of electrons between two wafers.This process is found in ________.

A)solar collectors
B)turbines
C)fuel cells
D)photovoltaic cells

Question 48

The primary challenge of hydrogen fuel cells is ________.

A)that hydrogen is in very limited supply
B)that they generate excessive pollution
C)designing them to store explosive gas in a safe way
D)that they are inefficient

Question 49

Geothermal energy provides a low-cost alternative to fossil fuels only in places where ________.

A)groundwater is found close to the surface
B)high temperatures exist at relatively shallow depths
C)volcanoes are nearby
D)geysers are found

Question 50

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A)coal
B)oil
C)wind
D)natural gas