Deck 10: Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Question 1

You are very sociable and outgoing; at a holiday party, you approach a quiet young woman standing alone in the corner.To break the ice, you discuss a number of "safe" topics: what the winter will be like, what new television shows are worth watching, and what books you've been reading lately.You both see eye-to-eye on a lot.After the conversation, you like the young woman.Based on a large number of social-psychological experiments, why is that so?

A) You are an extrovert, she is an introvert, and opposites attract.
B) We tend to be attracted to people who hold similar attitudes.
C) We tend to like people who agree on minor points, but disagree on major points.
D) Because you agreed on so much, the functional distance between you was low.

Answer 1

We tend to be attracted to people who hold similar attitudes.

Question 2

The term "functional distance" refers to

A) the role that physical distance plays in the initiation of relationships.
B) distance and exposure to others that follows from certain aspects of architectural design.
C) the preferred distance between people that varies as a function of the quality of their relationship.
D) the level of comfort that people experience, depending on their distance from others.

Answer 2

distance and exposure to others that follows from certain aspects of architectural design.

Question 3

Moreland and Beach (1992) had a confederate attend large university classes for a systematically varied number of class sessions.She attended some classes a few times and other classes many more times.In keeping with the research on the mere exposure effect presented in the text, when unsuspecting students in those classes were later shown photos of the confederate, when would they have liked her best? When she had

A) worn their school colors to all the classes.
B) challenged the professor.
C) attended more classes.
D) attended class only a few times.

Answer 3

attended more classes.

Question 4

If an architect were to capitalize on functional distance, and design an apartment building in which all tenants had an equal chance of taking advantage of the propinquity effect, the building would have which of the following features?

A) a long hallway, with apartments separated by large spaces
B) a U-shaped hallway
C) It would be circular, with elevators, laundry facilities, and mailboxes equidistant from all tenants.
D) It would be in a straight line, with mailboxes at one end and elevators at the other end.

Question 5

Video chatting, e-mail, and texting may influence interpersonal relationships because they increase the ________ of people even if they do not affect their physical proximity.

A) propinquity
B) similarity
C) reciprocal liking
D) social exchange

Question 6

Propinquity is most similar to which of the following?

A) physical closeness
B) similarity
C) attractiveness
D) communality

Question 7

Katie and Jon are in the same accounting class, they live in the same wing of their dormitory, and they usually both study at the campus coffeehouse in the morning before class.Over time, Katie and Jon become attracted to each other.What force is most likely at work here?

A) complementarity
B) propinquity
C) reciprocal liking
D) similarity

Question 8

You are strongly attracted to Mario, and you very much want him to like you, too, but you're afraid that if you open your mouth, he won't like you.If you're too nervous to interact with Mario, you can take advantage of the mere exposure effect and

A) "accidentally" brush up against him once when you stand in line to buy coffee.
B) frequent the same coffee shop that he goes to, making sure that he sees you every day.
C) ask a friend to point you out the next time you happen to be in the same coffee shop.
D) expose your worst features first, and your strongest features later.

Question 9

Which of the following adages most directly contradicts research findings on the propinquity effect?

A) Familiarity breeds contempt.
B) You never get a second chance to make a good first impression.
C) Birds of a feather flock together.
D) Opposites attract.

Question 10

Festinger, Schachter, and Back (1950) traced friendship formations among couples in an apartment complex at MIT.They found that residents were most likely to be friends with people

A) similar to them.
B) of the same gender.
C) who lived closer to them.
D) whom their partners befriended first.

Question 11

Distance is to ________ as familiarity is to ________.

A) the propinquity effect; opposites attract
B) functional distance; complementary attraction
C) the propinquity effect; the mere exposure effect
D) romantic love; the mere exposure effect

Question 12

Why aren't Web sites better at making successful relationship matches?

A) Our personalities aren't the only predictors of relationship satisfaction.
B) Evolution wins out and helps us pick the best mate.
C) We are 100% accurate about what we want in a partner, and perfection is not always attractive.
D) Web sites often pair people with someone far away, and it's impossible to have compatibility with someone so distant.

Question 13

Arlene finds that even though she sat in the opposite corner of the classroom from Ronda during the entire term of their chemistry class, when they bump into each other at a party, she seems to like Ronda more than the strangers around.This is best explained by

A) the mere exposure effect.
B) functional distance.
C) the propinquity effect.
D) similarity.

Question 14

Lem is looking at new cars.Each one he sees has a certain trim detail across the hood which he somewhat likes at the start of the day.At the end of the day, and fifteen cars later, he really likes the detail.His opinion is influenced by the

A) stimulus generalization effect.
B) mere exposure effect.
C) familiarity effect.
D) proximity effect.

Question 15

Consider the following piece of folk wisdom: "Opposites attract." The social-psychological concept of ________ is most closely related to this truism.

A) similarity
B) complementarity
C) reciprocity
D) correspondence

Question 16

Amy and Jen are roommates this year.________ would predict that they are likely to like each other, and ________ can be described as the "fuel" that would create a friendship between them.

A) Propinquity; similarity
B) Complementary interests; similarity
C) Physical attractiveness; propinquity
D) Similarity; propinquity

Question 17

When Festinger and his colleagues studied friendship patterns among married couples in an apartment complex at MIT, they found that people who lived at the foot of the stairs or near mailboxes had more friends on upper floors than did other people who lived on the first floor.This illustrates the power of ________ to influence friendship patterns.

A) physical distance
B) functional distance
C) similarity
D) movement patterns

Question 18

Which has the better success rate-dating facilitated by a Web site or being set up by family or friends?

A) Web site
B) set up by friends or family
C) The success rates are very similar.
D) Neither.It's best to meet someone at a bar.

Question 19

Leandro tends to be happy when in relationships with others.However, right now, he's away from home and the absence of meaningful relationships is leading to

A) being more productive at work.
B) feeling even greater happiness from material objects.
C) feelings of loneliness, hopelessness, and alienation.
D) experiencing hallucinations.

Question 20

Jacob is about to start a new job.Given that he wants to make lots of new friends, he should choose the office that is located

A) by the vending machines.
B) in the far corner.
C) in the basement, away from the other offices.
D) at the far end of the hall.

Question 21

Miguel is performing a dance routine his sister taught him and looks great! However, it's the only dance he knows, and he is really clumsy and especially bad at dancing spontaneously.Who is likely the most attracted to Miguel?

A) Sophia, who loves ballet and has been taking tap dance classes for two years
B) Florencia, who is wearing an ankle brace from tripping over a curb on her way to biology class
C) Daniela, who hates to dance
D) Isabell, whose religion prohibits dance

Question 22

In romantic relationships, when would similarity with your partner be the LEAST important?

A) if your partner is from a collectivist culture
B) if you are just looking for a "fling"
C) if you are high-skilled interpersonally
D) if you are seeking a committed relationship

Question 23

Barbara, Britanny, Laurie, and Melissa have each adopted a different strategy in their attempts to attract Art.All else being equal, who is most likely to be unsuccessful?

A) Barbara, who attempts to increase her physical proximity to Art
B) Britanny, who attempts to improve her physical appearance
C) Laurie, who attempts to present herself as similar to Art
D) Melissa, who demonstrates her independence by disagreeing with Art

Question 24

If you were a student in 1966 at Elaine Hatfield (Walster) and her colleagues' first-year orientation dance, what would most likely influence your desire to date again the person with whom you were paired?

A) the date's intelligence
B) the date's self-esteem
C) the date's physical attractiveness
D) the date's similarity to you

Question 25

Tony is just looking for a romantic fling, nothing serious.If Tony would describe himself as a preppy, conservative Protestant, whom would he be more likely to choose for a short-term, sexual relationship?

A) Linda, the daughter of his minister
B) Brenda, a preppy member of Young Republicans
C) Zelda, who is a New Age artist
D) Paula, who is member at Tony's yacht club and goes to his church

Question 26

Based on what the authors of your text present about similarity and liking, who would Russ (a liberal philosophy major) be most likely to become friends with?

A) George, a conservative accounting major
B) Emily, a college Democrat and philosophy major
C) Armand, a registered Independent and biology major
D) Wilamena, an extremely conservative religion major

Question 27

Recall that Elaine Hatfield (Walster) and her colleagues (1966) randomly paired incoming students for a first-year orientation dance.They found that men

A) valued physical attractiveness more than women did.
B) valued physical attractiveness less than women did.
C) valued attractiveness, whereas women valued intelligence.
D) and women both valued physical attractiveness.

Question 28

Research by Christakis and Fowler (2014) found that people share more DNA with their friends than with strangers.Which of the following conclusions is valid? Having similar

A)genetics causes friendships with certain people.
B)DNA forces us to become friends with certain people.
C)genetics predisposes people to make certain behavioral choices, so that they end up in groups with similar people.
D)DNA makes some people more unattractive.

Question 29

Researchers (Kubitscheck & Hallinan, 1998) studied the influence of tracking (grouping students by academic ability) on friendship formation.They discovered that tracking fostered ________, which in turn increased the ________ of students "tracked" together.

A) communication; equity
B) propinquity; similarity
C) reciprocal liking; propinquity
D) social exchange; reciprocal liking

Question 30

Based on research presented in this chapter, whom is Benjamin going to sit closest to in the library? Benjamin is wearing glasses, a university sweatshirt, and is moderately attractive.

A) Hallie, a very attractive cheerleader dressed in her uniform
B) Wendy, a somewhat attractive sophomore wearing glasses
C) Sienna, a somewhat unattractive art student wearing tie-dyed pants
D) Ava, a very attractive business major in a suit

Question 31

Feingold (1990) conducted a meta-analysis of a number of studies that addressed gender differences in the importance that people place on physical attractiveness.Based on his findings, which of the following people is LEAST likely to be influenced by physical attractiveness?

A) Hans, whose behaviors are observed
B) Maria, whose behaviors are observed
C) Paul, whose attitudes are measured
D) Susan, whose attitudes are measured

Question 32

A meta-analysis (Montoya, Horton, & Kirchner, 2008) determined that _____ similarity predicted liking and attraction better than _____ similarity.

A)perceived; actual
B)actual; demographic
C)actual; perceived
D)genetic; perceived

Question 33

Recall that Boyden and his colleagues (1984) found that gay men who were stereotypically masculine desired a partner who was most of all logical, and that gay men who were stereotypically feminine desired a partner who was most of all expressive.These findings support the role of ________ to influence attraction.

A) sex role stereotypes
B) similarity
C) complementarity
D) sexual orientation

Question 34

Beatriz is expressive, sociable, and passionate.She is most likely to prefer a friend or romantic partner who is

A) logical.
B) independent.
C) emotional.
D) rational.

Question 35

When Newcomb (1961) randomly assigned male students at the University of Michigan to be roommates at the start of the school year, he found that ________ and ________ were powerful predictors of who would become friends.

A) demographic similarity; physical attractiveness
B) demographic similarity; attitude similarity
C) attitude similarity; physical attractiveness
D) physical attractiveness; the number of friends in common

Question 36

In an experiment, Curtis and Miller (1986) assigned participants at random to have a conversation.One member of each pair was told that the other person liked him or her.Participants provided this information actually behaved in more likable ways, and their partners, too, behaved in pleasant ways.Based on the information presented in the text, which of the following could explain their behavior and reciprocal liking?

A) similarity
B) the self-fulfilling prophecy
C) reciprocity of exchange
D) complementarity

Question 37

All of the following are true EXCEPT

A) people tend to form relationships with others who are similar to them in terms of opinions and interests.
B) similarity is important only for friendship and companionate love relationships and not for romantic love relationships.
C) similarity and propinquity work together when we select to be in situations where we find others similar to ourselves.
D) similar others are frequently chosen for long-term romantic relationships.

Question 38

Feingold (1990) conducted a meta-analysis of a number of studies of the importance that men versus women placed on the physical attractiveness of potential partners.According to his findings, there tends to be a larger gender difference (such that men are more influenced by physical attractiveness) when ________ are being measured than when ________ are being measured.

A) behaviors; evaluations
B) attitudes; behaviors
C) evaluations; attitudes
D) attitudes; evaluations

Question 39

Based on the research by Koranyi and Rothermund (2012), when Lincoln is in a happy relationship, he is least likely to pay attention to which of the following?

A) Sandra, the English department's sexy staff assistant
B) Tina, the starting forward for the basketball team
C) Ellen, his really smart lab partner
D) Charlotte, the interesting visiting student from Australia

Question 40

The greatest amount of research supports the notion of ________ over the notion of ________.

A) complementarity; similarity
B) propinquity; similarity
C) similarity; complementarity
D) mere exposure; similarity

Question 41

Researchers (Sergios & Cody, 1985) conducted a replication of the study by Hatfield (Walster) and her colleagues (1966), in which men and women were paired at random for a "blind date" dance.In their study, Sergios and Cody studied gay men.They found that

A) the importance of physical attractiveness seems to be limited to heterosexuals.
B) gay men are similar to heterosexuals in the importance of attractiveness.
C) gay men place significantly more emphasis on physical attractiveness.
D) gay men seem to prefer those who are comparable to themselves in attractiveness.

Question 42

All of the following are true EXCEPT that

A) there is general agreement across cultures on what constitutes an attractive face.
B) infants tend to prefer the same faces that adults do.
C) averaged faces (e.g., computer-generated composites) are the most highly attractive faces.
D) large eyes, prominent cheekbones, and big noses are attractive features in both sexes.

Question 43

Research has found that there is agreement across cultures concerning what constitutes an attractive face; that infants prefer photographs of attractive faces to unattractive ones and that they prefer the same faces that adults do; and that statistically average faces tend to be seen as attractive.These findings provide support for a(n) ________ interpretation of the importance of physical attractiveness.

A) social perception
B) social role
C) evolutionary
D) behaviorist

Question 44

Researchers used computer graphics to generate composite faces that reflected the exact mathematical average of the facial features of a large number of individual photographs.They then asked participants to rate the attractiveness of the composite photograph and the individual photographs that were combined to make up the composite.These researchers found that

A) participants preferred the composite photo to the individual photos.
B) women responded more positively to the composite photos than did men.
C) participants preferred "babyfaced" individual photos to the composite photo.
D) participants thought they had previously met the person in the composite photo.

Question 45

When people are asked to rate the attractiveness of faces, the faces that they most prefer

A) have the fewest blemishes.
B) most resemble those of their current romantic partners.
C) most differ from their own.
D) most resemble their own.

Question 46

According to research conducted by Cunningham and his colleagues (1986), there is overlap in what men and women find attractive in the opposite sex.For example, both men and women find ________ attractive in members of the opposite sex.

A) large eyes and prominent cheekbones
B) small noses and chins
C) narrow hips and flat stomachs
D) high foreheads and thick, glossy hair

Question 47

Sheila is considered to be very attractive by both men and women.Which of the following features is she most likely to have?

A) large chin
B) large eyes
C) high forehead
D) full lips

Question 48

If you were hiring someone to work as a receptionist for your office, who would you hire and why?

A) Jim, who is incredibly efficient and bright, because he will be able to operate the multi-line phone system
B) Kurt, who is quite attractive, because he is likely to have the best social skills when greeting difficult clients
C) Leland, who is quite attractive, because attractive people are often more intelligent
D) Mark, who is unattractive, because his appearance won't distract clients from buying your product

Question 49

Physical beauty confers only limited advantages.Researchers have found that people are MOST likely to associate physical attractiveness with

A) intelligence.
B) social competence.
C) integrity.
D) self-esteem.

Question 50

There is mounting evidence suggesting that people who are more physically attractive are perceived and treated differently than those who are less attractive.One striking example of this was found in the context of

A)speed of service at fast-food restaurants.
B)health outcomes of premature infants in the hospital.
C)prices quoted from a car salesperson.
D)performance on a job interview.

Question 51

Brian does not know anything about Sally except that she is very attractive.Based on research presented in the text, Brian is MOST likely to make the attribution that Sally is

A) intelligent and honest.
B) empathetic and caring.
C) dominant and successful in her career.
D) sociable and extroverted.

Question 52

When researchers suggest that people tend to prefer an "average" face as being most physically attractive, they mean that people prefer

A)the face of a regular-looking person.
B)the face based on mathematically averaged composites.
C)the most common face in a culture.
D)someone who is a "5" on attractiveness on a 1 to 10 scale.

Question 53

Evolutionarily speaking, one reason that people prefer the familiar over that which is unfamiliar is that

A) unfamiliar things can be potentially dangerous.
B) familiar things are always good.
C) unfamiliar things require more cognitive effort to process.
D) familiar things tend to fall into our schemas and stereotypes.

Question 54

Men and women both view physical attractiveness as the most desirable characteristic in potential

A) friends.
B) sexual partners.
C) coworkers.
D) long-term relationship partners.

Question 55

Recall that Perrett et al.(1994) created two kinds of composite faces, an "average attractive" composite and a "highly attractive" composite, using photographs of Caucasian and Japanese men and women.They then asked participants in Great Britain and Japan to rate these faces.They found all of the following EXCEPT that

A) the highly attractive composites were rated as significantly more attractive than the average attractive composites.
B) Japanese and British participants differed in their assessments, with people preferring faces from their own ethnicity.
C) the highly attractive faces were more extreme in the features that are generally considered attractive (e.g., if high cheekbones in general are attractive, then highly attractive faces have higher cheekbones).
D) the features that were considered attractive were similar to the features found to be attractive by other researchers.

Question 56

When researchers reviewed the literature on standards of beauty across cultures, they found that the attractiveness ratings among participants of all different races and ethnicities ranged from .66 to .93.These relatively large positive correlations suggest that

A) standards of beauty differ significantly across cultures.
B) standards of beauty are similar within cultures, but not across cultures.
C) cultural values determine what is attractive.
D) regardless of culture or background, people can agree on what is attractive.

Question 57

Stanley is building a robot in the year 2054.Fulfilling a fantasy and taking advantage of the technology available, he decides to make his robot have a female form and be physically appealing.To have the most success in this, what should he do?

A) Make sure to use only faces from his own culture as the basis for his robot's face.
B) Have his robot have highly unique and unusual exotic features.
C) Create a robot with a face that is the composite of highly attractive faces.
D) Avoid using babyface features for his robot's face.

Question 58

Research suggests that there is ________ between babies and adults, men and women, and people from several cultures as to what is considered physically attractive.

A)a vast discrepancy
B)disagreement
C)amazing consistency
D)no correlation

Question 59

What do propinquity, similarity, and reciprocal liking have in common?

A) people's preference for the familiar
B) similar cultural values and standards
C) differing demands of each sex
D) use of the self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 60

Recall that recent research finds that people rating the physical attractiveness of faces most prefer faces that resemble their own.This finding suggests that ________ is critically important in physical attraction.

A) self-esteem
B) ego defense
C) familiarity
D) heritability

Question 61

The reproductive success of ________ is measured by the quantity of their offspring, whereas the reproductive success of ________ is measured by raising their offspring to maturity.

A) men; women
B) women; men
C) younger people; older people
D) people in undeveloped countries; people in industrialized nations

Question 62

Michelle is online looking for a date to an upcoming event.She notices one very attractive individual who has posted interest in attending the event as well.She thinks he is likely to be very sociable, but her roommate who is from Korea thinks he will also be a good match because he will be

A) generous.
B) very smart.
C) strong.
D) assertive.

Question 63

Studies of the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype support all of the following EXCEPT that the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype

A) is found across different cultures.
B) affects judgments about peoples' morality.
C) has a "kernel of truth" in that beautiful people may indeed be more socially competent.
D) differs somewhat across cultures in a way consistent with the culture's individualistic or collectivist values.

Question 64

Andersen and Bem (1981) conducted a variation of the getting-acquainted telephone study by Snyder, Elizabeth Tanke, and Berscheid (1977).Andersen and Bem provided attractive and unattractive photos of men to women who interacted with men at the other end of a telephone.What would you expect happened when the women thought that the men with whom they were speaking were the men in the photos?

A) The female participants did not fall prey to the self-fulfilling prophecy as did men in previous studies.
B) The results were similar to studies in which men were provided the photos.
C) The men on the other end did not change their behaviors in response to the women's differential treatment.
D) Because the men controlled the conversations, the self-fulfilling prophecy did not occur.

Question 65

Researchers (Wheeler & Kim, 1997) asked American, Canadian, and Korean students to rate the attractiveness of people in yearbook photographs, and to rate the people in the photographs on a number of personality dimensions.Whereas Koreans associated "beautiful" with integrity and concern for others, North Americans associated "beautiful" with personal strength.These differences suggest that

A) individualistic versus collectivistic values shape stereotypes about beauty.
B) stereotypes are less powerful in collectivistic cultures.
C) physical beauty is less important in collectivistic cultures.
D) physical beauty is more important in collectivistic cultures.

Question 66

In all likelihood, there is a kernel of truth to the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype; that is, attractive people are often more warm and socially skilled than less attractive people.According to the authors, this is probably because attractive people

A) are treated differently than unattractive people.
B) have higher self-esteem than unattractive people.
C) are more introverted than attractive people.
D) compensate by emphasizing their intelligence.

Question 67

Jeremy is about to go on a blind date set up by his friend Justin.Justin gave Jeremy a picture of Carol, his potential date, and she is very attractive.Jeremy is about to call Carol to make arrangements for the date and to get to know her a little better.Which of the following is most likely to occur, according to the experiment by Snyder, Tanke, and Berscheid (1977) regarding attractiveness and the self-fulfilling prophecy?

A) Jeremy will like Carol after talking to her, but only if she is attractive in reality.
B) If Carol doesn't think she's attractive, she will withdraw throughout the phone conversation despite Jeremy's friendliness.
C) No matter what Carol really looks like, she will be judged as more attractive and confident by a third person listening in on the party line.
D) No matter what Carol really looks like, Jeremy will like her, but a third party listening in on the party line will judge her according to how she really looks.

Question 68

Research examining the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype cross-culturally has found that

A) Americans and Koreans both believe that more attractive people are more sociable, friendly, popular, and likable.
B) Americans believe that attractive people are more generous, trustworthy, and honest than do Koreans.
C) Koreans believe that attractive people are more dominant and assertive than do Americans.
D) Americans and Koreans do not believe that attractive people are any happier or more well-adjusted than less attractive people.

Question 69

Evolutionary theory suggests that ________ should be attracted to ________.

A) men; younger, more financially stable women
B) men; older, more physically attractive women
C) women; younger, more physically attractive men
D) women; older, more financially stable men

Question 70

An evolutionary psychologist would be most likely to base theories on

A) laboratory experiments.
B) observations of social roles.
C) cultural variations.
D) natural selection.

Question 71

Researchers provided men with photographs of either attractive women or unattractive women and told the men that their conversation partner was the woman in the photograph.They found that men who believed they were talking with an attractive woman ________ than did men who thought they were talking with an unattractive woman.

A) talked less
B) behaved in a warmer way
C) were more nervous
D) were more confident

Question 72

According to the evolutionary approach to love, if Juanita is looking for a romantic partner, who is she most likely to choose?

A) Harry Handsome
B) Kindly Ken
C) Wealthy Wendell
D) Nice Ned

Question 73

Researchers (Wheeler & Kim, 1997) asked American, Canadian, and Korean students to rate the attractiveness of people in yearbook photographs, and to rate the people in the photographs on a number of personality dimensions.Which of the following traits did ALL participants associate with physical attractiveness?

A) social skills
B) personal strength
C) integrity
D) concern for others

Question 74

Research from a 37-country study indicates that all of the following are true EXCEPT that

A) both men and women rate honesty, trustworthiness, and a pleasant personality as the most desirable qualities in a potential mate.
B) both men and women prefer potential mates who are younger than they are.
C) men value physical attractiveness in a potential mate more than do women.
D) women value ambition, industriousness, and earning capacity in a potential mate more than do men.

Question 75

Researchers provided men with photographs of either attractive women or unattractive women and told the men that their conversation partner was the woman in the photograph.They found that when independent raters evaluated the women's side of the conversation, women who were believed to be attractive actually behaved in a more confident, animated, and warm manner than did women who were believed to be unattractive.These results demonstrate that the ________ might explain why there is a kernel of truth to the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype.

A) negativity bias
B) matching hypothesis
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) power of similarity

Question 76

Researchers (Wheeler & Kim, 1997) asked American, Canadian, and Korean students to rate the attractiveness of people in yearbook photographs, and to rate the people in the photographs on a number of personality dimensions.They found that ________ students were likely to associate attractiveness with ________.

A) Korean; personal strength
B) all; concern for others
C) North American; integrity
D) all; friendliness

Question 77

According to an evolutionary approach to love, why do women prefer men with resources, whereas men prefer women who are attractive?

A) Resources signal competence in men; attractiveness signals reproductive fitness in women.
B) Resources signal relationship commitment in men; attractiveness signals erotic passion in women.
C) Reproduction is more costly to men than to women.
D) Resources signal dominance in men; attractiveness signals willingness in women.

Question 78

Advocates of which of the following approaches believe that men and women have different agendas in their relationships with each other?

A) equity theory
B) social attachment theory
C) social exchange theory
D) evolutionary psychology

Question 79

Which of the following (actual) research findings represents the most serious challenge to evolutionary explanations of love and attraction?

A) In areas of the world where parasitic diseases are prevalent, men and women value physical attractiveness.
B) Women are less likely than men to admit the importance of physical attractiveness, but observations of behaviors reveal no gender differences.
C) Men tend to prefer younger women, and women tend to prefer men of the same age.
D) Men become more upset at sexual infidelities, and women at emotional infidelities.

Question 80

According to the tenets of evolutionary theory, reproduction is more costly (in terms of time, energy, and effort) for females than it is for males.Thus, it is advantageous for males to ________ and for females to ________.

A) pursue many females; pair infrequently, and with a carefully chosen male
B) pair with a single female; pair with multiple males
C) live alone; rear offspring in groups
D) pay attention to equity concerns; pay attention to equality concerns